Sri Yantra and Golden Ratio

By
Pisipati SS Prasad (Kesavanandanatha)

Golden Ratio - Mathematics

The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ……..

In mathematical terms, the sequence Fn of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence

relation

Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 with seed values F0 = 0 and F1 = 1

When we take any two successive (one after the other leaving first few numbers) Fibonacci
Numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio "φ" which is approx. 1.618034...
In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci Numbers, the closer the approximation.

Let us consider a line AC with a point B on line AC. Various dimensions and derivation of
Golden Ratio are given below:

A B C
AB = 1 Unit
BC = 0.618 Units
AC = 1.618 Units
AB/ BC = 1.618
AC/ AB = 1.618

Let me explain in another way.

Draw a square of unit 1, ABCD. Draw a vertical line EF in the middle. Join diagonal of
rectangle EFBC i.e. FC. Extend the line AB towards B. Draw an arc with radius FC which will
cut extended AB at G.
Say AB = 2 units
AF = FB = 1 unit
FC = SQRT (5) units
AG = 1 + SQRT(5) units
BG = SQRT(5) – 1 units
AG/ AB = AB/ BG = 1.618 which is the Golden ratio.
Another interesting and Unique feature of Phi is
φ2 = φ + 1

Golden ratio - History

Before Fibonacci who made this popular, Indian mathematicians used this series extensively
in mathematics, day to day life and in spiritual practices. Phi is considered as very important
ratio particularly in dynamic geometry. The relevance of this ratio is that it is found in all
known organic structures including humans. Like our bones in the hand or legs are as per the
Golden ratio and we can give many more examples like this. In the stock movement prediction
soft wares use Golden ratio extensively.

Golden Ratio is illustrated in the book “Venus Blueprint: Uncovering the Ancient Science of
Sacred Spaces” in a very explicit way. As per Rishi Pingala one of the great mathematicians of
India, has mentioned that Mount Meru has been described as Fibonacci spiral. What is known
as Pascal’s triangle was explained by Pingala. Pascal called this triangle and Pingala called this
mountain which is representative of Mount Meru. As per Pinagala, this series creates a
mountain with a pattern, with 1 at the top and spiralling downward as adjacent arithmetic
proportions that converge towards the golden ratio.

Pascal’s Triangle, were already described by Pingala 2500 years ago as part of Chandas
Shastra, with reference to Matra-Meru, & the concept has been used by Sanskrit Poets for
2000+ years.

Indian astronomer and mathematician Varahamihira also knew these numbers and he computed
them in the way described above. The oldest record of the triangular arrangement seems to be
in the writings of the Indian scholar Halayudha, who in the tenth century explained Pingala's
findings. In Halayudha's commentary on Pingala's verse metric, this triangle is called the Meru
Prastara (he may be referring to Meru Prastara of Sri yantra), the “staircase to Meru.”
Halayudha saw in it a symbolic representation of the sacred Mount Meru, a mythological
mountain in Hindu cosmology.

Construction of Meru as below :

• At the top center of your paper write the number “1.”
• On the next row write two 1’s, forming a triangle.
• On each subsequent row start and end with 1’s and compute each interior term by
summing the two numbers above it.
 1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1
1 …

Many mathematical problems can be solved through this Meru. I am not getting too much into
mathematics as this is not our subject of discussion however I would like to touch few obvious
and basic observations.

• From below diagram one can see Fibonacci series. Hence Fibonacci series was
explained by Pingala few thousands years before Fibonacci.

• From below table, you may observe explanation of powers of 2. This is the basis for
many calculation
ROW 1 = 2^0 1 = 1

ROW 2 = 2^1 1 1 = 2

ROW 3 = 2^2 1 2 1 = 4

ROW 4 = 2^3 1 3 3 1 = 8

ROW 5 = 2^4 1 4 6 4 1 = 16

ROW 6 = 2^5 1 5 10 10 5 1 = 32

ROW 7 = 2^6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 = 64

ROW 8 = 2^7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1 = 128

• From below table, you may observe explanation of combinations

• From below table, you may observe explanation of various power of base 11.

