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•2–1. If u = 30° and T = 6 kN, determine the magnitude y

T
of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt and its direction
measured clockwise from the positive x axis. u
x
45
8 kN
The parallelogram law of addition and the triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b, respectively.
Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,
FR = 62 + 82 – 2(6)(8) cos 75°

= 8.669 kN = 8.67 kN Ans
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b and using this result, yields
sin a sin 75°
= a = 63.05°
8 8.669
Thus, the direction angle f of FR measured clockwise from the positive x axis is
f = a – 60° = 63.05° – 60° = 3.05° Ans
77
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2–2. If u = 60° and T = 5 kN, determine the magnitude y

T
of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt and its direction
measured clockwise from the positive x axis. u
x
45
8 kN
FR = 52 + 82 – 2(5)(8) cos 105°

= 10.47 kN = 10.5 kN Ans
sin a sin 105°
= a = 47.54°
8 10.47
f = a – 30° = 47.54° – 30° = 17.5° Ans
88
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2–3. If the magnitude of the resultant force is to be 9 kN y

T
directed along the positive x axis, determine the magnitude of
force T acting on the eyebolt and its angle u. u
x
45
8 kN
T= 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) cos 45°

= 6.571 kN = 6.57 kN Ans
sin (90° – u) sin 45°
=
8 6.571
u = 30.6° Ans
99
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*2–4. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force F2 150 N

lb
v
acting on the bracket and its direction measured
counterclockwise from the positive u axis.
30
30
u
45
F1 200 N
lb
FR = 2002 + 1502 – 2(200)(150) cos 75°

N = 217 NN
= 216.72 N Ans
sin a sin 75°
= a = 63.05°
200 216.72
f = a – 60° = 63.05° – 60° = 3.05° Ans
N N
1010
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•2–5. Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes, F2 N

150 lb
v
and determine the magnitudes of these components.
30
30
u
45
F1 200 N
lb
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields

Fu 200
= Fu = 386 N Ans
sin 105° sin 30°
Fv 200
= Fv = 283 N Ans
sin 45° sin 30°
1111
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2–6. Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes, v

F2 150 N
lb
30
30
u
45
F1 200 N
lb
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b,

Fu 150
= Fu = 150 N Ans
sin 30° sin 30°
Fv 150
= Fv = 260 N Ans
sin 120° sin 30°
1212
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No portionofof
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2–7. IfIf FFB == 22kN

2–7. and the
kN and the resultant
resultant force
force acts
acts along
along the
the yy
B
positive uu axis,
positive axis, determine
determine the
the magnitude
magnitude of of the
the resultant
resultant
forceand
force andthetheangle
angleuu..
FFAA �33kN
kN
xx
AA
30�
uu 30
BB
uu
FFBB
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields
sin f sin 30°

= f = 48.59°
3 2
Thus,
u = 30° + f = 30° + 48.59° = 78.59° = 78.6° Ans
With the result u = 78.590, applying the law of sines to Fig. b again, yields
FR 2
= FR = 3.92 kN Ans
sin (180° – 78.59°) sin 30°
13
1313
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*2–8. If the resultant force is required to act along the y

positive u axis and have a magnitude of 5 kN, determine the
required magnitude of FB and its direction u.
FA 3 kN
x
A
u 30
B
u
FB
FB = 32 + 52 – 2(3)(5) cos 30°

= 2.832 kN = 2.83 kN Ans
Using this result and realizing that sin (180° – u) = sin u, the application of
the sine law to Fig. b, yields
sin u sin 30°

= u = 62.0° Ans
5 2.832
1414
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•2–9. The plate is subjected to the two forces at A and B FA 8 kN

as shown. If u = 60°, determine the magnitude of the
resultant of these two forces and its direction measured u
clockwise from the horizontal. A
40
B
FB 6 kN
Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is shown in

Fig. (a).
Trigonometry : Using law of cosines [Fig. (b)], we have
FR = 82 + 62 – 2(8)(6) cos 100°

= 10.80 kN = 10.8 kN Ans
The angleu can be determined using law of sines [Fig. (b)].

sin u sin 100°
=
6 10.80
sin u = 0.5470
u = 33.16°
Thus, the direction f of FR measured from the x axis is
f = 33.16° – 30° = 3.16° Ans
1515
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2–10. Determine the angle of u for connecting member A FA 8 kN

to the plate so that the resultant force of FA and FB is
directed horizontally to the right.Also, what is the magnitude u
of the resultant force? A
40
B
FB 6 kN
Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is shown in

Fig. (a).
Trigonometry : Using law of sines [Fig. (b)], we have
sin (90° – u) sin 50°

=
6 8
sin (90° – u) = 0.5745
u = 54.93° = 54.9° Ans
From the triangle, u = 180° – (90° – 54.93°) – 50° = 94.93°. Thus, using
law of cosines, the magnitude of FR is
FR = 82 + 62 – 2(8)(6) cos 94.93°

= 10.4 kN Ans
2–11. If the tension in the cable is 400 N, determine the y

400 N
magnitude and direction of the resultant force acting on
the pulley. This angle is the same angle u of line AB on the 30
tailboard block.
u
x
B
400 N
A
FR = (400)2 + (400)2 – 2(400)(400) cos 60° = 400 N Ans
sin u sin 60°

= ; u = 60° Ans
400 400
1616
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*2–12. The device is used for surgical replacement of the y¿ y

knee joint. If the force acting along the leg is 360 N,
determine its components along the x and y ¿ axes. 10
x¿
x
60
360 N
–Fx 360
= ; Fx = –125 N Ans
sin 20° sin 100°
Fy 360
= ; Fy = 317 N Ans
sin 60° sin 100°
1717
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•2–13. The device is used for surgical replacement of the y¿ y

knee joint. If the force acting along the leg is 360 N,
determine its components along the x ¿ and y axes. 10
x¿
x
60
360 N
–Fx 360
= ; Fx = –183 N Ans
sin 30° sin 80°
Fy 360
= ; Fy = 344 N Ans
sin 70° sin 80°
1818
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2–14. Determine thethe design

design angle (0° … u … 90°)
angle u(0° 90°) for 400Nlb A
800
strut AB so that the 400-lb
800-N horizontal force has a u
component of
of 500 lb N
1000 directed
directedfrom A towards
from C. What
A towards is the
C. What is
component of of
the component force acting
force actingalong
alongmember
member AB?AB? Take f B
f = 40°.
40°.
Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is

shown in Fig. (a).
sin sin 40°

=
1000 800 800 N
sin = 0.8035
= 53.46° = 53.5° Ans
Thus, = 180° – 40° – 53.46° = 86.54°

1000 N
Using law of sines [Fig. (b)]
FAB 800
= 1000 N
sin 86.54° sin 40°
FAC = 1242 N Ans

800 N
2–15. Determine
Determine thethedesign
designangle
angle (0°
f (0° … f … 90°) 400 N
800 lb A
between struts AB and AC so that the 800 N horizontal
400-lb u
force has
has aacomponent
componentofof 6001200 N which
lb which acts
acts up to up
the to
left,the
in
left, in the
the same same direction
direction as from B as from A.
towards towards
B Take A. .Take
u = 30° B
f
30°.
C
shown in Fig. (a).
Trigonometry : Using law of cosines [Fig. (b)], we have

1200 N
FAC = 800 2 + 1200 2 – 2(800)(1200) cos 30°

= 645.93 N
800 N
The angle can be determined using law of sines [Fig. (b)].
sin sin 30°

=
800 645.93
1200 N
sin = 0.6193
= 38.3° Ans
800 N
1919
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*2–16. Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes v

F1 250 N
F2 150 N 30 u
30
105
Sine law :
F1v 250
= F1v = 129 N Ans
sin 30° sin 105°
F1u 250
= F1u = 183 N Ans
sin 45° sin 105°
•2–17. Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes v

F1 250 N
F2 150 N 30 u
30
105
Sine law :
F2v 150
= F2v = 77.6 N Ans
sin 30° sin 75°
F2u 150
= F2u = 150 N Ans
sin 75° sin 75°
2020
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2–18. The truck is to be towed using two ropes. Determine y

the magnitudes of forces FA and FB acting on each rope in
order to develop a resultant force of 950 N directed along
the positive x axis. Set u = 50°.
FA
A
20°
x
u
B
FB

shown in Fig. (a).
FA 950
=
sin 50° sin 110°
FA = 774 N Ans
FB 950
=
sin 20° sin 110°
FB = 346 N Ans
2–19. The truck is to be towed using two ropes. If the y

resultant force is to be 950 N, directed along the positive x
axis, determine the magnitudes of forces FA and FB acting
on each rope and the angle u of FB so that the magnitude of
FB is a minimum. FA acts at 20° from the x axis as shown.
FA
A
20°
x
u
B
FB
Parallelogram Law : In order to produce a minimum force FB, FB has

to act perpendicular to FA. The parallelogram law of addition is
shown in Fig. (a).
Trigonometry : Fig. (b).
FB = 950 sin 20° = 325 N Ans
FA = 950 cos 20° = 893 N Ans
The angle u is
u = 90° – 20° = 70.0° Ans
2121
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*2–20. If f = 45°, F1 = 5 kN, and the resultant force is x

F1
6 kN directed along the positive y axis, determine the required
magnitude of F2 and its direction u. y
F2
60
The parallelogram law of addition and the triangular rule are shown in
Figs. a and b, respectively.
F2 = 62 + 52 – 2(6)(5) cos 45°

= 4.310 kN = 4.31 kN Ans
Using this result and applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields
sin u sin 45° u = 55.1° Ans

=
5 4.310
2222
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•2–21. If f = 30° and the resultant force is to be 6 kN x

F1
directed along the positive y axis, determine the magnitudes of
F1 and F2 and the angle u if F2 is required to be a minimum. y
F2
60
For F2 to be minimum, it has to be directed perpendicular to FR.

The parallelogram law of addition and triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b, respectively.
By applying simple trigonometry to Fig. b,
F1 = 6 cos 30° = 5.20 kN Ans

F2 = 6 sin 30° = 3 kN Ans
and
u = 90° – 30° = 60° Ans
2323
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2–22. If f = 30°, F1 = 5 kN, and the resultant force is to x

F1
be directed along the positive y axis, determine the
magnitude of the resultant force if F2 is to be a minimum. y
Also, what is F2 and the angle u?
f
F2
60
Parallelogram Law and Triangular Rule: The parallelogram law of addition and
triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b, respectively.
For F2 to be minimum, it must be directed perpendicular to the resultant force. Thus,
u = 90° Ans
By applying simple trigonometry to Fig. b,
F2 = 5 sin 30° = 2.50 kN Ans

FR = 5 cos 30° = 4.33 kN Ans
2424
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2–23. If u = 30° and F2 = 6 kN, determine the magnitude y

of the resultant force acting on the plate and its direction
F3 5 kN
measured clockwise from the positive x axis.
F2
Parallelogram law and Triangular Rule: This problem can be solved by adding the forces
successively, using the parallelogram law of addition, shown in Fig. a. Two triangular
force diagrams, shown in Figs. b and c, can be derived from the parallelogram.
u
Determination of Unknowns: Referring to Fig. b, F� and a can be determined
as follows. F1 4 kN
x
F� = 42 + 52 = 6.403 kN
5
tan a = a = 51.34°
4
Using the results for F� and a and referring to Fig. c, FR and b can be determined.
FR = 62 + 6.4032 – 2(6)(6.403) cos (51.34° + 30°)

= 8.09 kN Ans
sin b sin (51.34° + 30°) b = 47.16°

=
6 8.089
Thus, the direction angle f of FR , measured clockwise from the positive x axis, is
f = a + b = 51.34° + 47.16° = 98.5° Ans
2525
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*2–24. If the resultant force FR is directed along a y

line measured 75° clockwise from the positive x axis and F3 5 kN
the magnitude of F2 is to be a minimum, determine the
magnitudes of FR and F2 and the angle u … 90°.
F2
F1 4 kN
x
This problem can be solved by adding the forces successively, using the parallelogram
law of addition, shown in Fig. a. Two triangular force diagrams, shown in Figs. b
and c, can be derived from the parallelograms.
For F1 to be minimum, it must be perpendicular to the resultant force’s line
of action. Thus,
u = 90° – 75° = 15° Ans
Referring to Fig. b, F� and a can be determined.
F� = 42 + 52 = 6.403 kN
tan a = 5 a = 51.34°
4
Using the results for u, a, and F�, FR and F2 can be determined by referring to Fig. c.
F2 = 6.403 cos (15° + 51.43°) = 2.57 kN Ans

