Basketball Court Design Complete

COVERED COURT
Design Loads
The loadings that will be used in detailed engineering design of the proposed
project are the following:
1. Dead Loads
Roof:
Weight of Corrugated Roofing Sheet 0.1 kPa

Purlin Self-weight
Purlins Spacing: 0.95m
Truss Spacing: 4.90m
Length of Purlins: 24.5m
Use C9x13 4.784 kPa
Mechanical and Electrical Allowances 0.38k Pa
2. Live Loads
All the necessary loadings assigned in designing the structures are based
on the minimum design loads based on the provision of the National Building
Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015).
3. Roof Live Loads
0.75k Pa
Roof Live Load (for tributary area 0 to 20 m2)
4. Wind Loads
Occupancy Category IV: Standard Occupancy Structures
Basic Wind speed V = 280 kph = 77.78 m/s
Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85
Exposure Category = B
Proposed Site Development Plan and Design of Socialized… Chapter 1I: Technical
Study
Aguisanda, J.D.L., Ilagan, R.C., Valencia, A.G.S.
Topographic factor, Kzt = 1.0
Gust effect factor, G or Gf = 0.85
Enclosure Classification: Open Building
Internal pressure coefficient, GCpi:
INTERNAL PRESSURE
STRUCTURE
COEFFICIENT
Basketball Court 0
The velocity factor coefficient, Kh or Kz
For roofs with  > 10°,
h= ( eave height+2ridge height ) = ( 7.1 m+9

2
m
) = 8.05m
At 8.05m:
Using interpolation,
y 2− y 1
y – y1 = ( x 2−x 1) ( x−x 1 )
where x = velocity factor coefficient
y = height above ground level
9 m−7.5 m
8.05m – 7.5m = ( 0.697−0.662 ) ( x−0.662 )
x = 0.6748
Velocity pressure, qz:
2
Study
qz = 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V2
qz = 0.613 (0.6748) (1.0) (0.85) (77.78 m/s)2
qz = 2127.1120 Pa
Determining the pressure coefficient, CN from Figure 207E.8-2 of NSCP 2015
L = 16.7 m Mean roof height,h = 8.05m
Roof slope,  = 36.5° Purlin spacing = 0.95m
Truss spacing = 4.9m
Solving for a,
10% (L) = 0.10 (16.7m) = 1.67m 4% (L) = 0.04 (16.7m) = 0.67m
0.4h = 0.4 (8.05m) = 3.22m
Since 0.4h > 10% L > 4%L,
Use a = 1.67m
For purlins,
Solving for the effective area,
A = 1/3 (4.9m) (4.9m) = 8.00 m2
Table 1: Pressure Coefficients for Purlins
Effective
Area  Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1

>a2 30° 0.8 -1.8 0.8 -1.8 0.5 -1.2
4a2 36.5° 0.8 -1.8 0.8 -1.8 0.5 -1.2
45° 0.8 -1.8 0.8 -1.8 0.5 -1.2
3
Study
For truss,
Solving for the effective area,
A = (4.9m) (16.7m) = 81.83 m2
Table 1: Pressure Coefficients for Truss
Effective
Area  Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1