ROW 1 1 1 = 11^0

ROW 2 1 1 11 = 11^1

ROW 3 1 2 1 121 = 11^2

ROW 4 1 3 3 1 1331 = 11^3

ROW 5 1 4 6 4 1 14641 = 11^4

ROW 6 1 5 10 10 5 1 161051 = 11^5

ROW 7 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 1771561 = 11^6

ROW 8 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1 19487171 = 11^7

 • From below table you may observe explanation of perfect squares with the help of
Meru

• From the Meru, one can derive binomials as below:

ROW 1 1 = (x+y)^0

ROW 2 1x 1y = (x+y)^1

ROW 3 1x^2 2xy 1y^2 = (x+y)^2

ROW 4 1x^3 3x^2y 3xy^2 1y^3 = (x+y)^3

ROW 5 1x^4 4x^3y 6x^2y^2 4xy^3 y^4 = (x+y)^4

ROW 6 1x^5 5x^4y 10x^3y^2 10x^2y^3 5xy^4 y^5 = (x+y)^5

Meru is also helpful in higher mathematics as well which is beyond the scope of this book. For our
current subject, we can infer, Fibonacci series is as old as few thousand years, and it is from Vedic
times. In those days most of the scientist were also Sadhaks and Veda Pandits. They drew these
mathematical formulae from Vedas.

Golden ratio – Analysis

Let us discuss some more facts about Phi. Following is the Fibonacci series in a tabular form:
 Table – 1 Table – 2
Number size in
Fibonacci Series Phi digits Frequency

0 0.000 1 7
1 0.000 2 5
1 1.000 3 5
2 2.000 4 4
3 1.500 5 5
5 1.667 6 5
8 1.600 7 5
13 1.625 8 4
21 1.615 9 5
34 1.619 10 5
55 1.618 11 5
89 1.618 12 5
144 1.618 13 4
233 1.618 14 5
377 1.618 15 5
610 1.618 16 5
987 1.618 17 5
1597 1.618 18 4
2584 1.618 19 5
4181 1.618 20 5
6765 1.618 21 5
10946 1.618 22 4
17711 1.618 23 5
28657 1.618 24 5
46368 1.618 25 5
75025 1.618 26 5
121393 1.618 27 4
196418 1.618 28 5
317811 1.618 29 5
514229 1.618 30 5
832040 1.618 31 5
1346269 1.618 32 4
2178309 1.618 33 5
3524578 1.618 34 5
5702887 1.618 35 5
9227465 1.618 36 4

In Table - 2 frequency of Fibonacci numbers appearing in each size of the digits for example
if we take 2 digit numbers there are 5 Fibonacci numbers (13, 21, 34, 55, 89). If we add any
consecutive nine numbers in frequency column (leaving 1st number) the total will be 43.
Sri Chakra and Golden Ratio
As mentioned in previous chapters, Sri Chakra is a divine geometry. There are 43 triangle and
9 aavaranas corresponding to facts in Fibonachi Series.

Construction
• Step 1 – Draw a circle with radius 24 units

• Step 2 – Draw a vertical diameter. Draw parallel lines perpendicular to the vertical diameter
at 6, 12, 17, 20, 23,27,30, 36 and 42. Mark them 1 to 9. Mark A and B as top and bottom
points of the vertical diameter

• Step 3 – Construct two triangles with lines 3 & B and line 7 & A. Mark points C & D on
line 3 and E & F on line 7
• Step 4 – Construct following lines
o From mid-point of line 1 onto line 8 through point E
o From mid-point of line 1 onto line 8 through point F
o From mid-point of line 9 onto line 2 through point C
o From mid-point of line 9 onto line 2 through point D
o Trim additional part of lines 2 and 8

• Step 5 – Mark points G & H on line 2 and I & J on line 8 and construct following lines
o From mid-point of line 3 onto line 9 through point I
o From mid-point of line 3 onto line 9 through point J
o From mid-point of line 6 onto line 1 through point G
o From mid-point of line 6 onto line 1 through point H
o Trim additional part of lines 1 and 9
• Step 6 – Mark points K & L on line 4 and M & N on line 6 and construct following lines
o Join mid-point of line 2 to point M on line 6
o Join mid-point of line 2 to point N on line 6
o Join mid-point of line 8 to point K on line 4
o Join mid-point of line 8 to point L on line 4
o Trim additional part of lines 4 and 6

• Step 7 – Mark points O and P on line 5. Draw lines from mid-point of line 7 to O and P
• Step 8 – Draw two circles with Radius 33.94 and 41.57 units with same centre as the first
circle

• Step 9 – Draw 8 petals touching the outer circles. To construct these petals, divide the
middle circles into 8 equal parts and construct petals
• Step 10 – in the same way construct 16 petal between middle and outer circle

• Step 11 – Construct Bhupura as shown in the figure with outer line as 96 units, middle line
as 94 units and inner line as 92 units. Erase 2.4 units, 2.2 units and 2.0 units from the centre
of outer, middle and inner lines respectively from all sides. Draw perpendicular lines from
outer, middle and inner lines with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 units at where the lines are disconnected
after erasing the middle portion.
• Step 12 – construct circle with 0.1 units and fill the circle. Erase the vertical diagonal AB.