FR = 6.403 sin (15° + 51.43°) = 5.86 kN Ans
2626
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•2–25. Two forces F1 and F2 act on the screw eye. If their F1

lines of action are at an angle u apart and the magnitude
of each force is F1 = F2 = F, determine the magnitude of
the resultant force FR and the angle between FR and F1.
F2
F F
=
sin f sin (u – f)
sin (u – f) = sin f
u–f=f
u
f= Ans
2
FR = (F)2 + (F)2 – 2(F)(F) cos (180° – u)
Since cos (180° – u) = –cos u
FR = F( 2) 1 + cos u
u 1 + cos u
Since cos ( ) =
2 2
Then
u Ans
FR = 2F cos ( )
2
2727
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2–26. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force

*2–26. y
F1 150lbN
30
acting on the pin and its direction measured clockwise from
the positive x axis.
45
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, and F3 x
15
can be written as
F2 40
200lbN
(F1)x = 150 cos 45° = 106.07 N (F1)y = 150 sin 45° = 106.07 N
15
(F2)x = 200 cos 15° = 193.19 N (F2)y = 200 sin 15° = 51.76 N
F3 125
25 lbN
(F3)x = 125 sin 15° = 32.35 N (F3)y = 125 cos 15° = 120.74 N
Resultant Force: Summing the force components algebraically along the x and y axes,
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; (FR)x = 106.07 + 193.19 + 32.35 = 331.61 N →
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; (FR)y = 106.07 – 51.76 – 120.74 = –13.29 N = –66.43 N ↓
The magnitude of the resultant force FR is
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 = (331.61) 2 + (–66.43) 2 = 338.2 N Ans
The direction angle of FR, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, is
⎡ (FR ) y ⎤ ⎛ 66.43 ⎞
= tan–1 ⎢ ⎥ = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ = 11.3° Ans
⎢⎣ (FR ) x ⎥⎦ ⎝ 331.61 ⎠
150 N
331.61 N
200 N
66.43 N
125 N
3328
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•2–33. If F1 = 600 N and f = 30°, determine the

•2–27. y
magnitude of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt and
its direction measured clockwise from the positive x axis. F1
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of each force can be
f
written as
x
(F1)x = 600 cos 30° = 519.62 N (F1)y = 600 sin 30° = 300 N 60
(F2)x = 500 cos 60° = 250 N (F2)y = 500 sin 60° = 433.0 N
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞ 5 4
(F3)x = 450 ⎜ ⎟ = 270 N (F3)y = 450 ⎜ ⎟ = 360 N
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ 3
F2 500 N
F3 450 N
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; (FR)x = 519.62 + 250 – 270 = 499.62 N →
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; (FR)y = 300 – 433.01 – 360 = –493.01 N = 493.01 N ↓
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 = 499.622 + 493.012 = 701.91 N = 702 N Ans
The direction angle of FR, Fig. b, measured clockwise from the x axis, is
⎡ (FR ) y ⎤ ⎛ 493.01⎞
= tan–1 ⎢ ⎥ = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ = 44.6° Ans
(F )
⎢⎣ R x ⎥⎦ ⎝ 499.62 ⎠
2934
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*2–28.
2–28. If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on y
the eyebolt is 600 N and its direction measured clockwise
from the positive x axis is u = 30°, determine the magni-
tude of F and the angle f. F1
1
Rectangular components: By referring to Figs. a and b, the x and y components of f

x
F1, F2, F3, and FR can be written as
60
(F1)x = F1 cos f (F1)y = F1 sin f
(F2)x = 500 cos 60° = 250 N (F2)y = 500 sin 60° = 433.01 N 5 4
3 4 3
F2 500 N
(F3)x = 450   = 270 N (F3)y = 450   = 360 N
5 5 F3 450 N
(FR)x = 600 cos 30° = 519.62 N (FR)y = 600 sin 30° = 300 N
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; 519.62 = F1 cos f + 250 – 270
F1 cos f = 539.62 (1)
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; –300 = F1 sin f – 433.01 – 360
F1 sin f = 493.01 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), yields
f = 42.4° F1 = 731 N Ans
35
30
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2–29. The contact point between the femur and tibia y

bones of the leg is at A. If a vertical force of 875 N is applied 875 N
at this point, determine the components along the x and y
axes. Note that the y component represents the normal
force on the load-bearing region of the bones. Both the x
and y components of this force cause synovial fluid to be
squeezed out of the bearing space.
A
12
5
13
x
5 
Fx = 875   = 336.5 N Ans
13 
 12 
Fy = –875   = –807.7 N Ans
 13 
875 N
875 N
36
31
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2–30.
*2–36. If f = 30° and F2 = 3 kN, determine the magnitude y F1 4 kN
of the resultant force acting on the plate and its direction u
measured clockwise from the positive x axis. 30 F2
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of

F1, F2, and F3 can be written as f
x
(F1)x = 4 sin 30° = 2 kN (F1)y = 4 cos 30° = 3.464 kN
(F2)x = 3 cos 30° = 2.598 kN (F2)y = 3 sin 30° = 1.50 kN
 4   3 
(F3)x = 5   = 4 kN (F3)y = 5   = 3 kN 5
 5   5  3
F3 5 kN
4
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; (FR)x = –2 + 2.598 + 4 = 4.598 kN →
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; (FR)y = –3.464 + 1.50 – 3 = –4.964 kN = 4.964 kN ↓
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 = 4.5982 + 4.9642 = 6.77 kN Ans
The direction angle of FR, Fig. b, measured clockwise from the x axis, is
⎡ (FR ) y ⎤  4.964 
= tan–1 = tan–1   = 47.2° Ans
⎣ (FR ) x ⎦  4.598 
3732
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•2–31. If the magnitude for the resultant force acting on y F1 4 kN

the plate is required to be 6 kN and its direction measured
clockwise from the positive x axis is u = 30°, determine the 30 F2
magnitude of F2 and its direction f.
f
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a and b, the x and y components of
x
F1, F2, F3, and FR can be written as
(F1)x = 4 sin 30° = 2 kN (F1)y = 4 cos 30° = 3.464 kN

5
(F2)x = F2 cos f ( F2)y = F2 sin f 3
F3 5 kN
 4  3 4
(F3)x = 5   = 4 kN (F3)y = 5   = 3 kN
 5  5
(FR)x = 6 cos 30° = 5.196 kN (FR)y = 6 sin 30° = 3 kN
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; 5.196 = – 2 + F2 cos f + 4
F2 cos f = 3.196 (1)
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; –3 = –3.464 + F2 sin f – 3
F2 sin f = 3.464 (2)
f = 47.3° F2 = 4.71 kN Ans
38
33
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*2–32.
2–32. If f = 30° and the resultant force acting on the y F1 4 kN
gusset plate is directed along the positive x axis, determine
the magnitudes of F2 and the resultant force. 30 F2
f
x
5
3
4 F3 5 kN
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, F3, and FR
can be written as
(F1)x = 4 sin 30° = 2 kN (F1)y = 4 cos 30° = 3.464 kN

(F2)x = F2 cos 30° = 0.8660F2 ( F2)y = F2 sin 30° = 0.5F2
 4  3
(F3)x = 5   = 4 kN (F3)y = 5   = 3 kN
 5  5
(FR)x = FR (FR)y = 0
+↑Σ (FR)y = ΣFy; 0 = – 3.464 + 0.5F2 – 3

F2 = 12.93 kN = 12.9 kN Ans
+
→Σ (FR)x = ΣFx; FR = –2 + 0.8660 (12.93) + 4
= 13.2 kN Ans
39
34
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2–33. Determine the magnitude of F1 and its direction u y

so that the resultant force is directed vertically upward and F1
has a magnitude of 800 N. u
600 N
400 N
5
3
4 30
x
A
Scalar Notation : Summing the force components algebraically, we have

+  3
→ FRx = ΣFx; FRx, = 0 = F1 sin u + 400 cos 30° – 600  
 5
F1 sin u = 133.6 [1]
 3
+↑ FRy = ΣFy; FRy, = 800 = F1 cos u + 400 sin 30° + 600  
 5
F1 cos u = 240 [2]
Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields
u = 29.1° F1 = 275 N Ans
40
35
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*2–34. Determine the magnitude and direction measured

2–34. y
counterclockwise from the positive x axis of the resultant F1
force of the three forces acting on the ring A. Take u
600 N
F1 = 500 N and u = 20°. 400 N
5
3
4 30
x
A

+  4
→ FRx = ΣFx; FRx , = 500 sin 20° + 400 cos 30° – 600  
 5
= 37.42 N →
 3
+↑ FRy = ΣFy; FRy , = 500 cos 20° + 400 sin 30° + 600  
 5
= 1029.8 N ↑
FR = FR2 + F R2 = 37.42 2 + 1029.82 = 1030.5 N = 1.03 kN Ans

x y
The direction angle u measured counterclockwise from the x axis, is
FRy ⎛ 1029.8 ⎞
= tan–1 = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ = 87.9° Ans
FRx ⎝ 37.42 ⎠
41
36
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•2–41. Determine the magnitude and direction u of FB so

•2–35. y
that the resultant force is directed along the positive y axis
and has a magnitude of 1500 N.
FB
FA 700 N
30
B A
u
x

+
→ FRx = ΣFx; 0 = 700 sin 30° = FB sin u
FB cos u = 350 [1]
+↑ FRy = ΣFy; 1500 = 700 cos 30° = FB sin u
FB sin u = 893.8 [2]
Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields
u = 68.6° FB = 960 N Ans
3742
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*2–36. Determine the magnitude and angle measured

2–36. y
counterclockwise from the positive y axis of the resultant
force acting on the bracket if FB = 600 N and u = 20°.
FB
FA 700 N
30
B A
u
x

+
→ FRx = ΣFx; FRx = 700 sin 30° – 600 cos 20°
= –213.8 N = 213.8 N
→
+↑ FRy = ΣFy; FRy = 700 cos 30° + 600 sin 20°

= 811.4 N ↑
FR = FR2 + F R2 = 213.82 + 811.42 = 839 N Ans

x y
The direction angle u measured counterclockwise from positive y axis is

FRx ⎛ 213.8 ⎞
f = tan –1 = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ = 14.8° Ans
FRy ⎝ 811.4 ⎠
4338
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2–37.
2–43. If f 30° = 30°
and Fand
1 1.25 = determine
F1kN, the magnitude
250 lb, determine the y
of the resultant
magnitude force
of the actingforce
resultant on theacting
bracket
on and its direction
the bracket and F1
measured clockwise
its direction measured from the positive
clockwise axis.
from xthe positive x axis.
f
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, x
and F3 can be written as
(F1)x = 1.25 cos 30° = 1.083 kN (F1)y = 1.25 sin 30° = 0.625 kN 3
5
 4  3 13 12
4
(F2)x = 1.5   = 1.2 kN (F2)y = 1.5   = 0.9 kN
 5  5 5 F2 300kN
1.5 lb
5  12  F3 1.3
260kN
lb
(F3)x = 1.3   = 0.5 kN (F3)y = 1.3   = 1.2 kN
 13   13 
Resultant Force: Summing the force components algebraically along the x and y
axes,
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; (FR)x = 1.083 + 1.2 – 0.5 = 1.783 kN →
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; (FR)y = 0.625 – 0.9 – 1.2 = –1.475 kN = 1.475 kN ↓
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 = 1.783 2 + 1.475 2 = 2.314 kN Ans
The direction angle of FR, Fig. b, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, is
⎡ (FR ) y ⎤  1.475
= tan–1 ⎢ ⎥ = tan–1  = 39.6° Ans
⎢⎣ (FR ) x ⎥⎦  1.783
1.25 kN
1.783 kN
1.5 kN
1.3 kN
1.475 kN
44
39
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2–38.If the
*2
*2–34. magnitude
If the of the
magnitude resultant
of the forceforce
resultant acting on on
acting y
the bracket is is 400
2 kNlb directed
directed along
along the
the positive x axis, F1
determine the magnitude of F11 andand its
its direction
direction f..
f
x
5
3
4
13 12
5 F2 1.5 kN
300 lb
F3 260kN
1.3 lb
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, F3, and
FR can be written as
(F1)x = F1 cos (F1)y = F1 sin