30° 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2
2
>4a 36.5° 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2
45° 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2 0.5 -1.2
Computing the design wind load (P) using equation 207E.8-1 of NSCP 2015
p = qz (GCn) (N/m2)
For Purlins,
At Zone 3,
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.8) = 1.446 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.8) = -3.254 KPa
p = 1.446 KPa (0.95m) = 1.374 KN/m
p = -3.254 KPa (0.95m) = -3.091 KN/m
At Zone 2,
4
Study
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.8) = 1.446 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.8) = -3.254 KPa
p = 1.446 KPa (0.95m) = 1.374 KN/m
p = -3.254 KPa (0.95m) = -3.091 KN/m
At Zone 1,
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa
p = 0.904 KPa (0.95m) = 0.8588 KN/m
p = -2.170 KPa (0.95m) = -2.062 KN/m
Table 3: Summary of the Design Wind Load for Purlins
Zone P P(0.95m)
3 1.446 KPa -3.254 KPa 1.374 KN/m -3.091 KN/m
2 1.446 KPa -3.254 KPa 1.374 KN/m -3.091 KN/m
1 0.904 KPa -2.170 KPa 0.859 KN/m -2.062 KN/m
For Truss,
At Zone 3,
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa
p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m
5
Study
p = -2.170 KPa (4.9m) = -10.633 KN/m
At Zone 2,
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa
p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m
p = -2.170 KPa (4.9m) = -10.633 KN/m
At Zone 1,
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa
p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa
p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m
p = -2.170 KPa (4.9m) = -10.633 KN/m
Table 3: Summary of the Design Wind Load for Trusss
Zone P P(4.9 m)
3 0.904 KPa -2.170 KPa 4.4296 KN/m -10.633 KN/m
2 0.904 KPa -2.170 KPa 4.4296 KN/m -10.633 KN/m
1 0.904 KPa -2.170 KPa 4.4296 KN/m -10.633 KN/m
5. Earthquake Loads
Occupancy Category - Category IV (Standard Occupancy Structures)
6
Study
Seismic Importance Factor, I=1.00
Seismic Importance Factor, Ip=1.00
Soil Profile Type - SD (Stiff Soil Profile)
Seismic Zone - Zone 4, Z=0.40
Seismic Source Type:
A- Faults that are capable of producing large magnitude events and that have a
high rate of seismic activity
Seismic Near Source Factor:
At distance to known seismic source < 5km,
Na=1.2
Using interpolation,
Nv = 2+ ( 4.9−2
5.2 )
(1.6-2)
Nv=1.6
Seismic Responds Coefficients:
At soil type SD and seismic zone 4,
Ca=0.44Na Cv=0.64Nv
Ca=0.528 Cv=1.024
Configuration Requirements - Regular Structure
Structural System Coefficient – Special Truss Moment Frames, R = 6.5
Dead Load Computation
Specifications:
Reinforced Concrete Column = 0.30m x 0.30m
7
Study
Baseplate = 0.24m x 0.24m x 0.01m
Weight of Roof Truss = Weight of L 3”x3”x1/4” + Weight of L 3”x3”x3/8”
= (0.022kN/m) (30.354m) (12) + (0.032kN/m) (40.236m) (12)
= 23.421 KN
Weight of Truss Column= Weight of L 3”x3”x1/2” + Weight of L 2”x2”x3/8”
= (0.042kN/m) (8.869m) (24) + (0.021kN/m) (6.82m) (24)
= 12.316 KN
Weight of Strut 1= Weight of L 2”x2”x1/4” + Weight of L 2”x2”x1/8”
= (0.014kN/m) (24.5m) (2) + (0.007kN/m) (38.16m) (2)
= 1.259 KN
Weight of Strut 2= Weight of L 2”x2”x1/8”
= (0.007kN/m) (58m) (4)
= 1.707 KN
Weight of Baseplate = (77.0085 kN/m3) (0.0576 m2) (0.01m) (12)
= 0.532 kN
Weight of Purlins = (4.784 kN/m2) (1.514 m2) (14)
= 101.402 kN
Weight of Roof Sheet = (0.1 kN/m2) (444.555 m2)
= 44.4555 kN
Total weight of the structure = 221.3797 KN
Structure Period
Ct = 0.0853
T = Ct (hn)3/4
8
Study
T = 0.0853 (5.4m)3/4
T = 0.3022 sec; T < 0.7 sec
Base Shear Computation
Cv I
Design Base Shear, V = W
RT
1.024(1)
V= (221.3797 KN)
6.5(0.3022 s)
V = 115.4064 KN
2.5C a I
Maximum Base Shear, Vmax = W
R
2.5(0.528)(1)
Vmax = (221.3797 KN)
6.5
Vmax = 44.9571 KN
0.8 ZN v I
Minimum Base Shear, Vmin = W
R
0.8(0.4)(1.6)(1)
Vmin = (221.3797 KN)
6.5
Vmin = 17.4379 KN
Vmin = 0.11CaIW
Vmin = 0.11 (0.528) (1) (221.3797 KN)
Vmin = 12.8577 KN
Since V > Vmax, use V = 44.9571 KN
Vertical Distribution Force Computation
Since T < 0.7s,
Ft = 0
9
Study
(V −Ft )W x h x
Fx = + Ft
∑W i hi
( 44.9571−0 ) (1,195.4505)
= +0
1,195.4505
= 44.9571 KN
Moment Computation
Mx = 44.9571 KN (5.4m) = 242.7684 KN.m
Table 4: Summary of the Design Seismic Load
Level, x hx (m) Wx (kN) Wxhx Fx (kN) Vx (kN) Mx (kN.m)