Dimensions
As mentioned in construction of Sri Chakra (earlier chapter), all the triangles are in first circle
which is of 48 units, the second circle is 67.88 units and Bhupuram is 96 units square. All the
three are in Golden ratio. Let us study in detail.
In the circle with 48 units draw a square. Draw a vertical line in the middle of the square. Draw
the line as in Figure 2 as per the golden ratio. The circle drawn from the extended line will have
a diameter of 67.88 units. Same way next diameter will be 96 units which is the dimension of
Bhupura. Please note that extended line of the square will be in golden ratio and not the radii
of the circles. Calculation is given below:

Important observations
Let us take first circle
• Diameter of the Circle – 48 Units
• Side of the Square – 33.94 Units
• Diagonal of the rectangle – 37.95 Units
• Arc drawn with 37.95 Units from the mid-point of one side of the square making the
length of line - 54.92 Units
• Corresponding Diameter of the Circle – 67.88 Units
• Golden ratio – 54.92/33.94 = 1.618

Now let us take above Circle

• Diameter of the Circle – 67.88 Units
• Side of the Square – 48 Units
• Diagonal of the rectangle – 53.67 Units
• Arc drawn with 53.67 Units from the mid-point of one side of the square making the
length of line – 77.67 Units
• Corresponding Diameter of the Circle – 96 Units
• Golden ration – 77.67/48 = 1.618

This clearly shows Sri Chakra is as per Golden Ratio and hence all Universal rules must apply
to the Sri Chakra. Same way Universal laws applies to human as well as human body also
follows Golden ratio. This also shows that Sri Chakra represents universe and also human
which has been mentioned by all Tantras and now mathematically also proved. More over three
dimensional Sri Chakra (Meru Prasthara) is also worshipped. Here one may note the
following:
• Height of Sri Chakra is equal to side hence while going up into three dimensional figure
also golden ratio is maintained
• The name of three dimensional Sri Chakra is Meru Prasthara representing Mountain
Meru which is explained by Pingala
• Meru Prasthara explains Universal principles in much more detail as height of Meru
Prasthara is also 96 units

Here it is very important to mention few more facts about Sri Vidya/ Sri Yagam (Sri Chakra
Pooja). While performing Sri Yagam, following Chakras are also used which have very
relevance to Sri Chakra and mathematics around Sri Chakra.
• Kamakala Yantram
• Shatkona
• Sri Mandalam
• Sudarshana Chakra

As explained in earlier chapters Geometry is divinity and Geometry is one of the keys to realise
Ultimate Brahman. It has also been explained that Geometry is of two types static and dynamic
which are interdependent on the other. Static geometry is one which does not need constants
like Pi, Phi etc. to determine area, volume etc. On the other hand dynamic geometry needs
these constants. Cube is the classical example of static geometry and sphere for dynamic
geometry. For each dynamic form which appears in the Universe has its corresponding static
form in cosmic space. Birth is transmission from static to dynamic and death is from dynamic
to static form. We will now discuss few more dynamic geometric Yantras. All the four Chakras
are in similar dimensions to Sri Chakra, follow golden ratio etc.

Kamakala Yantram
Construction
• Draw a circle I with 24 units as radius
• Draw four circles II, III, IV, V passing through centre of I as shown in the figure
• Draw circle VI passing through the intersection of circles II, III, IV, V with same centre
as I
• Draw circle VII touching II, III, IV and V with same centre as I
• Mark the Bindu
• Mark the numbers as mentioned in the diagram

Dimensions
• Diameter of circles I to V – 48 units
• Diameter of circle VI – 67.88 units
• Diameter of circle VII – 96 units

Important observations
• Dimensions are exactly matching dimensions of Sri Chakra. Outer Circle exactly fits
in Bhupura of Sri Chakra
• Inner circle matches with inner circle of Sri Chakra
• Middle circle matches with middle circle of Sri Chakra
 • All the dimensions are as per golden ratio