 4  3
(F2)x = 1.5   = 1.2 kN (F2)y = 1.5   = 0.9 kN
 5  5
 5  12 
(F3)x = 1.3   = 0.5 kN (F3)y = 1.3   = 1.2 kN
 13   13 
(FR)x = 2 kN (FR)y = 0
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; 2 = F1 cos + 1.2 – 0.5
F1 cos = 1.3 (1)
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; 0 = F1 sin – 0.9 – 1.2
F1 sin = 2.1 (2)
= 58.24° F1 = 2.470 kN Ans
2 kN
1.5 kN
1.3 kN
4540
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•2–39. If the resultant force acting on the bracket is to be y

directed along the positive x axis and the magnitude of F1 is F1
required to be a minimum, determine the magnitudes of the
resultant force and F1.
f
x
5
3
4
13 12
5 F2 1.5
300kN
lb
F3 1.3
260kN
lb
Rectangular components: By referring to Fig. a and b, the x and y components of F1, F2, F3,
and FR can be written as
(F1)x = F1 cos (F1)y = F1 sin

 4  3
(F2)x = 1.5   = 1.2 kN (F2)y = 1.5   = 0.9 kN
 5  5
 5  12 
(F3)x = 1.3   = 0.5 kN (F3)y = 1.3   = 1.2 kN
 13   13 
(FR)x = FR (FR)y = 0
+↑Σ(FR)y = ΣFy; 0 = F1 sin – 0.9 – 1.2

2.1
F1 = (1)
sin
+
→ Σ(FR)x = ΣFx; FR = F1 cos + 1.2 – 0.5 (2)
By inspecting Eq. (1), we realize that F1 is minimum when sin = 1 or = 90°. Thus,
F1 = 2.1 kN Ans
Substituting these results into Eq. (2), yields
FR = 0.7 kN Ans
1.5 kN
1.3 kN
46
41
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2–40. The three concurrent forces acting on the screw eye

*2–40. y
produce a resultant force FR = 0. If F2 = 23 F1 and F1 is to F1
be 90° from F2 as shown, determine the required magnitude
of F3 expressed in terms of F1 and the angle u.
Cartesian Vector Notation:

60
F1 = F1 cos 60°i + F1 sin 60° j
x
= 0.50 F1 i + 0.8660 F1 j
30
2 2
F2 = F1 cos 30° i +
F1 sin 30° j
3 3
= 0.5774 F1 i + 0.3333 F1 j u F2
F3 = –F3 sin u i + F3 cos u j

F3
Resultant Force:
FR = 0 = F1 + F2 + F3
0 = (0.50F1 + 0.5774 F1 – F3 sin u) i
+ (0.8660 F1 – 0.3333 F1 – F3 cos u) j
Equating i and j components, we have
0.50F1 + 0.5774F1 – F3 sin u = 0 [1]
0.8660F1 – 0.3333F1 – F3 cos u = 0 [2]
Solving Eq. [1] and [2] yields
u = 63.7° F3 = 1.20F1 Ans
2–47. Determine the magnitude of FA and its direction u y

so that the resultant force is directed along the positive x
axis and has a magnitude of 1250 N.
FA
A
u
x
O 30
B
FB 800 N

+
→ FR x = ΣFx; 1250 = FA sin u + 800 cos 30°
FA sin u = 557.18 [1]
+↑ FR y = ΣFy; 0 = FA cos u – 800 sin 30°
FA cos u = 400 [2]
u = 54.3° FA = 686 N Ans
4742
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2–41. Determine the coordinate angle g for F2 and then z

F1 450 N
express each force acting on the bracket as a Cartesian
vector.
45
30
60 y
45
x
F2 600 N
Rectangular Components: Since cos2 a2 + cos2 b2 + cos2 g2 = 1, then cos g2z = ± 1 – cos2 45° – cos2 60° = ±0.5.
However, it is required that g2 > 90°, thus, g2 = cos–1 (–0.5) = 120°. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z
components, as shown in Figs. a and b, respectively F1 and F2 can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 450 cos 45° sin 30° (–i) + 450 cos 45° cos 30° (+j) + 450 sin 45° (+k)
= {–159i + 276j + 318k} N Ans
F2 = 600 cos 45°i + 600 cos 60°j + 600 cos 120°k
= {424i + 300j – 300k} N Ans
4357
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•2–42. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction

*2–42. z
F1 450 N
angles of the resultant force acting on the bracket.
45
30
60 y
45
x
F2 600 N
Rectangular Components: Since cos2 a2 + cos2 b2 + cos2 g2 = 1, then cos g2z = ± 1 – cos2 45° – cos2 60° = ±0.5.
However, it is required that a2 > 90°, thus, g2 = cos–1 (–0.5) = 120°. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z
components, as shown in Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2, can be expressed in Cartesian vector form, as
F1 = 450 cos 45° sin 30° (–i) + 450 cos 45° cos 30° (+j) + 450 sin 45° (+k)
= {–159.10i + 275.57j + 318.20k} N Ans
F2 = 600 cos 45°i + 600 cos 60°j + 600 cos 120°k
= {424i + 300j – 300k} N Ans
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F2 vectorally, we obtain FR.

FR = F1 + F2
= (–159.10i + 275.57j + 318.20k) + (424.26i + 300j – 300k)
= {265.16i + 575.57j + 18.20k} N
The magnitude of FR is
FR = (FR)x2 + (FR)y2 + (FR)z2
= 265.162 + 575.572 + 18.202 = 633.97N = 634N Ans
The coordinate direction angles of FR are

 (F )   
a = cos–1  R x  = cos–1 265.16 = 65.3° Ans
F  633.97 
 R 
 (F )   
b = cos–1  R y  = cos–1 575.57 = 24.8° Ans
F  633.97 
 R 
 (F )   
g = cos–1  R z  = cos–1 18.20 = 88.4° Ans
 633.97 
 FR  
5844
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•2–43. Express each force acting on the pipe assembly in

Cartesian vector form. z
5
F1 3 kNlb
600 120
3
4
y
60
F2 2 kNlb
400
Rectangular Components: Since cos2 a2 + cos2 b2 + cos2 g2 = 1, then cos b2 = ± 1 – cos2 60° – cos2 120° = ±0.7071.
However, it is required that b2 > 90°, thus, b2 = cos–1 (–0.7071) = 45°. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z
 4  3
F1 = 3   (+i) + 0j + 3   (+k)
 5  5
= [2.4i + 1.8k] kN
Ans
F2 = 2 cos 60°i + 2 cos 45°j + 2 cos 120°k
= [i + 1.414j – k] kN Ans
3 kN
3 kN
4559
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*2–44. Determine the magnitude and direction of the

2–44.
resultant force acting on the pipe assembly. z
5
F1 3 kNlb
600 120
3
4
y
60
F2 2400
kNlb
Force Vectors: Since cos2 a2 + cos2 b2 + cos2 g2 = 1, then cos g2 = ± 1 – cos2 60° – cos2 120° = ±0.7071.
However, it is required that g2 < 90°, thus, g2 = cos–1 (–0.7071) = 45°. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z
 4  3
F1 = 3   (+i) + 0j + 3   (+k)
 5  5
= [2.40i + 1.8k] kN
F2 = 2 cos 60°i + 2 cos 45°j + 2 cos 120°k
= [1.00i + 1.4142j – 1.00k] kN
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F2 vectorally, we obtain FR.

FR = F1 + F2
= (2.4i + 1.8k) + (1.0i + 1.4142j – 1.0k)
= {3.4i + 1.4142j + 0.8k) kN
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 + (FR ) z 2
= (3.4) 2 + (1.4142) 2 + (0.8) 2 = 3.768 kN Ans
 (F )   3.4 
= cos–1  R x  = cos–1  = 25.5° Ans
 FR   3.768 
 (FR ) y   1.4142 
= cos–1   = cos–1  = 1.4142° Ans
F
 R   3.768 
 (F )   0.8 
= cos–1  R z  = cos–1  = 77.7° Ans
F
 R   3.768 
6046
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2–45. The force F acts on the bracket within the octant z

shown. If F = 400 N, b = 60°, and g = 45°, determine the
x, y, z components of F. g
F
b
a
x
y
Coordinate Direction Angles: Since b and g are known, the third angle a can
be determined from
cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1
cos2 a + cos2 60° + cos2 45° = 1
cos a = ±0.5
Since F is in the octant shown in Fig. a, ux must be greater than 90°. Thus,
a = cos–1 (–0.5) = 120°.
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x, y, and z components of F can

be written as
Fx = F cos a = 400 cos 120° = –200 N Ans
Fy = F cos b = 400 cos 60° = 200 N Ans
Fz = F cos g = 400 cos 45° = 283 N Ans
The negative sign indicates that Fx is directed towards the negative x axis.
4761
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2–46.
*2–46. The force F acts on the bracket within the octant z
shown. If the magnitudes of the x and z components of F
are Fx = 300 N and Fz = 600 N, respectively, and b = 60°, g
F
determine the magnitude of F and its y component. Also,
find the coordinate direction angles a and g.
Rectangular Components: The magnitude of F is given by b

a
F = Fx + Fy + Fz
2 2 2
x
F = 3002 + Fy2 + 6002
y
F2 = Fy2 + 450 000 (1)
The magnitude of Fy is given by

Fy = F cos 60° = 0.5F (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

F = 774.60 N = 775 N Ans
Fy = 387 N Ans
Coordinate Direction Angles: Since F is contained in the octant so that

Fx is directed towards the negative x axis, the coordinate direction angle ux
is given by
 –Fx   
a = cos–1 = cos–1 –300 = 113° Ans
 F   774.60 
The third coordinate direction angle is

 –F2   
g = cos–1 = cos–1 600 = 39.2° Ans
 F   774.60 
6248
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•2–65.
•2–47. The two forces F1 and F2 acting at A have a z
resultant force of FR = 5 - 100k6 lb N. Determine the
magnitude and coordinate direction angles of F2.
B
30
y
A 50
x
F1 N
60 lb
F2
Cartesian Vector Notation:
FR = {–100k} N
F1 = 60 {–cos 50° cos 30°i + cos 50° sin 30°j – sin 50°k} N
= {–33.40i + 19.28j – 45.96k} N
F2 = {F2 i + F2 j + F2 k} N
x y z
Resultant Force:
FR = F1 + F2
–100k = {(F2 – 33.40)i + (F2 + 19.28)j + (F2 – 45.96)k}
x y z
Equating i, j and k components, we have
F2 – 33.40 = 0 F2 = 33.40 N
x x
F2 + 19.28 = 0 F2 = –19.28 N
y y
F2 – 45.96 = –100 F2 = –54.04 N

z z
The magnitude of force F2 is
F2 = F 22 + F 22 + F 22
x y z
= 33.40 + (–19.28)2 + (–54.04)2

2
= 66.39 lb = 66.4 N Ans
The coordinate direction angles for F2 are
F2 33.40
cos a = x
= a = 59.8° Ans
F2 66.39
F2 –19.28
y
cos b = = b = 107° Ans
F2 66.39
F2 –54.04
cos g = z
= g = 144° Ans
F2 66.39
4963
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2–48.
*2–48. Determine the coordinate direction angles of the z
force F1 and indicate them on the figure.
30
y
A 50
x
F1 N
60 lb
F2
Unit Vector For Force F1:

uF1 = –cos 50° cos 30°i + cos 50° sin 30°j – sin 50°k
= –0.5567i + 0.3214j – 0.7660k
Coordinate Direction Angles: From the unit vector obtained
above, we have
cos a = –0.5567 a = 124° Ans
cos b = 0.3214 b = 71.3° Ans
cos g = –0.7660 g = 140° Ans
2–49. The spur gear is subjected to the two forces caused z

by contact with other gears. Express each force as a
Cartesian vector. 60
F2 180
900 lb
N
7 24
F1 = (250)j – (250)k = {70j – 140k} N Ans
25 25
60 135
F2 = 900 cos 60°i + 900 cos 135°j + 900 cos 60°k
y
= {450i – 636.4j + 450k} N Ans
x
25
24
7
F1 50
250lbN
2–50.
*2–50. The spur gear is subjected to the two forces caused z
by contact with other gears. Determine the resultant of the
two forces and express the result as a Cartesian vector. 60
F2 180
900 lb
N
FRx = 900 cos 60° = 450
7 60 135
FRy = (250) + 900 cos 135° = –566.4 N
25
y
24 x
FRy = – (250) + 900 cos 60° = 210 N
25 25
24
FR = {450i – 566.4j + 210k} N Ans 7
F1 50
250lbN
6450
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2–51. If the resultant force acting on the bracket is