1 5.4 221.3797 1,195.4505 44.9571 44.9571 242.7684
Total 221.3797 1,195.4505 44.9571
Structural Design
This presents computation for critical sections of the Truss Frame. The critical
part is selected based on the maximum loading applied on each component.
The design criteria used for structural analysis is taken from 2015 National
Structural Code of the Philippines where modulus of elasticity of steel, E = 200,000 MPa,
∅ = 0.90 (LRFD), minimum yield stress of A-36 steel, F y = 250 MPa and minimum
tensile strength of A-36 steel, Fu = 400 MPa.
Presentation of Critical Truss Fame
Figure 1 shows the critical truss frame of the Covered Court as per the result of
the analysis done in STAAD.
10
Study
Figure 1. Critical Truss Frame of the Covered Court
The critical truss lied along grid 3 located at the middle part of the structure. The
sample detailed computation of the top chord truss frame is presented. For detailed
computation of all the member of the structure refer to Appendix A.
Inspection of Top Chord of the Critical Roof Truss (2-L3”x3x”1/4”)
2-L3”x3”x1/4” Properties:
A= 929.0304 mm2 Ix = 516 126.9677 mm4

d= 76.2 mm Sx = 9455.3359 mm3
b= 76.2 mm rx = 23.622 mm
t= 6.35 mm y= 21.3868 mm
Figure 2 shows the critical section of the top
chord. The red diagonal line represents the critical top
chord.
11
Study
Figure 2. Critical Section of the Top Chord
With the aid of the STAAD Pro, accurate values of design axial force are
obtained. The critical member has an axial force of 102.954 kN.
Computing the nominal axial load using ∅ = 0.90 (LRFD)
Pu 102.954
P n= = =114.3933 kN
∅ 0.90
Critical P = 114.3933 kN
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, L b = 950
mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r = 23.622 mm
KLb 1.00(950)
= =40.2167 kN
r ( 23.622)
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as:
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
√ 250
=133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
12
Study
40.2167 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
Since CC is greater than the slenderness ratio, then F = 0.658 Fe F wherein Fe
cr y
is given with the formula of:
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= = =1220.44125 MPa
KL b 2 ( 40.2167 )2
( )
r
250
F cr =( 0.658 1220.44125 ) 250=229.4588 MPa
To determine the area required the formula is given as follow:
Critical Axial Force 114 393.3

Arequired = = =498.5353 mm2
Fcr 229.4587818
Arequired ≤ A used
498.5353 mm 2 ≤ 929.0304 mm2
From the computation above, L3”x3”x1/4” high strength steel A-36 angle bars
were used as the top cord of the truss frame.
Inspection of Bottom Chord of the Critical Roof Truss (2-L3”x3x”1/4”)
13
Study
A= 929.0304 mm2 Ix = 516 126.9677 mm4

d= 76.2 mm Sx = 9455.3359 mm3
b= 76.2 mm rx = 23.622 mm
t= 6.35 mm y= 21.3868 mm
Figure 3 shows the critical section of the
bottom chord of the roof truss. The red diagonal line
represents the critical bottom chord.
Figure 3. Critical Section of the Bottom Chord
obtained. The critical member has an axial force of 138.558kN.
Pu 138.558
P n= = =153.9533 kN
∅ 0.90
To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as:
Critical Axial Force 152633

Required A g= = =678.3689mm 2
0.90 Fy 0.90 ( 250 )
Required A g ≤ Areaused
678.3689 mm2 ≤929.0304 mm2
To avoid fracture the required effective net area is computed as:

Required A e = = =513.1778 mm2
0.75 Fu 0.75 ( 400 )
14
Study
513.1778 mm2 ≤929.0304 mm2
were used as the bottom cord of the truss frame.
Inspection of Web Members of the Critical Roof Truss (2-L2”x2x”3/8”)
A= 877.4176 mm2 Ix = 199 374.8529 mm4

d= 50.8 mm Sx = 5 751.8595 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.0876 mm
t= 9.525 mm y= 16.1544 mm
Figure 4 shows the critical section of the web member of the roof truss. The red
diagonal line represents the critical web member.
Figure 4. Critical Web Member of the Roof Truss
Pu 66.208
P n= = =73.5644 kN
∅ 0.90
Design of Compression Members
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally
unbraced length of member, Lb = 1560 mm,
effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing
radius of gyration, r = 15.4686 mm
15
Study
KLb 1.00(1560)
= =103.396166 kN
r ( 15.0876 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
250√ =133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
103.396166 ≤ 133.22
Fy
(
cr y
)
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= = =184.637908 MPa
KL b 2 ( 103.396166 )2
( )r
250
( )
F cr = 0.658 184.637908 250=141.8461656 MPa
critical axial load 73564.44

Fcr 141.8461656
518.6213 mm2 ≤877.4176 mm2
Design of Tension Members
To prevent yielding the required gross area is computed as:

Required A g= = =326.9531mm2
0.90 Fy 0.90 ( 250 )
16
Study
326.9531 mm2 ≤ 877.4176 mm2
To avoid fracture the required effective net area is computed as:

Required A e = = =245. 2148 mm2
0.75 Fu 0.75 ( 400 )
245. 2148 mm2 ≤ 877.4176 mm2
were used as the web members of the truss frame.
Design of Welded Connections of Roof Truss Web Members
Computing the length of side fillet welds using Pmax = 73.5644 kN
Pmax = 73.5644 kN
tf = 3/8 in = 9.525 mm > 6 mm
Therefore, use tweld = tf – 1.6mm = 9.525mm -1.6mm = 7.925mm
tweld = 7.925 mm
q = 103t N/mm (for weld, E-70 electrodes)

q = 103 (7.925 mm) = 816.275 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(50.8mm) P2 = 73.5644 kN (16.1544 mm)
P2 = 23.39346 KN
∑ F=0
P = P 1 + P2
P1 = 73.5644 kN – 23.39346 kN
P1 = 50.17094 kN
P 1 50.17094 ( 1000 ) N
L1 = = = 61.46 mm  62mm
q 816.275 N /mm
P 2 23.39346 (1000 ) N
L2 = = = 28.66 mm  29mm
q 816.275 N /mm
Inspection of Critical Section of Vertical Truss Column (2-L3”x3x”1/2”)
17
Study
A= 1 774.19 mm2 Ix = 924 033.7648 mm4

d= 76.2 mm Sx = 17 534.15848 mm3
b= 76.2 mm rx = 22.8092mm
t= 12.7 mm y= 23.6728 mm
Figure 5 shows the critical section of the vertical column truss. The red diagonal
line represents the critical member.
Figure 5. Critical Member of the Vertical
Column Truss
With the aid of the STAAD Pro, accurate
values of design axial force are obtained. The
critical member has an axial force of 225. 998 kN.
Pu 225.998
P n= = =251.1089 kN
∅ 0.90
mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r = 31.242 mm
KLb 1.00(800)
= =35.0736 kN
r (22.8092 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
√250
=133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
18
Study
35.0736 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= = =1604.608364 MPa
KL b 2 ( 35.0736 )2
( )
r
250
F cr =( 0.658 1 604.608364 ) 250=234.217518 MPa
To determine the area required the formula is
given as follow:
critical axial load 251 109

Arequired = = =1 054.895 mm2
Fcr 238.0417
1 054.895 mm2 ≤ 1774.19 mm 2
From the computation above, L3”x3”x 1/2” high strength steel A-36 angle bars
were used on the column.
Inspection of Critical Section of Vertical Column Truss (2-L2”x2x”3/8”)
A= 877.4176 mm2 Ix = 199 374.8529 mm4
19
Study
d= 50.8 mm Sx = 5 751.8595 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.0876 mm
t= 9.525 mm y= 16.1544 mm
Figure 6 shows the critical section of the web member of the roof truss. The red
diagonal line represents the critical web member.
Figure 6. Critical Web Member of the Column
Pu 141.632
P n= = =157.3689 kN
∅ 0.90
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally unbraced length of member, Lb = 1
060 mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r =
15.4686 mm
20
Study
KLb 1.00(1 060)
= =70.2564 kN
r ( 15.0876 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
√250
=133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
70.2564 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= = =400 MPa
KL b 2 ( 70.2564 )2
( )r
250
( )
F cr = 0.658 400 250=192.4559 MPa
critical axial load 157 368.9