•2–51. z
FR = 5 -300i + 650j + 250k6 N, determine the magnitude
and coordinate direction angles of F.
g F
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z components, as shown
a
in Fig. a. F1 and F2 can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 750 cos 45° cos 30° (+i) + 750 cos 45° sin 30° (+j) + 750 sin 45° (–k) b
= [459.28i + 265.17j – 530.33k] N
F = F cos ai + F cos bj + F cos gk
y
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F vectorally, we obtain FR. Thus, 45
x 30
FR = F1 + F
–300i + 650j + 250k = (459.28i + 265.17j – 530.33k) + (F cos uxi + F cos uyj + F cos uzk)
–300i + 650j + 250k = (459.28 + F cos ux)i + (265.17 + F cos uy)j + (F cos uz – 530.33)k F1 750 N
Equating the i, j, and k components,

–300 = 459.28 + F cos a
F cos a = –759.28 (1)
650 = 265.17 + F cos b

F cos b = 384.83 (2)
250 = F cos g – 530.33

F cos g = 780.33 (3)
Squaring and then adding Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), yields
F 2 (cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g) = 1 333 518.08 (4)
However, cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g) = 1. Thus, from Eq. (4)

F = 1154.78 N = 1.15k N Ans
Substituting F = 1154.78 N into Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), yields

a = 131° b = 70.5° g = 47.5° Ans
5165
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2–52.
*2–52. If the resultant force acting on the bracket is to be z
FR = 5800j6 N, determine the magnitude and coordinate
direction angles of F.
g F
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F into their x, y, and z components, as shown in a
Figs. b and c, respectively, F1 and F can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 750 cos 45° cos 30° (+i) + 750 cos 45° sin 30° (+j) + 750 sin 45° (–k) b
= [459.28i + 265.17j – 530.33k] N
F = F cos ai + F cos bj + F cos gk
y
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F vectorally, Figs, a, b, and c, we obtain FR. 45
Thus, x 30
FR = F1 + F
800j = (459.28i + 265.17j – 530.33k) + (F cos ai + F cos bj + F cos gk) F1 750 N
800j = (459.28 + F cos a)i + (265.17 + F cos b)j + (F cos g – 530.33)k
Equating the i, j, and k components, we have

0 = 459.28 + F2 cos a
F cos a = –459.28 (1)
800 = 265.17 + F cos b

F cos b = 534.8 (2)
0 = F cos g – 530.33
F cos g = 530.33 (3)
F 2 (cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g) = 778 235.93 (4)
However, cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1. Thus, from Eq. (4)

F = 882.17 N = 882 N Ans

a = 121° b = 52.7° g = 53.0° Ans
6652
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2–53. If a = 120°, b 6 90°, g = 60°, and F = 400 lb

2–71. N, z
determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles
of the resultant force acting on the hook.
F
g
a
b
30
x
y
F1 lb
600 N
4
5 3
Force Vectors: Since cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1, then cos b = ± 1 – cos2 120° – cos2 60° = ±0.7071.
However, it is required that b < 90°, thus, b = cos–1 (0.7071) = 45°. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z
components, as shown in Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2, can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as
4 4 3
F1 = 600   sin 30° (+i) + 600   cos 30° (+j) + 600   (–k)
5 5 5
= {240i + 415.69j – 360k} N
F = 400 cos 120°i + 400 cos 45°j + 400 cos 60°k
= {–200i + 282.84j + 200k} N
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F vectorally, we obtain FR.
F R = F1 + F
= (240i + 415.69j – 360k) + (–200i + 282.84j + 200k)
= {40i + 698.53j – 160k} N
FR = (FR)x2 + (FR)y2 + (FR)z2
= (40)2 + (698.53)2 + (–160)2 = 717.74 N = 718 N Ans

 (F )   40 
a = cos–1  R x  = cos–1 = 86.8° Ans
 717.74 
 FR 
 (F )   
b = cos–1  R y  = cos–1 698.53 = 13.3° Ans
F  717.74 
 R 
 (F )   
g = cos–1  R z  = cos–1 –160 = 103° Ans
 717.74 
 FR 
5367
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2–54. If the resultant force acting on the hook is

*2–54. z
FR = 5 - 200i + 800j + 150k6 lbN, determine the magnitude
and coordinate direction angles of F.
F
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F into their x, y, and z components, as shown in g
a
Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2 can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as
b
4 4 3
F1 = 600   sin 30° (+i) + 600   cos 30° (+j) + 600   (–k)
5 5 5
30
x
= {240i + 415.69j – 360k} N
y
F = F cos ai + F cos bj + F cos gk F1 600 N
lb
4
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F2 vectorally, we obtain FR. Thus,
5 3
FR = F1 + F
–200i + 800j + 150k = (240i + 415.69j – 360k) + (F cos uxi + F cos uyj + F cos uzk)
–200i + 800j + 150k = (240 + F cos a)i + (415.69 + F cos b)j + (F cos g – 360)k
Equating the i, j, and k components, we have

–200 = 240 + F cos ux
F cos a = –440 (1)
800 = 415.69 + F cos b

F cos b = 384.31 (2)
150 = F cos g – 360

F cos g = 510 (3)
F 2 (cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g) = 601 392.49 (4)
However, cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1. Thus, from Eq. (4)

F = 775.49 N = 775 N Ans

a = 125° b = 60.3° g = 48.9° Ans
6854
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•2–73. The shaft S exerts three force components on the

•2–55. z
die D. Find the magnitude and coordinate direction angles
of the resultant force. Force F2 acts within the octant shown. F3 200 N g2 60
F2 300 N
3 5
4 S
a2 60
y
D
F1 400 N
F1 = 400i
Then
Since cos 60° + cos b2 + cos 60° = 1
2 2 2
FR = F1 + F2 + F3 = 550i + 52.1j + 270k
Solving for the positive root, b2 = 45° FR = (550)2 + (52.1)2 + (270)2 = 614.9 N = 615 N Ans
F2 = 300 cos 60°i + 300 cos 45°j + 300 cos 60°k  550 
a = cos–1  = 26.6° Ans
= 150i + 212.1j + 150k 614.9
4 3  52.1 
b = cos–1  = 85.1° Ans
F3 = –200   j + 200   k
5 5 614.9
= –160j + 120k  270 
g = cos–1  = 64.0° Ans
614.9
2–56. The mast is subjected to the three forces shown.

*2–56.
z
Determine the coordinate direction angles a1, b 1, g1 of
F1 so that the resultant force acting on the mast is F1
FR = 5350i6 N. g1
a1
F1 = 500 cos a1i + 500 cos b1j + 500 cos g1k b1
F3 300 N
FR = F1 + (–300j) + (–200k) y
350i = 500 cos a1i + (500 cos b1 – 300)j + (500 cos g1 – 200)k F2 200 N
x
350 = 500 cos a1; a1 = 45.6° Ans
0 = 500 cos b1 – 300; b1 = 53.1° Ans
0 = 500 cos g1 – 200; g1 = 66.4° Ans
5569
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2–57. The mast is subjected to the three forces shown.

Determine the coordinate direction angles a1, b 1, g1 of z
F1 so that the resultant force acting on the mast is zero. F1
g1
F1 = {500 cos a1i + 500 cos b1j + 500 cos g1k} N
a1
F2 = {–200k} N b1
F3 300 N
F3 = {–300j} N y
F2 200 N
FR = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 x
500 cos a1 = 0; a1 = 90° Ans
500 cos b1 = 300; b1 = 53.1° Ans
500 cos g1 = 200; g1 = 66.4° Ans
*2–58.
2–58. Determine the magnitude and coordinate z
direction angles of F2 so that the resultant of the two forces
acts along the positive x axis and has a magnitude of 500 N.
F2
g2
b2
a2 y
60
15
F1 = (180 cos 15°) sin 60°i + (180 cos 15°) cos 60°j – 180 sin 15°k
= 150.57i + 86.93j – 46.59k x
F2 = F2 cos a2i + F2 cos b2 j + F2 cos g2k F1 180 N
FR = {500i} N
FR = F1 + F2
i components:
500 = 150.57 + F2 cos a2
F2x = F2 cos a2 = 349.43

Thus,
j components:
F2 = F 22x + F 22y + F 22z = (349.43)2 + (–86.93)2 + (46.59)2
0 = 86.93 + F2 cos b2
F2y = F2 cos b2 = –86.93 F2 = 363 N Ans
a2 = 15.8° Ans
k components:
0 = –46.59 + F2 cos g2 b2 = 104° Ans
F2z = F2 cos g2 = 46.59 g2 = 82.6° Ans
7056
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•2–59. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction z

angles of F2 so that the resultant of the two forces is zero.
F2
g2
b2
a2 y
60
15
F1 180 N
F1 = (180 cos 15°) sin 60°i + (180 cos 15°) cos 60°j – 180 sin 15°k
= 150.57i + 86.93j – 46.59k
F2 = F2 cos a2i + F2 cos b2 j + F2 cos g2k
FR = 0
i components: k components:
0 = 150.57 + F2 cos a2 0 = –46.59 + F2 cos g2
F2 cos a2 = –150.57 F2 cos g2 = 46.59
j components:
F2 = (–150.57)2 + (–86.93)2 + (46.59)2
0 = 86.93 + F2 cos b2
Solving,
F2 cos b2 = –86.93
F2 = 180 N Ans
a2 = 147° Ans
b2 = 119° Ans
g2 = 75.0° Ans
5771
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2–60. If the resultant force acting on the bracket is directed

*2–60. z
along the positive y axis, determine the magnitude of the
resultant force and the coordinate direction angles of F so
that b 6 90°.
g F 500 N
b
a
30
y
x 30
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F into their x, y, and z components, as shown in Figs. a and b,
respectively, F1 and F can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as F1 600 N
F1 = 600 cos 30° sin 30° (+i) + 600 cos 30° cos 30° (+j) + 600 sin 30° (–k)
= {259.81i + 450j – 300k} N
F = 500 cos ai + 500 cos bj + 500 cos gk
Since the resultant force FR is directed towards the positive y axis, then
FR = FR j
Resultant Force:
FR = F1 + F
FR j = (259.81i + 450j – 300k) + (500 cos uxi + 500 cos uy j + 500 cos uzk)
FR j = (259.81 + 500 cos a)i + (450 + 500 cos b)j + (500 cos g – 300)k

0 = 259.81 + 500 cos a
a = 121.31° = 121° Ans
FR = 450 + 500 cos b (1)
0 = 500 cos g – 300

g = 53.13° = 53.1° Ans
However, since cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1, a = 121.31°, and g = 53.13°,
cos b = ± 1 – cos2 121.31° – cos2 53.13° = ±0.6083
If we substitute cos b = 0.6083 into Eq. (1),

FR = 450 + 500(0.6083) = 754 N Ans
and
b = cos–1(0.6083) = 52.5° Ans
7258
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2–79. Specify the magnitude of F3 and its coordinate

2–61. z
direction angles a3, b 3, g3 so that the resultant force
FR = 59j6 kN. F2 10 kN
F3
13 5
g3
b3 12
a3
y
30
F1 12 kN
F1 = 12 cos 30°j – 12 sin 30°k = 10.392j – 6k
12 5
F2 = – (10)i + (10)k = –9.231i + 3.846k
13 13
Require
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
9j = 10.392j – 6k – 9.231i + 3.846k + F3
F3 = 9.231i – 1.392j + 2.154k

 
a3 = cos–1 9.231 = 15.5° Ans
 9.581 
Hence,
 
F3 = (9.231)2 + (–1.392)2 + (2.154)2 b3 = cos–1 –1.392 = 98.4° Ans
 9.581 
F3 = 9.581 kN = 9.58 kN Ans  

g3 = cos–1 2.154 = 77.0° Ans
 9.581 
5973
 
g2 = cos–1 –26.17 = 144° Ans
 32.4
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2–62. Determine the position vector r directed from point z

A to point B and the length of cord AB. Take z = 4 m. 6m
3m
B
A
y
2m
Position Vector: The coordinates for points A and B are A(3, 0, 2) m and
B(0, 6, 4) m, respectively. Thus,
rAB = (0 –3)i + (6 – 0)j + (4 – 2)k
= {–3i + 6j + 2k} m Ans
The length of cord AB is
rAB = (–3)2 + 62 + 22 = 7 m Ans
77
02b Ch02b 57-106.indd 77 6/12/09 8:22:22 AM
60
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2–63. If the cord AB is 7.5 m long, determine the

coordinate position +z of point B 6m
3m
B
Position Vector: The coordinates for points A and B are A(3, 0, 2) m and
B(0, 6, z) m, respectively. Thus,
rAB = (0 –3)i + (6 – 0)j + (z – 2)k
= {–3i + 6j + (z – 2)k} m A
y
Since the length of cord is equal to the magnitude of rAB, then

2m
rAB = 7.5 = (–3)2 + 62 + (z – 2)2
56.25 = 45 + (z – 2)2 x
z – 2 = ±3.354
z = 5.35 m Ans
*2–64. Determine the distance between the end points A

and B on the wire by first formulating a position vector 75 mm
from A to B and then determining its magnitude. A 25 mm
30
y
60
200 mm
50 mm
x
B
rAB = (200 sin 60° – (–75 sin 30°))i + (200 cos 60° – 75 cos 30°)j + (–50 – 25)k
rAB = (210.71i + 35.048j – 75k) mm
rAB = (210.71) 2 + (35.048) 2 + (–75) 2 = 226.4 mm Ans
6178
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•2–65.
•2–65. Determine the the magnitude
magnitude and and coordinate
coordinate
direction angles of the resultant force acting at A.
Unit Vectors: The coordinate points A, B, and C are shown in Fig. a. Thus,
1.2 m
A
rB (0.9 – 0)i + (–0.9 – 0)j + (0.75 – 1.2)k
uB = =
rB (0.9 – 0) 2 + (–0.9 – 0) 2 + (0.75 – 1.2) 2
0.9 m FB 3 kN
2 2 1 B
= i– j– k
3 3 3 FC 3.75 kN
0.75 m
rC (0.6 – 0)i + (1.2 – 0)j + (0 – 1.2)k
uC = = 0.9 m
rC (0.6 – 0) 2 + (1.2 – 0) 2 + (0 – 1.2) 2 1.2 m
1 2 2 C 0.6 m
= i+ j– k x
3 3 3
Force Vectors: Multiplying the magnitude of the force with its unit vector, we have
2 2 1 
FB = FBuB = 3  i – j – k = {2i – 2j – 1k} kN Ans
3 3 3 
1 2 2 
FC = FCuC = 3.75  i + j – k = {1.25i + 2.5j – 2.5k} kN Ans
3 3 3 
FR = FB + FC = 2i – 2j – 1k + 1.25i + 2.5j – 2.5k
FR = {3.25i + 0.5j – 3.5k} kN
FR = (3.25) 2 + (0.5) 2 + (–3.5) 2 = 4.80 kN Ans
 (F )   3.25 
= cos–1  R x  = cos–1  = 47.4° Ans
F
 R   4.80 
 (FR ) y   0.5 
= cos–1   = cos–1  = 84.0° Ans
 FR   4.80 
 (F )   –3.5 
= cos–1  R z  = cos–1  = 137° Ans
 FR   4.80 
A(0, 0, 1.2) m
B(0.9, –0.9, 0.75) m
C(0.6, 1.2, 0) m
7962
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2–66. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction z

angles of the resultant force.
2m
600 N 500 N
4m
B y
4m
8m C
x
rAB = (–2j – 4k) m; rA-B = 4.472 m
 r 
uAB =  rAB  = –0.447j – 0.894k
 AB 
FAB = 600 uAB = {–268.33j – 536.66k} N
 
a = cos–1 242.54 = 72.8° Ans
 821.64 
rAC = {4i + 6j – 4k}m; rAC = 8.246 m
 r   95.47 
b = cos–1 = 83.3° Ans
uAC =  rAC  = 0.485i + 0.728j – 0.485k  821.64 
 AC 
 
FAC = 500 uAC = {242.54i + 363.80j – 242.54k} N g = cos–1 –779.20 = 162° Ans
 821.64 
FR = FAB + FAC
FR = {242.54i + 95.47j – 779.20k}
FR = (242.54)2 + (95.47)2 + (–779.20)2 = 821.64 = 822 N Ans
6380
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2–67. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction z

angles of the resultant force acting at A.
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined first. From Fig. a
rB (4.5 sin 45° – 0)i + (–4.5 cos 45° – 0)j + (0 – 6)k FB 900 N A
uB = = FC 600 N
rB (4.5 sin 45° – 0)2 + (–4.5 cos 45° – 0)2 + (0 – 6)2
C
= 0.4243i – 0.4243j – 0.8k
rC (–3 – 0)i + (–6 – 0)j + (0 – 6)k 6m
uC = =
rC 3m
(–3 – 0) + (–6 – 0) + (0 – 6)
2 2 2
1 2 2 45
=– i– j– k B
4.5 m y
3 3 3
6m
Thus, the force vectors FB and FC are given by
FB = FBuB = 900(0.4243i – 0.4243j – 0.8k) = {381.84i – 381.84j – 720k} N
 1 2 2  x
FC = FCuC = 600 – i – j – k = {–200i – 400j – 400k} N
 3 3 3 
Resultant Force:
FR = FB + FC = (381.84i – 381.84j – 720k) + (–200i – 400j – 400k)
= {181.84i – 781.84j – 1120k} N
FR = (FR)x2 + (FR)y2 + (FR)z2
= (181.84)2 + (–781.84)2 + (–1120)2 = 1377.95 N = 1.38 kN Ans

 (F )   
a = cos–1  R x  = cos–1 181.84 = 82.4° Ans
F 1377.95
 R 
 (F )   
b = cos–1  R y  = cos–1 –781.84 = 125° Ans
1377.95
 FR 
 (F )   
g = cos–1  R z  = cos–1 –1120 = 144° Ans
F 1377.95
 R 
8164
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*2–68. Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction

 3  3  4
F1 = –500   sin 40°i + 500   cos 40°j – 500   k
 5  5  5
C
= {–192.84i + 229.81j – 400k} N F2 405 N
4 F1 500 N
7 4 
F2 = 405 N  i – j – k
9 9 9 
B
1.2 m
= {180i – 315j – 180k} N 0.9 m A
FR = F1 + F2 = {–12.84i – 85.19j – 580k} N 2.1 m 40

1.2 m
y
FR = 2 2
(12.84) + (85.19) + (580) 2 = 586.36 N = 586 N Ans x
 –12.84 
= cos–1  = 91.3° Ans
 586.36 
 –85.19 
= cos–1  = 98.4° Ans
 586.36 
 –580 
= cos–1  = 172° Ans
 586.36 
•2–69. The chandelier is supported by three chains which

are concurrent at point O. If the force in each chain has a
magnitude of 300 N, express each force as a Cartesian vector
and determine the magnitude and coordinate direction O
FB
FC
(1.2 cos 30°i – 1.2 sin 30°j – 1.8k) FA
1.8 m
FA = 300
2 2 2
(1.2 cos 30°) + (–1.2 sin 30°) + (–1.8)
B
= {144.1i – 83.2j – 249.6k} N Ans
120 120 1.2 m C
(–1.2 cos 30°i – 1.2 sin 30°j – 1.8k) y
FB = 300 120
(–1.2 cos 30°) 2 + (–1.2 sin 30°) 2 + (–1.8) 2 A
= {–144.1i – 83.2j – 249.6k} N Ans
(1.2j – 1.8k)
FC = 300
(1.2) 2 + (–1.8) 2 x
= {166.4j – 249.6k} N Ans
FR = FA + FB + FC = {–748.8k} N
FR = 748.8 N Ans
= 90° Ans
= 90° Ans
= 180° Ans
6582
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2–70. The chandelier is supported by three chains which

are concurrent at point O. If the resultant force at O has a
magnitude of 650 N and is directed along the negative z axis,
determine the force in each chain. O
FB
(1.2j – 1.8k) FC
FC = F = 0.5547 F j – 0.8321 F k
FA
(1.2) 2 + (–1.8) 2 1.8 m
B
F A = FB = FC
120 120 1.2 m C

FRz = ΣFz; 650 = 3(0.8321 F) y
120
A
F = 260.4 N Ans
2–71. Express force F as a Cartesian vector; then

determine its coordinate direction angles.
Unit Vector : The coordinates of point A are A

F 675 N
3m
A (–3 cos 70° sin 30°, 3 cos 70° cos 30°, 3 sin 70°) m
= A (–0.513, 0.8886, 2.819) m 70
30
Then y
rAB = {[1.5 – (–0.513)]i + (–2.1 – 0.8886)j + (0 – 2.819)k} m 1.5 m
= {2.013i – 2.9886j – 2.819k} m B 2.1 m
rAB = 2.013 2 + (–2.9886) 2 + (–2.819) 2 = 4.575 m

x
rAB 2.013i – 2.9886j – 2.819k
uAB = =
rAB 4.575
= 0.4400i – 0.6532j – 0.6162k
Force Vector :
F = FuAB = 675{0.4400i – 0.6532j – 0.6162k} N

= {297i – 440.9j – 415.9k} N Ans
Coordinate Direction Angles : From the unit vector uAB obtained

above, we have
cos = 0.4400 = 63.9° Ans

cos = –0.6532 = 131° Ans
cos = –0.6162 = 128° Ans
8366
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*2–72.
•2–72. If the force in each cable tied to the bin is 350 N,
determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles
of the resultant force.
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uA, uB, uC and uD of FA, FB, FC and FD must be determined first. E
From Fig. a, FC
FA 1.8 m
rA (0.9 – 0)i + (–0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6 FD
uA = = = i– j– k FB
rA (0.9 – 0) 2 + (–0.6 – 0) 2 + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7 D
rB (0.9 – 0)i + (0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6 A C
uB = = = i+ j– k 0.6 m
rB (0.9 – 0) 2 + (0.6 – 0) 2 + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7 x 0.6 m B 0.9 m
y
rC (–0.9 – 0)i + (0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6
uC = = =– i+ j– k 0.9 m
rC (–0.9 – 0) 2 + (0.6 – 0) 2 + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
rD (–0.9 – 0)i + (–0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6
uD = = =– i– j– k
rD 2 2
(–0.9 – 0) + (–0.6 – 0) + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
Thus, the force vectors FA, FB, FC and FD are given by
3 2 6 
FA = FAuA = 350  i – j – k = [150i – 100j – 300k] N
7 7 7 
3 2 6 
FB = FBuB = 350  i + j – k = [150i + 100j – 300k] N
7 7 7 
 3 2 6 
FC = FCuC = 350  – i + j – k = [–150i + 100j – 300k] N
 7 7 7 
 3 2 6 
FD = FDuD = 350  – i – j – k = [–150i – 100j – 300k] N
 7 7 7 
Resultant Force:
FR = FA + FB + FC + FD = (150i – 100j – 300k) + (150i + 100j – 300k) + (–150i + 100j – 300k) + (–150i – 100j – 300k)
= {–1200k} N
FR = (FR ) x 2 + (FR ) y 2 + (FR ) z 2
= 0 + 0 + (–1200) 2 = 1200 N Ans

 (F )   0 
= cos–1  R x  = cos–1  = 90° Ans E(0, 0, 1.8) m
 FR   1200 
 (FR ) y   0 
= cos–1   = cos–1  = 90° Ans
 FR   1200 
 (F )   –1200 
= cos–1  R z  = cos–1  = 180° Ans D(–0.9, –0.6, 0) m
F
 R   1200 
C(–0.9, 0.6, 0) m
A(0.9, –0.6, 0) m
B(0.9, 0.6, 0) m
6792
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2–106.
2–73. If the resultant of the four forces is
F 1.8 k kN, determine the tension developed in
each cable. Due to symmetry, the tension in the four cables
is the same.
E
FA FC 1.8 m
FD
FB
D
A C
0.6 m
x 0.6 m B 0.9 m
y
0.9 m
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uA, uB, uC and uD of FA, FB, FC and FD must be determined first.
From Fig. a,
rA (0.9 – 0)i + (–0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6
uA = = = i– j– k
rA 2 2
(0.9 – 0) + (–0.6 – 0) + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
rB (0.9 – 0)i + (0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6

uB = = = i+ j– k
rB 2 2
(0.9 – 0) + (0.6 – 0) + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
rC (–0.9 – 0)i + (0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6

uC = = =– i+ j– k
rC (–0.9 – 0) 2 + (0.6 – 0) 2 + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
rD (–0.9 – 0)i + (–0.6 – 0)j + (0 – 1.8)k 3 2 6

uD = = =– i– j– k
rD 2 2
(–0.9 – 0) + (–0.6 – 0) + (0 – 1.8) 2 7 7 7
Since the magnitudes of FA, FB, FC and FD are the same and denoted as F, they can be written as
3 2 6 
FA = FAuA = F  i – j – k
7 7 7 
3 2 6 
FB = FBuB = F  i + j – k
7 7 7 
 3 2 6 
FC = FCuC = F  – i + j – k
 7 7 7 
 3 2 6 
FD = FDuD = F  – i – j – k
 7 7 7 
Resultant Force: The vectors addition of FA, FB, FC and FD is equal to FR. Thus,
FR = FA + FB + FC + FD
 3 2 6   3 2 6    3 2 6    3 2 6 
{–1.8k} = F  i – j – k  + F  i + j – k  + F  – i + j – k  + F  – i – j – k 
  7 7 7     7 7 7     7 7 7     7 7 7  
24
–1.8k = – k E(0, 0, 1.8) m
7
Thus,
24
1.8 = F F = 0.525 kN Ans
7
D(–0.9, –0.6, 0) m
C(–0.9, 0.6, 0) m
A(0.9, –0.6, 0) m
B(0.9, 0.6, 0) m
9368
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•2–74. The door is held opened by means of two chains. If z