Arequired = = =817.68810 mm2
Fcr 192.4559
817.688103 mm2 ≤877.4176 mm 2
were used on the web members of column.
Design of Welded Connections of Vertical Column Web Members
Pmax = 157.3689 kN
21
Study
tf = 3/8 in = 9.525 mm > 6 mm
Therefore, use tweld = tf – 1.6mm = 9.525mm -1.6mm = 7.925mm
tweld = 7.925 mm

q = 103 (7.925 mm) = 816.275 N/mm
P3 = qL3 = 816.275 N/mm (50.8mm) = 41.46677 kN

∑ MP 1=0
(50.8mm) P2 = 157.3689 kN (16.1544 mm) – 41.46677 kN(25.4mm)
P2 = 29.30993 KN
∑ F=0
P = P1 + P2 + P3
P1 = 157.3689kN – 41.46677 kN – 29.30993 kN
P1 = 86.5922 kN
P 1 86.5922 ( 1000 ) N
L1 = = = 106.08 mm  107mm
q 816.275 N /mm
P 2 29.30993 ( 1000 ) N
L2 = = = 35.91 mm  36mm
q 816.275 N /mm
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut (2-L2”x2x”1/4”)
A= 605.16008 mm2 Ix = 144 848.5361 mm4

d= 50.8 mm Sx = 4 047.604808 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.4686 mm
t= 6.35 mm y= 15.068 mm
strut. The red horizontal line represents the critical
strut member.
Figure 7. Critical Strut Member
obtained. The critical member has an axial force of 14. 689 kN.
22
Study
Pu 14.689
P n= = =16.3211 kN
∅ 0.90
mm, effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing radius of gyration, r = 15.4686
mm
KLb 1.00(610)
= =39.4347 kN
r ( 15.4686 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
250√ =133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
39.4347 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= = =1269.32 MPa
KL b 2 ( 39.4347 )2
( )
r
250
F cr =( 0.658 1 269.32 ) 250=230.21761 MPa

Arequired = = =63.80485mm 2
Fcr 230.21761
23
Study
63.80485 mm2 ≤605.16008 mm2
were used on the web members of the roof truss.
A= 312.25744 mm2 Ix = 79 500.20229 mm4

d= 50.8 mm Sx = 2 146.71 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.9004 mm
t= 3.175 mm y= 13.8684mm
Figure 8 shows the critical section of the strut. The red diagonal line represents
the critical strut member.
obtained. The critical web member has an axial force of 6.129 kN.
Pu 6.129
P n= = =6.81 kN
∅ 0.90
Computing slenderness ratio using laterally
unbraced length of member, Lb = 1 010 mm,
effective length factor, K = 1.0, and the governing
radius of gyration, r = 15.9004 mm
24
Study
KLb 1.00(1 010)
= =63.5204 kN
r ( 15.9004 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
250√ =133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
63.5204 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= =
KL b 2 ¿¿
( )r
250
( )
F cr = 0.658 489.2190 250=201.860 MPa

Fcr 201.860
33.73625 mm2 ≤312.25744 mm 2
were used on the strut.
25
Study
Inspection of Critical Section of Strut (2-
L2”x2x”1/8”)
A= 312.25744 mm2 Ix = 79 500.20229 mm4

d= 50.8 mm Sx = 2 146.71 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.9004 mm
t= 3.175 mm y= 13.8684mm
Figure 9 shows the critical section of the strut. The red diagonal line represents
the critical strut member.
Pu 11.168
P n= = =12.4089 kN
∅ 0.90
26
Study
mm
KLb 1.00(610)
= =38.3638 kN
r ( 15.9004 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
250 √=133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
38.3638≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= =
KL b 2 ¿¿
( )
r
250
F cr =( 0.658 1 341.1783 ) 250=231.2367 MPa