C
the tension in AB and CD is FA = 300 N and FC = 250 N,
respectively, express each of these forces in Cartesian
vector form. 1.5 m
2.5 m
Unit Vector: First determine the position vector rAB and rCD. The coordinates of
FC 250 N
points A and C are
A
A[0, –(1 + 1.5 cos 30°), 1.5 sin 30°] m = A[0, –2.299, 0.750) m
FA 300 N
C[–2.50, –(1 + 1.5 cos 30°), 1.5 sin 300°] m = C[–2.50, –2.299, 0.750) m
Then
rAB = {(0 – 0)i + [0 – (–2.299)]j + (0 – 0.750)k} m 30 D
= {2.299j – 0.750k} m
1m 0.5 m
rAB = 2.2992 + (–0.750)2 = 2.418 m B
r 2.299j – 0.750k
uAB = rAB = = 0.9507j – 0.3101k y
AB 2.418
x
rCD = {[–0.5 – (–2.5)]i + [0 – (–2.299)]j + (0 – 0.750)k} m
= {2.00i + 2.299j – 0.750k} m
rCD = 2.002 + 2.2992 + (–0.750)2 = 3.138 m
r 2.00i + 2.299j – 0.750k
uCD = rCD = = 0.6373i + 0.7326j – 0.2390k
CD 3.138
Force Vector:
FA = FAuAB = 300{0.9507j – 0.3101k} N
= {285.21j – 93.04k} N
= {285j – 93.0k} N Ans
FC = FCuCD = 250{0.6373i + 0.7326j – 0.2390k} N
= {159.33i + 183.15j – 59.75k} N
= {159i + 183j – 59.7k} N Ans
2–75. The guy wires are used to support the telephone z

pole. Represent the force in each wire in Cartesian vector
form. Neglect the diameter of the pole.
B 1.5 m
A
FB 175 N
FA 250 N
4m
2m 4m
D
C
3m
1m
Unit Vector: y
rAC = {(–1 – 0)i + (4 – 0)j + (0 – 4)k} m = {–1i + 4j – 4k} m x
Force Vector:
rAC = (–1) + 4 + (–4) = 5.745 m
2 2 2
FA = FAuAC = 250{–0.1741i + 0.6963j – 0.6963k} N
r –1i + 4j – 4k = {–43.52i + 174.08j – 174.08k} N
uAC = rAC = = –0.1741i + 0.6963j – 0.6963k
AC 5.745 = {–43.5i + 174j – 174k} N Ans
rBD = {(2 – 0)i + (–3 – 0)j + (0 – 5.5)k} m = {2i – 3j – 5.5k} m FB = FBuBD = 175{0.3041i – 0.4562j – 0.8363k} N
= {53.22i – 79.83j – 146.36k} N
rBD = 22 + (–3)2 + (–5.5)2 = 6.576 m
= {53.2i – 79.8j – 146k} N Ans
r 2i – 3j – 5.5k
uBD = rBD = = 0.3041i – 0.4562j – 0.8363k
BD 6.576
85
69
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2–76. Two cables are used to secure the overhang boom in

*2–76. z
position and support the 1500-N load. If the resultant force 2m B
is directed along the boom from point A towards O, x
3m
determine the magnitudes of the resultant force and forces
C
FB and FC. Set x = 3 m and z = 2 m.
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC must be determined first. From Fig. a, z FB
r (–2 – 0)i + (0 – 6)j + (3 – 0)k 2 6 3
uB = B = =– i– j+ k A
rB 7 7 7 6 m FC
(–2 – 0)2 + (0 – 6)2 + (3 – 0)2
x y
rC (3 – 0)i + (0 – 6)j + (2 – 0)k 3 6 2
uC = = i– j+ k
rC = 7 7 7
(3 – 0)2 + (0 – 6)2 + (2 – 0)2
1500 N
Thus, the force vectors FB and FC are given by
2 6 3
FB = FBuB = – F i– F j+ F k
7 B 7 B 7 B
3 6 2
FC = FCuC = – FC i – F j+ F k
7 7 C 7 C
Since the resultant force FR is directed along the negative y axis, and the
load W is directed along the z axis, these two forces can be written as
FR = – FR j and W = [–1500k] N
Resultant Force: The vector addition of FB, FC, and W is equal to FR. Thus,
FR = FB + FC + W
 2 6 3  3 6 2 
–FR j =  – FBi – FB j + FBk +  FCi – FC j + FC k + (–1500k)
 7 7 7   7 7 7 
 2 3   6 6  3 2 
–FR j =  – FB + FC  i + – F – F F + F – 1500 k
 7 B 7 C  j +  7 B 7 C 
 7 7 
2 3
0=– F + F (1)
7 B 7 C
6 6
–FR = – FB – F (2)
7 7 C
3 2
0 = FB + FC – 1500 (3)
7 7
Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (3) yields
FC = 1615.38 N = 1.62 kN Ans
FB = 2423.08 N = 2.42 kN Ans
FR = 3461.53 N = 3.46 kN Ans
8670
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2–77.
*2–77. Two cables are used to secure the overhang boom z
in position and support the 1500-N load. If the resultant 2m B
force is directed along the boom from point A towards O, x
3m
determine the values of x and z for the coordinates of point
C
C and the magnitude of the resultant force. Set
FB = 1610 N and FC = 2400 N.
z FB
Force Vectors: From Fig. a,
A
r (–2 – 0)i + (0 – 6)j + (3 – 0)k 6 m FC
uB = B = 2 6 3 x y
rB =– i– j+ k
(–2 – 0)2 + (0 – 6)2 + (3 – 0)2 7 7 7
rC (x – 0)i + (0 – 6)j + (z – 0)k x 6 z 1500 N

uC = = i– j+ k
rC =
(x – 0) + (0 – 6) + (z – 0)
2 2 2
x + z + 36
2 2
x + z + 36
2 2
x + z2 + 36
2
Thus,
 2 6 3 
FB = FBuB = 1610  – i – j + k  = [–460i – 1380j + 690k] N
 7 7 7 
x 6 z
FC = FCuC = 2400  i– j+ k
 x2 + z2 + 36 x2 + z2 + 36 x2 + z2 + 36 
2400x 14 400 2400z
= i– j+ k
x + z + 36
2 2
x + z + 36
2 2
x + z2 + 36
2
Since the resultant force FR is directed along the negative y axis, and the load
is directed along the z axis, these two forces can be written as
FR = – FR j and W = [–1500k] N
Resultant Force:
FR = FB + FC + W
2400x 14 400 2400z
–FR j = (–460i – 1380j + 690k) +  i– j+ k  + (–1500k)
 x2 + z2 + 36 x2 + z2 + 36 x2 + z2 + 36 
2400x 14 400 2400z
–FR j =  –460  i –  +1380 j +  690 + –1500 k
 x2 + z2 + 36   x2 + z2 + 36   x + z2 + 36
2 

2400x 2400x
0= –460 = 460 (1)
x + z2 + 36
2
x + z2 + 36
2
14 400 14 400
–FR = –  +1380 FR = +1380 (2)
 x2 + z2 + 36  x + z2 + 36
2
2400z 2400z
0 = 690 + –1500 = 810 (3)
x + z2 + 36
2
x + z2 + 36
2
Dividing Eq. (1) by Eq. (3), yields

x = 0.5679z (4)
Substituting Eq. (4) into Eq. (1), and solving
z = 2.197 m = 2.20 m Ans
Substituting z = 2.197 m into Eq. (4), yields
x = 1.248 m = 1.25 m Ans
Substituting x = 1.248 m and z = 2.197 m into Eq. (2), yields
FR = 3591.85 N = 3.59 kN Ans
7187
F = FuAB = 1.75{0.4096i + 0.7094j – 0.5735k} N
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
exist. No = {0.717i
portion of +this
1.24j – 1.00k}
material be reproduced, inAns
maykN any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
2–78. Given the three vectors A, B, and D, show that

A (B D) (A B) (A D).
Since the component of (B + D) is equal to the sum of the components of B and D, then
A (B D) A B A D (QED)
Also,
A · (B + D) = (Axi + Ay j + Azk) · [(Bx + Dx)i + (By + Dy)j + (Bz + Dz)k]

= Ax(Bx + Dx) + Ay(By + Dy) + Az(Bz + Dz)
= (AxBx + AyBy + AzBz) + (AxDx + AyDy + AzDz)
= (A · B) + (A · D) (QED)
96
02b Ch02b 57-106.indd 96 6/12/09 8:22:58 AM
72
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2–79.
*2–79. Determine the projected component of the force z
FAB = 560 N acting along cable AC. Express the result as a
Cartesian vector. 1.5 m
1.5 m B
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uAB and uAC must be determined first. From Fig. a, C
1m
r (–1.5 – 0)i + (0 – 3)j + (1 – 0)k 3 6 2
uAB = AB = =– i– j+ k
rAB 7 7 7
(–1.5 – 0)2 + (0 – 3)2 + (1 – 0)2
3m FAB 560 N
rAC (1.5 – 0)i + (0 – 3)j + (3 – 0)k 1 2 2
uAC = = i– j+ k
rAC = 3 3 3
(1.5 – 0)2 + (0 – 3)2 + (1 – 0)2 A
y
x 3m
Thus, the force vector FAB is given by
 3 6 2 
FAB = FABuAB = 560  – i – j + k  = [–240i – 480j + 160k] N
 7 7 7 
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of FAB is

1 2 2 
(FAB)AC = FAB · uAC = (–240i – 480j + 160k) ·  i– j + k
3 3 3 
1  2  2
= (–240)   + (–480)  –  + 160  3 
3  3
= 346.67 N
Thus, (FAB)AC expressed in Cartesian vector form is

1 2 2 
(FAB)AC = (FAB)ACuAC = 346.67  i – j + k 
3 3 3 
= [116i – 231j + 231k] N Ans
7397
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•2–80.
*2–80. Determine the magnitudes of the components of z
force F = 56 N acting along and perpendicular to line AO.
D
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uAD and uAO must be determined first. From Fig. a,
1m F 56 N
r [0–(–1.5)]i + (0 – 3)j + (2 – 1)k 3 6 2 C
uAD = AD = = i– j+ k
rAD 7 7 7 1m O A
[0–(–1.5)]2 + (0 – 3)2 + (2 – 1)2
rAO [0–(–1.5)]i + (0 – 3)j + (0 – 1)k 3 6 2 B
uAO = x
rAO = = i– j– k 3m
[0–(–1.5)]2 + (0 – 3)2 + (0 – 1)2 7 7 7 1.5 m
Thus, the force vector F is given by y
3 6 2 
F = FuAD = 56  i – j + k  = [24i – 48j + 16k] N
7 7 7 
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F parallel to line AO is
3 6 2 
(FAO)paral = F · uAO = (24i – 48j + 16k) ·  i – j – k 
7 7 7 
3  6  2
= (24)   + (–48)  –  + (16)  – 
7  7  7
= 46.86 N = 46.9 N Ans
The component of F perpendicular to line AO is
(FAO)per = F 2 – (F AO)paral
= 562 – 46.862
= 30.7 N Ans
9874
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2–81.
2–114. Determine the length of side BC of the triangular z
plate. Solve the problem by finding the magnitude of rBC;
then check the result by first finding q , rAB, and rAC and
then using the cosine law. 3m
B
4m
A
u
1m
y
1m 3m
rBC = {3i + 2j – 4k} m
5m C
rBC = (3)2 + (2)2 + (–4)2 = 5.39 m Ans
x
Also,
rAC = {3i + 4j – 1k} m
rAC = (3)2 + (4)2 + (–1)2 = 5.0990 m  rAC · rAB  5

u = cos–1  r r  = cos–1
 AC AB  (5.0990)(3.6056)
rAB = {2j + 3k} m
u = 74.219°
rAB = (2)2 + (3)2 = 3.6056 m
rBC = (5.0990)2 + (3.6056)2 – 2(5.0990)(3.6056) cos 74.219°
rAC · rAB = 0 + 4(2) + (–1)(3) = 5
rBC = 5.39 m Ans
7599
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2–82. Determine the magnitudes of the components of z

F = 600 N acting along and perpendicular to segment DE
of the pipe assembly.
A
2m
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uEB and uED must be determined first. From Fig. a, B
r (0 – 4)i + (2 – 5)j + [0 – (–2)k 2m
uEB = EB = = –0.7428i – 0.5571j + 0.3714k
rEB
(0 – 4)2 + (2 – 5)2 + [0 – (–2)]2 x y
2m
uED = –j
2m C
Thus, the force vector F is given by D F 600 N
F = FuEB = 600(–0.7428i – 0.5571j + 0.3714k) = [–445.66i – 334.25j + 222.83k] N
3m
E
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the component of F parallel to segment DE of
the pipe assembly is
(FED)paral = F · uED = (–445.66i – 334.25j + 222.83k) · (–j)
= (–445.66)(0) + (–334.25)(–1) + (222.83)(0)
= 334.25 = 334 N Ans
The component of F perpendicular to segment DE of the pipe assembly is
(F ED)per = F 2 – (F ED)paral 2 = 6002 – 334.252 = 498 N Ans
100
76
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2–83.
*2–83. Two forces act on the hook. Determine the angle z
u between them. Also, what are the projections of F1 and F2
along the y axis?
F1 = 600 cos 120°i + 600 cos 60°j + 600 cos 45°k F1 600 N
= –300i + 300j + 424.3k; F1 = 600 N

45
F2 = 120i + 90j – 80k; F2 = 170 N

60
F1 · F2 = (–300)(120) + (300)(90) + (424.3)(–80) = –42 944 120
u
 –42 944 
u = cos–1 = 115° Ans
(170)(600) y
x F2 {120i + 90j – 80k}N

u=j
So,
F1y = F1 · j = (300)(1) = 300 N Ans
F2y = F2 · j = (90)(1) = 90 N Ans
•2–84.
*2–84. Two forces act on the hook. Determine the z
magnitude of the projection of F2 along F1.
F1 600 N
45
60
120
u
x F2 {120i + 90j – 80k}N
u1 = cos 120°i + cos 60°j + cos 45°k
Proj F2 = F2 · u1 = (120)(cos 120°) + (90)(cos 60°) + (–80)(cos 45°)
|Proj F2| = 71.6 N Ans
101
77
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2–85. Determine the projection of force F = 80 N along z

line BC. Express the result as a Cartesian vector.
A
F 80 N
D E
C
1.5 m B
F 1.5 m
x 2m
2m y
2m
2m
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uFD and uFC must be determined first. From Fig. a,
rFD (2 – 2)i + (0 – 2)j + (1.5 – 0)k 4 3
uFD = =– j+ k
rFD = 5 5
(2 – 2) + (0 – 2) + (1.5 – 0)
2 2 2
rFC (4 – 2)i + (0 – 2)j + (0 – 0)k

uFC = = 0.7071i – 0.7071j
rFC =
(4 – 2)2 + (0 – 2)2 + (0 – 0)2
Thus, the force vector F is given by

 4 3 
F = FuFD = 80  – j + k  = [–64j + 48k] N
 5 5 
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along line BC is
FBC = F · uFC = (–64j + 48k) · (0.7071i – 0.7071j)
= (0)(0.7071) + (–64)(–0.7071) + 48(0)
= 45.25 = 45.2 N Ans
The component of FBC can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as

FBC = FBC(uFC) = 45.25(0.7071i – 0.7071j)
= {32i – 32j} N Ans
102
78
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2–86. The clamp is used on a jig. If the vertical force z A

acting on the bolt is F = { - 500k} N, determine the
magnitudes of its components F1 and F2 which act along the
OA axis and perpendicular to it. 40 mm
O y
20 mm
x 40 mm
F { 500 k} N
Unit Vector: The unit vector along AO axis is

(0 – 20)i + (0 – 40)j + (0 – 40)k 1 2 2
uAO = =– i– j– k
(0 – 20)2 + (0 – 40)2 + (0 – 40)2 3 3 3
Projected Component of F Along OA Axis:

 1 2 2 
F1 = F · uAO = (–500k) · – i – j – k 
 3 3 3 
 1  2  2
= (0) –  + (0)  –  + (–500)  – 
 3  3  3
= 333.33 N = 333 N Ans
Component of F Perpendicular to OA Axis: Since the magnitude of

force F is F = 500 N so that
F2 = F 2 – F 12) = 5002 – 333.332 = 373 N Ans
103
79
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2–87.
*2–87. Determine the magnitude of the projected
component of force FAB acting along the z axis.
A
FAC 3 kN
9m
FAB 3.5 kN
D
4.5 m
Unit Vector: The unit vector uAB must be determined first. From Fig. a, O 3m
B
rAB (4.5 – 0)i + (–3 – 0)j + (0 – 9)k 3 2 6
uAB = = = i– j– k 3m
rAB 2 2
(4.5 – 0) + (–3 – 0) + (0 – 9) 2 7 7 7 3m C
30 y
x
Thus, the force vector FAB is given by
3 2 6 
FAB = FABuAB = 3.5  i – j – k = {1.5i – 1j – 3k} kN
7 7 7 
Vector Dot Product: The projected component of FAB along the z axis is
(FAB)z = FAB · k = (1.5i – 1j – 3k) · k
= –3 kN
The negative sign indicates that (FAB)z is directed towards the negative z axis. Thus
(FAB)z = 3 kN Ans
A(0, 0, 9) m
B(4.5, –3, 0) m
104
80
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*2–88.
•2–88. Determine the magnitude of the projected
component of force FAC acting along the z axis.
A
FAC 3 kN
9m
FAB 3.5 kN
D
4.5 m
O 3m
B
3m
3m C
30 y
x
Unit Vector: The unit vector uAC must be determined first. From Fig. a,
rAC (3 sin 30° – 0)i + (3 cos 30° – 0)j + (0 – 9)k
uAC = = = 0.1581i + 0.2739j – 0.9487k
rAC (3 sin 30° – 0) 2 + (3 cos 30° – 0) 2 + (0 – 9) 2
Thus, the force vector FAC is given by
FAC = FACuAC = 3(0.1581i + 0.2739j – 0.9487k) = {0.4743i + 0.8217j – 2.8461k} kN
Vector Dot Product: The projected component of FAC along the z axis is
(FAC)z = FAC · k = (0.4743i + 0.8217j – 2.8461k) · k
= –2.8461 kN
The negative sign indicates that (FAC)z is directed towards the negative z axis. Thus
(FAC)z = 2.846 kN Ans
A(0, 0, 9) m
C(3 sin 30°, 3 cos 30°, 0) m
105
81
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2–89. Determine the projection of force F = 400 N z

acting along line AC of the pipe assembly. Express the result
as a Cartesian vector. F 400 N
B
C 45
30
A
3m
4m
x
y
Force and unit Vector: The force vector F and unit vector uAC must be determined first.
From Fig. a,
F = 400(– cos 45° sin 30°i + cos 45° cos 30°j + sin 45°k)
= {–141.42i + 244.95j + 282.84k}
r (0 – 0)i + (4 – 0)j + (3 – 0)k 4 3
uAC = AC = = j+ k
rAC 5 5
(0 – 0) + (4 – 0) + (3 – 0)
2 2 2
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along line AC is
4 3 
FAC = F · uAC = (–141.42i + 244.95j + 282.84k) ·  j + k
5 5 
4 3
= (–141.42)(0) + 244.95   + 282.84  
5 5
= 365.66 N Ans
Thus, FAC written in Cartesian vector form is
4 3 
FAC = FACuAC = 365.66  j + k = {293j + 219k} N Ans
5 5 
106
82
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2–90. Determine the magnitudes of the components of z

force F = 400 N acting parallel and perpendicular to
segment BC of the pipe assembly. F 400 N
B
C 45
30
A
3m
4m
x
y
Force Vector: The force vector F must be determined first. From Fig. a,
F = 400 (–cos 45° sin 30°i + cos 45° cos 30°j + sin 45°k)
= {–141.42i + 244.95j + 282.84k} N
Vector Dot Product: By inspecting Fig. (a) we notice that uBC = j. Thus, the magnitude of the
component of F parallel to segment BC of the pipe assembly is
(FBC)paral = F · j = (–141.42i + 244.95j + 282.84k) · j
= –141.42(0) + 244.95(1) + 282.84(0)
= 244.951b = 245 N Ans
The magnitude of the component of F perpendicular to segment BC of the pipe assembly can be
determined from
(FBC)per = F2 – (FBC) paral = 4002 – 244.952 = 316 N Ans
107
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2–91.
*2–91. Cable OA is used to support column OB. z
Determine the angle u it makes with beam OC.
D
Unit Vector : O 30
y
uOC = 1i f 4m
C u
(4 – 0)i + (8 – 0)j + (–8 – 0)k
uOC = 8m
(4 – 0)2 + (8 – 0)2 + (–8 – 0)2 x
1 2 2 8m
= i+ j– k
3 3 3
The Angles Between Two Vectors u : B A
1 2 2   1  2  2 1
uOC · uOA = (1i) ·  i + j – k = 1  + (0)   + 0 –  =
3 3 3   3  3 3 3
Then,
1
u = cos–1 (uOC · uOA) = cos–1 = 70.5° Ans
3
*2–92. Cable
•2–92. OA is used to support column OB. z
Determine the angle f it makes with beam OD.
D
O 30
y
f 4m
C u
8m
x
8m
B A
Unit Vector :
uOD = –sin 30°i + cos 30°j = –0.5i + 0.8660j
(4 – 0)i + (8 – 0)j + (–8 – 0)k
uOA =
(4 – 0)2 + (8 – 0)2 + (–8 – 0)2
1 2 2
= i+ j– k
3 3 3
The Angles Between Two Vectors f :

1 2 2 
uOD · uOA = (–0.5i + 0.8660j) ·  i + j – k
3 3 3 
 1  2  2
= (–0.5)  + (0.8660)   + 0 – 
 3  3  3
= 0.4107
Then,
f = cos–1 (uOD · uOA) = cos–1 0.4107 = 65.8° Ans
108
84
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2–93. The cables each exert a force of 400 N on the post. z

Determine the magnitude of the projected component of F1 F1 400 N
along the line of action of F2.
Force Vector : 35
uF = sin 35° cos 20°i – sin 35° sin 20°j + cos 35°k
1 120
= 0.5390i – 0.1962j + 0.8192k y
u 60
F1 = F1 uF = 400(0.5390i – 0.1962j + 0.8192k) N 20 45
1
= {215.59i – 78.47j + 327.66k} N
Unit Vector : The unit vector along the line of action of F2 is x F2 400 N
uF = cos 45°i + cos 60°j + cos 120°k

2
= 0.7071i + 0.5j – 0.5k
Projected Component of F1 Along Line of Action of F2 :
(F1)F = F1 · uF = (215.59i – 78.47j + 327.66k) · (0.7071i + 0.5j – 0.5k)

2 2
= (215.59)(0.7071) + (–78.47)(0.5) + (327.66)(–0.5)

= –50.6 N
Negative sign indicates that the force component (F1)F acts in the opposite sense
2
of direction to that of uF .
2
thus the magnitude (F1)F = 50.6 N Ans

2
2–94. Determine the angle u between the two cables z

attached to the post. F1 400 N
Unit Vector : 35
uF = sin 35° cos 20°i – sin 35° sin 20°j + cos 35°k
1 120
= 0.5390i – 0.1962j + 0.8192k y
u 60
uF = cos 45°i + cos 60°j + cos 120°k 20 45
2
= 0.7071i +0.5j – 0.5k
x F2 400 N
The Angles Between Two Vector u : The dot product of two unit
vectors must be determined first.
uF · uF = (0.5390i – 0.1962j + 0.8192k) · (0.7071i + 0.5j – 0.5k)

1 2
= 0.5390(0.7071) + (–0.1962)(0.5) + 0.8192(–0.5)
= –0.1265
Then,
u = cos–1 (uF · uF ) = cos–1 (–0.1265) = 97.3° Ans
1 2
109
85
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2–95.
*2–128. A force of F = 80 N is applied to the handle of z
the wrench. Determine the angle u between the tail of the
force and the handle AB.
F 80 N
uF = – cos 30° sin 45°i + cos 30° cos 45°j + sin 30°k
u 30
B
= – 0.6124i + 0.6124j + 0.5k
45
uAB = – j
A
cos u = uF · uAB = (–0.6124i + 0.6124j + 0.5k) · (–j)