Fcr 231.2367
53.6636 mm2 ≤312.25744 mm 2
27
Study
A= 312.25744 mm2 Ix = 79 500.20229 mm4

d= 50.8 mm Sx = 2 146.71 mm3
b= 50.8 mm rx = 15.9004 mm
t= 3.175 mm y= 13.8684mm
strut. The red horizontal line represents the critical
strut member.
Pu 4.488
P n= = =4.9867 kN
∅ 0.90
28
Study
mm
KLb 1.00(860)
= =54.0867 kN
r ( 15.9004 )
E 200000
Cc=4.71
√ Fy
=4.71
250√ =133.22
KLb E
r
≤ 4.71
Fy √
54.0867 ≤ 133.22
Fy
( )
cr y
π2 E π 2 200000
F e= =
KL b 2 ¿¿
( )
r
250
F cr =( 0.658 674.7591 ) 250=214.0880 MPa
critical axial load 4 986.7

Fcr 214.0880
23.2928 mm2 ≤312.25744 mm 2
29
Study
Design of Welded Connections of Strut Web Members
Pmax = 6.82 kN
tf = 1/8 in = 3.175 mm < 6 mm
Therefore, use tweld = tf = 3.175mm

q = 103 (3.175 mm) = 327.025 N/mm
∑ MP 1=0
(50.8mm) P2 = 6.82 kN (13.8684 mm)
P2 = 1.86186 KN
∑ F=0
P = P 1 + P2
P1 = 6.82kN – 1.86186 kN
P1 = 4.95814 kN
P 1 4.95814 ( 1000 ) N
L1 = = = 15.16 mm  16mm
q 327.025 N /mm
P 2 1.86186 ( 1000 ) N
L2 = = = 5.69 mm  6mm
q 327.025 N /mm
Design of Base Plate
Base Plate Dimensions:
Depth = 240 mm
30
Study
Width = 240 mm
Truss Column Details:
Depth = 152.4 mm
Width = 152.4 mm
obtained. The maximum axial load that the column will carry is 91.671 kN.
Pu 91.671
P n= = =101.8567 kN
∅ 0.90
Computing the minimum required area of the base plate,
Using fp = 0.35fc’; where fc’ = 28 MPa
fp = 0.35(28 MPa)
fp = 9.8 MPa
P
A=
fp
101.8567 x 103 N
A=
9.8 x 106 N /m 2
A = 10,393.54082 mm2
Assume 240mm by 240mm base plate;
A = 57,600 mm2
10,393.54082 mm2 < 57,600 mm2
Computing the minimum required area of the base plate,
31
Study
Solving m: Solving n:
2m + 0.95d = 240mm 2n + 0.80bf = 240mm
2m + 0.95(152.4mm) = 240mm 2n + 0.80(152.4mm) = 240mm
m = 47.61mm n = 59.04mm
Use n = 59.04mm
Fp < 0.35fc’
101.8567 x 103 N
Fp =
( 240 x 240 ) mm2
Fp = 1.76835 Mpa < 9.8 Mpa
Therefore, use Fp = 1.59151 Mpa
Fp 1.76835 MPa
t = 2m
√ Fy
= 2(59.04mm)
√ 248 MPa
= 9.97mm
From the computation above, a 10mm thick base plate is adopted.
Design of Bolted Connection of Base Plate
Bolt Details:
Bolts (A325 Threaded)
F y =248 MPa
F u=415 MPa
d b =28 mm
Computing the required number of bolts with P=101.8567 kN
32
Study
For Shear :
Pv = A v F v
F v =0.4 F y =0.4 ( 248 )=99.2 MPa
(28 mm)2 π
101.8567 ×10 = 3
(
4 )
( n )( 99.2 MPa )
n=1.67 say 2 bolts
Bearing on Contact Area:
P b= A b F b
F b=1.2 F u=1.2 ( 415 MPa )=498 MPa
101.8567 ×103 =( 28 mm )( 10 mm )( n )( 498 MPa )
n=0.73 say 1 bolt
For the bolted connections, the proponents used four bolts which is the suggested
minimum number for any base plate.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Column
Column Dimensions:
Thickness = 300 mm
Width = 300 mm
obtained. The maximum load that the column will carry is
Pu = 91.671 kN + weight of base plate
Pu = 91.671(1000)N + (7850 kg/m3) (9.81m/s2) (0.24m x 0.24m) (0.010m)
33
Study
Pu = 91715.4 N or 91.7154 kN