300 mm
= –0.6124
y
x 500 mm
u = 128° Ans
•2–129. Determine the angle u between cables AB and AC. z
30.9
ft m
8 ftm
2.4
C
B
12 ft
3.6 m
2.4
8 ftm
y
F
u
4.5 m
15 ft
Position Vector : A
rAB = {(0 – 4.5)i + (0.9 – 0)j + (2.4 – 0)k} m

x
= {–4.5i + 0.9j + 2.4k} m
rAC = {(0 – 4.5)i + (–0.9 – 0)j + (3.6 – 0)k} m

= {–4.5i + 0.9j + 3.6k} m
The magnitudes of the position vectors are
rAB = (–4.5) 2 + (0.9) 2 + (2.4) 2 = 5.1788 m
rAC = (–4.5) 2 + (–2.4) 2 + (3.6) 2 = 6.2426 m
The Angles Between Two Vectors :

rAB · rAC = (–4.5i + 0.9j + 2.4k) · (–4.5i – 2.4j + 3.6k)
= (–4.5)(–4.5) + (0.9)(–2.4) + (2.4)(3.6)
= 26.73 m2
Then,
 rAB · rAC   26.73 
= cos–1  –1
 = cos   = 34.2° Ans
r r
 AB AC   5.1788 (6.2426) 
110
86
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2–135.
*2–96. Determine the x and y components of the 700-lb
N y
700 lb
N
force.
60
30
700 N
Fx = –700 cos 30° = –606 N Ans
Fy = 700 sin 30° = 350 N Ans
700 N
114
87
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2–97.
*2–97. Determine the magnitude of the projected z
500-N force acting along the axis BC of
component of the 100-lb
the pipe. A
B
Force Vector : 0.9 m
3 ft
u
(0 – 1.8)i + (3.6 – 1.2)j + [0 – (–0.6)]k
uCD = 8 ftm
2.4
(0 – 1.8) 2 + (3.6 – 1.2) 2 + [0 – (–0.6)]2 x 4 ftm
1.2 6 ft
1.8 m
= –0.5883i + 0.7845j + 0.1961k 0.62mft C F 500 lb
100 N D
y
F = FuCD = 500(–0.5883i + 0.7845j + 0.1961k)
= {–294.17i + 392.23j + 98.058k} N
Unit Vector : The unit vector along CB is

(0 – 1.8)i + (0 – 1.2)j + [0 – (–0.6)]k
uCB =
(0 – 1.8) 2 + (0 – 1.2) 2 + [0 – (–0.6)]2
= –0.8018i – 0.5345j + 0.2673k
Projected Component of F Along CB:

FCB = F · uCB = (–294.17i + 392.23j + 98.058k) · (–0.8018i – 0.5345j + 0.2673k)
= (–294.17)(–0.8018) + (392.23)(–0.5345) + (98.058)(0.2673)
= 52.43 N Ans
•2–98. Determine the angle u between pipe segments z

BA and BC.
A
B
0.9 m
3 ft
u
8 ftm
2.4
x 4 ftm
1.2 6 ft
1.8 m
0.62mft C D
F 500 lb
100 N y
Position Vector :
rBA = {–0.9i} m
rBC = {(1.8 – 0)i + (1.2 – 0)j + (–0.6 – 0)k} m

= {1.8i + 1.2j + 0.6k} m
The magnitudes of the position vectors are
rBA = 0.9 m
rBC = 1.8 2 + 1.2 2 + (–0.6) 2 = 2.245 m
The Angles Between Two Vectors :

rBA · rBC = (–0.9i)(1.8i + 1.2j – 0.6k)
= (–0.9)(1.8) + (0)(1.2) + (0)(–0.6)
= –1.62 m2
Then,
 rBA · rBC   –1.62 
= cos–1  –1
 = cos   = 143° Ans
r r
 BA BC   0.9 (2.245) 
88
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2–99. Determine the magnitude and direction of the y

resultant FR = F1 + F2 + F3 of the three forces by first F2 75 N
finding the resultant F¿ = F1 + F3 and then forming F1 80 N
FR = F¿ + F2. Specify its direction measured counter-
F3 50 N
clockwise from the positive x axis.
30
F¿ = (80)2 + (50)2 – 2(80)(50) cos 105° = 104.7 N 30
sin f sin 105° ; 45

= f = 47.54°
80 104.7 x
FR = (104.7)2 + (75)2 – 2(104.7)(75) cos 162.46°
FR = 177.7 = 178 N Ans
sin b sin 162.46° ; b = 10.23°

=
104.7 177.7
u = 75° + 10.23° = 85.2° Ans
116
89
© 2011
© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in
anyany form
form oror
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
2–139. Determine the design angle u (u < 90°) between

*2–100.
the two struts so that the 500-lb
N horizontal force has a B
component of 600 lb
N directed from A toward C. What is the
component of force acting along member BA?
C 20
u
N
500 lb
A
The parallelogram law of addition and the triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b.
N
FR = 5002 + 6002 – 2(500)(600) cos 20°
= 214.91 N = 215 N Ans N
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b and using this result yields
sin u sin 20°
= u = 52.7° Ans
500 214.91
117
90
©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
Education,Inc.,
Inc.,Upper
UpperSaddle
SaddleRiver,
River,NJ.
NJ.All
Allrights
protectedunder
copyrightlaws
lawsasasthey
theycurrently
currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybe
bereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
anyform
formororby
byany
anymeans,
means,without
withoutpermission
writingfrom
publisher.
2–101. Determine the magnitude and direction of the

*2–101. F2 10
50 lb
N
smallest force F3 so that the resultant force of all three
5
100lb.
forces has a magnitude of 20 N. 4
F3
3
u
F1 525lbN
50 N
25 N
F3 is minimum :
F3 = 100 – F1 + F2
  3   4 68.007 N

F1 + F2 =  25 + 50    i +  50    j = 55i + 40j
  5   5
F1 + F2 = 55 2 + 40 2 = 68.007 N 100 N

 40 
= tan–1   = 36.0° Ans
 55 
Thus
(F3)min = 100 – 68.007 = 31.993 N Ans
118
91
©© 2011
2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Inc.,
Inc., Upper
Upper Saddle
Saddle River,
River, NJ.NJ.
AllAll rights
rights reserved.
reserved. This
This material
protected under
copyright laws
laws asas they
they currently
currently
exist.
exist. NoNo portion
portion of of this
this material
material maymay
bebe reproduced,
reproduced, in in any
any form
form oror
byby
anyany means,
means, without
without permission
writing from
publisher.
•2–102. Resolve the 250-N force into components acting

along the u and v axes and determine the magnitudes of
these components.
u
20
250 N
40
250 Fu ; Fu = 186 N Ans

=
sin 120° sin 40°
250 Fu ; Fu = 98.7 N Ans

=
sin 120° sin 20°
2–103. Cable AB exerts a force of 80 N on the end of the z

3-m-long boom OA. Determine the magnitude of the
projection of this force along the boom. B
Vector Analysis:
 rAB   3 cos 60° 3 sin 60° 4  4m

F = 80   = 80  – i– j + k
 rAB  5 5 5 
= – 24 i – 41.57 j + 64 k O
y
80 N
uAO = – cos 60° i – sin 60° j = – 0.5 i – 0.866 j 60
3m
Proj F = F · uAO (–24)(–0.5) + (–41.57)(–0.866) + (64)0 = 48.0 N Ans A
x
Scalar Analysis:
 4
Angle OAB = tan–1   = 53.13°
 3
Proj F = 80 cos 53.13° = 48.0 N Ans
119
92
©©2011
2010Pearson
PearsonEducation,
Education,Inc.,
Inc.,Upper
UpperSaddle
SaddleRiver,
River,NJ.
NJ.All
Allrights reserved.
This is is
copyright
copyrightlaws
lawsasas
they currently
they currently
exist.
exist.No
Noportion
portionofofthis
thismaterial
materialmay
maybebereproduced,
reproduced,ininany
anyform
formororbybyany
anymeans,
means,without
withoutpermission
writingfrom
fromthe
thepublisher.
publisher.
*2–104.
2–104. The three supporting cables exert the forces shown z
on the sign. Represent each force as a Cartesian vector.
C 2m
E 2m
B
FE 350 N
3m
FC 400 N
FB 400 N
D
2m y
A 3m
Unit Vector :
Force Vector :
rAB = {(0 – 5)i + (2 – 0)j + (3 – 0)k} m ={–5i + 2j + 3k} m
rAB = (–5)2 + 22 + 32 = 6.164 m FB = FBuAB = 400{–0.8111i + 0.3244j + 0.4867k} N
rAB –5i + 2j + 3k = {–324.44i = 129.78j = 194.67k} N
uAB = = = –0.8111i + 0.3244j + 0.4867k = {–324i + 130j + 195k} N Ans
rAB 6.164
rAC = {(0 – 5)i + (–2 – 0)j + (3 – 0)k} m ={–5i – 2j + 3k} m FC = FCuAB = 400{–0.8111i – 0.3244j + 0.4867k} N
= {–324.44i – 129.78j + 194.67k} N
rAC = (–5)2 + (–2)2 + 32 = 6.164 m
= {–324i – 130j + 195k} N Ans
rAC –5i – 2j + 3k
uAC = = = –0.8111i – 0.3244j + 0.4867k
rAC 6.164 FE = FEuDE = 350{–0.5547i + 0.8321k} N
= {–194.15i + 291.22k} N
rDE = {(0 – 2)i + (0 – 0)j + (3 – 0)k} m ={–2i + 3k} m = {–194i + 291k} N Ans
rDE = (–2)2 + 32 = 3.605 m
rDE –2i + 3k
uDE = = = –0.5547i + 0.8321k
rDE 3.605
120
93

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•2–1. If u = 30° and T = 6 kN, determine the magnitude y

FR = 62 + 82 – 2(6)(8) cos 75°

2–2. If u = 60° and T = 5 kN, determine the magnitude y

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

FR = 52 + 82 – 2(5)(8) cos 105°

2–3. If the magnitude of the resultant force is to be 9 kN y

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

T= 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) cos 45°

*2–4. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force F2 150 N

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

FR = 2002 + 1502 – 2(200)(150) cos 75°

•2–5. Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes, F2 N

Applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields

2–6. Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes, v

Applying the law of sines to Fig. b,

2–7. IfIf FFB == 22kN

Applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields

sin f sin 30°

*2–8. If the resultant force is required to act along the y

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

FB = 32 + 52 – 2(3)(5) cos 30°

sin u sin 30°

•2–9. The plate is subjected to the two forces at A and B FA 8 kN

Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is shown in

Trigonometry : Using law of cosines [Fig. (b)], we have

FR = 82 + 62 – 2(8)(6) cos 100°

The angleu can be determined using law of sines [Fig. (b)].

Thus, the direction f of FR measured from the x axis is

f = 33.16° – 30° = 3.16° Ans

2–10. Determine the angle of u for connecting member A FA 8 kN

Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is shown in

Trigonometry : Using law of sines [Fig. (b)], we have

sin (90° – u) sin 50°

FR = 82 + 62 – 2(8)(6) cos 94.93°

2–11. If the tension in the cable is 400 N, determine the y

FR = (400)2 + (400)2 – 2(400)(400) cos 60° = 400 N Ans

sin u sin 60°

*2–12. The device is used for surgical replacement of the y¿ y

•2–13. The device is used for surgical replacement of the y¿ y

2–14. Determine thethe design

Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is

Trigonometry : Using law of sines [Fig. (b)], we have

sin sin 40°

= 53.46° = 53.5° Ans

Thus, = 180° – 40° – 53.46° = 86.54°

FAC = 1242 N Ans

Trigonometry : Using law of cosines [Fig. (b)], we have

FAC = 800 2 + 1200 2 – 2(800)(1200) cos 30°

sin sin 30°

*2–16. Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes v

•2–17. Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes v

2–18. The truck is to be towed using two ropes. Determine y

Parallelogram Law : The parallelogram law of addition is

Trigonometry : Using law of sines [Fig. (b)], we have

2–19. The truck is to be towed using two ropes. If the y

Parallelogram Law : In order to produce a minimum force FB, FB has

Trigonometry : Fig. (b).

FB = 950 sin 20° = 325 N Ans

FA = 950 cos 20° = 893 N Ans

u = 90° – 20° = 70.0° Ans

*2–20. If f = 45°, F1 = 5 kN, and the resultant force is x

F2 = 62 + 52 – 2(6)(5) cos 45°