Computing the minimum required gross area of the column, ϕ = 0.65, and As is
the area of steel which is assumed to be 1% of the area of concrete (Ag), Fy = 420 Mpa
and f’c =28 Mpa
'
Pu = 0.8ϕ [ 0.85 f c ( A g− A s ) + A s fy ]
91.7154 x 103 = 0.8(0.65)¿
Ag = 6353.13627 mm2
Assume 300mm by 300mm column;
Ag = 90000 mm2
6353.13627 mm2 < 90000 mm2
From the computation above, column dimension is above minimum required
gross section.
Using 20mm bars, the number of reinforcement needed is,
2
d 2 (16 mm)
Ad = = = 201.06193mm2
4 4
As = 0.01(90,000mm2) = 900mm2
As 900 mm2
N= = = 4.48
A d 201.06193 mm2
For the columns, six reinforcement bars are used.
Computing the spacing of 10 mm diameter size of ties,
34
Study
a. 16 db = 16(16mm) = 256mm
b. 48 dt = 48(10mm) = 480mm
c. least lateral column dimension = 300mm
From the computation above, spacing of ties is 256mm.
Computing the maximum column capacity,
'
Pmax = 0.8ϕ [ 0.85 f c ( A g− A s ) + A s fy ]
Pmax = 0.8(0.65) [ 0.85 (28) ( 90,000−6( 201.06193mm 2) ) + 420(6(201.06193mm 2)) ]
Pmax = 1362.38096 kN
1362.38096 kN > 91.7154 kN
Pmax > Pu
From the computation above, it is shown that the column is capable to carry the
axial load.
35
Study
Figure 8. Column Details
Design of Column Footing
With the aid of the STAAD Pro, accurate values of design axial force and
moment are obtained. The foundation will carry an axial force of 99.137 kN and moment
of 186.003 kN.m.
Pu 99.137
P n= = =110.1522 kN
∅ 0.90
Computing the nominal moment using ∅ = 0.90 (LRFD)
M u 186.003
M n= = =206.67 kN . m
∅ 0.90
With allowable bearing capacity of soil (qa) = 300 kN/m2, a soil height of 2m,
concrete unit weight (γc) = 24 kN/m3 and soil unit weight (γs) = 18 kN/m3 and assuming a
foundation thickness (h) = 300mm, the effective soil bearing capacity,
qe = qa – (h x γc) – (soil height x γs)
qe = 300 kN/m2 – (0.3m)(24kN/m3) – (2m)(18kN/m3)
qe = 256.8 kN/m2
Computing the dimension of the square footing
36
Study
−P n 6 M n
qe = - 3
B2 B
−110.1522 6(206.67)
-256.8 kN/m2 = -
B2 B3
B = 1.77m, say 1.80m
Depth required for wide beam shear:
Pu
qu =
B2
99.137 kN
qu =
(1.8 m)2
qu = 30.5978 kPa
Vu = qu (A1)
Vu = 0.03059 Pa (1800mm)(750-d)
37
Study
Vu = 55.07766(1800mm)(750-d)
1 ' 1
Vc = 6 λ√ f cbd = = 6 (√ 28 MPa )(1800mm)(d)
Vc = 1587.45d
Vu = ϕVc
55.07766(750-d) = 0.75(1587.45d)
d = 33.16 say 35mm
Total Depth
Hconcrete = d + 1.5db + 75
Hconcrete = 33mm + 1.5(20mm) + 75mm = 138mm
300mm (assume) > 138mm OK!
Depth required for punching shear:
38
Study
Bo = 4(300 + d)
Vu = qu (A2)
Vu = 0.03059 Pa [(1800mm)2 - (3000 + d)2
1 ' 1
Vc = 3 √ f c bod = = 3 (√ 28 MPa )[ 4(300 + d) (d)]
Vc = 7.055[4(300 + d)(d)]
Vu = ϕVc
0.03059 Pa [(1800mm)2 - (3000 + d)2] = (0.75)(7.055)(300 + d)(d)
d = 51.29 say 53mm
Total Depth
Hconcrete = d + 1.5db + 75
Hconcrete = 53mm + 1.5(20mm) + 75mm = 158mm
300mm (assume) > 158mm OK!
Steel Area, As and the required number, N, of bars

d = 300 mm+ 1.5(20mm) = 330 mm
Mu = qu(bw)(x2/2) = 30.5978 kPa(1.8)(0.752/2)
Mu = 15.49 kN – m
Mu = ϕRn bd2
15.49x106 = (0.90) Rn (1800) (330)2
Rn = 0.08780 MPa
0.85 f ' c
ρ=
fy [ √
1− 1−
2 Rn
']
0.85 f c
=
0.85(28)
420 [ √
1− 1−
2(0.08780)
0.85 (28) ]
= 0.00021
39
Study
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.0033 > ρ
fy 420
Use ρ = 0.0033
As = ρbd = 0.0033 x 1800 x 330= 1960.2 mm2
Using 20 mm reinforcing bar
1960.2
N= π = 6.24 ≈ 7pcs. (both ways)
(20)2
4
Adopt: 1800 mm x 1800 mm footing

7 - 20mm ∅bars (bothways)
Figure 9. Foundation Details
40

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project are the following:

Weight of Corrugated Roofing Sheet 0.1 kPa

Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015).

3. Roof Live Loads

Occupancy Category IV: Standard Occupancy Structures

Basic Wind speed V = 280 kph = 77.78 m/s

Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85

Gust effect factor, G or Gf = 0.85

Enclosure Classification: Open Building

Internal pressure coefficient, GCpi:

The velocity factor coefficient, Kh or Kz

For roofs with  > 10°,

h= ( eave height+2ridge height ) = ( 7.1 m+9

where x = velocity factor coefficient

y = height above ground level

Velocity pressure, qz:

qz = 0.613 (0.6748) (1.0) (0.85) (77.78 m/s)2

Determining the pressure coefficient, CN from Figure 207E.8-2 of NSCP 2015

L = 16.7 m Mean roof height,h = 8.05m

Roof slope,  = 36.5° Purlin spacing = 0.95m

Truss spacing = 4.9m

10% (L) = 0.10 (16.7m) = 1.67m 4% (L) = 0.04 (16.7m) = 0.67m

0.4h = 0.4 (8.05m) = 3.22m

Since 0.4h > 10% L > 4%L,

Solving for the effective area,

A = 1/3 (4.9m) (4.9m) = 8.00 m2

Table 1: Pressure Coefficients for Purlins

Area  Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1

Solving for the effective area,

A = (4.9m) (16.7m) = 81.83 m2

Table 1: Pressure Coefficients for Truss

Area  Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.8) = 1.446 KPa

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.8) = -3.254 KPa

p = 1.446 KPa (0.95m) = 1.374 KN/m

p = -3.254 KPa (0.95m) = -3.091 KN/m

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.8) = -3.254 KPa

p = 1.446 KPa (0.95m) = 1.374 KN/m

p = -3.254 KPa (0.95m) = -3.091 KN/m

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa

p = 0.904 KPa (0.95m) = 0.8588 KN/m

p = -2.170 KPa (0.95m) = -2.062 KN/m

Table 3: Summary of the Design Wind Load for Purlins

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa

p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa

p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m

p = -2.170 KPa (4.9m) = -10.633 KN/m

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (0.5) = 0.904 KPa

p = 2127.1120 Pa (0.85) (-1.2) = -2.170 KPa

p = 0.904 KPa (4.9m) = 4.4296 KN/m

p = -2.170 KPa (4.9m) = -10.633 KN/m

Table 3: Summary of the Design Wind Load for Trusss

Occupancy Category - Category IV (Standard Occupancy Structures)

Seismic Importance Factor, Ip=1.00

Soil Profile Type - SD (Stiff Soil Profile)

Seismic Zone - Zone 4, Z=0.40

Seismic Source Type:

high rate of seismic activity