Points to be noted in Kamakala Yantra

• Total no of points – 21 (one bindu (9), 8 points on the inner circle (1 to 8), 4 points on
the middle circle (10 to 13), 4 points on the outer circle (14 to 17) and four centres of
the four circles II to V (18 to 21))
• Bindu is nothing but a circle with no radius means Bindu is without any attributes.
Bindu is Nirguna Brahma. Nirguna Brahma can’t be represented and hence is
represented as Bindu (although three circles in Sri Chakra represents Nirguna Brahma
and there is no Pooja for these circles. It may be pertinent to know that three circles
have same centre which may be representing three circles of Sri Chakra).
• As Sristi progresses. Bindu expand and takes various shapes. In this case it is
represented as circle (in case of Sri Chakra it takes shape of a triangle).
• This yantra can be correlated to a verse in Purusha Sookta (Saptasva Samparidhaya,
trisapta samidhakrita) as this yantra has 7 circles and 21 points. This number has lot of
relevance while performing Havan.
• Perimeter of the circle is nothing but combination of infinite number of points with
same radius. Paradevata is called Sahasrapath.

Resemblance with Paradevata

• The three circles with point 9 are called Sada Shiva mandala, Loka Tara manadala,
Dahara manadalm hence Kamakala yantra depicts Sada Shiva who is nirguna in three
circles similar to three circles in sree yantra which are nirguna
• Also the inner circle (I) is Surya mandala, central circle (IV) is Brahmanda mandala
and outer circle (VII) is Sada Shiva mandala
 • It is believed that bindu with sankalpa became Kamakala yantra, from there karana
from Sri mandala and karya from Sri chakra have been formed, hence the origins of
Sri chakra can be attributed to Kamakala yantra and vice versa.
• As we believe and it is a fact that in Sri chakra paradevata resides and so is in Kamakala
yantra. Following are the various body parts of paradevata in Kamakala yantra.
o The top circle II- Face
o The triangle formed with points 9-4-8- top right hand
o The triangle formed with points 9-1-7- top left hand
o Triangle formed with 9-3-5- bottom right hand
o Triangle formed with 9-2-6- bottom left hand
o Triangle formed with 4-8-10- 5 arrows
o Triangle formed with 1-11-7- bow
o Triangle formed with3-5-13- ankusham
o Triangle formed with 2-6-12- paasham
o Line formed with 9-8- right eye
o Line formed with 9-1- left eye
o Triangle formed with 4-8-10- right ear
o Triangle formed with 1-7-11- left ear
o Triangle formed with9-5-3- right thigh
o Triangle formed with 9-2-6- left thigh
o Triangle formed with 5-3-13- right knee
o Triangle formed with 6-2-12- left knee
• This yantra is an important yantra in Sri Yagam (Navavarana Pooja for Sri Chakra)
where this yantra is the base for Amrita Patra which is the main Patra from where
sacred milk is distributed into other Patras.
• During the Pratista of Sri Yantra in Koneru Lakshamayya University, my father Sri
Venkata Gopala Krishna Murthy had put copper Kamakala Yantra (2’X2’) alongwith
Pancha loha Meru Sri Chakra (6 inches) under the Sri Yantra after energizing the
Yantra.

Shatkona
Construction
• Draw a circle with 48 units as radius
• Draw two equilateral triangle opposite to each other.
• Draw a circle within the hexagon formed with two triangle
• Both the circles are not part of the Chakra which should be removed
• Mark Bindu

Dimensions
• Outer circle diameter – 96 units (imaginary circle touching all the apexes of
the triangles)
• Middle circle diameter – 67.88 Units (imaginary circle touching all the
intersections of the triangles)
• Inner circle diameter – 48 units (imaginary circle touching all the sides of the
triangles and within the hexagon formed with the two triangles)
Important observations
• Imaginary circle drawn around Shatkona matches with the dimensions of the Sri
Chakra’s Bhupura
• Imaginary circle drawn inside Shatkona matches with the inner circle of Sri Chakra
• All the dimensions are as per golden ratio

Significance
• The Shatkona is a symbol for Siva and Shakti.
• It is made from two triangles, Siva is represented by the upward pointing triangle (△)
and Shakti by the downward pointing triangle (▽).
• Siva represents the masculine side (Purusha) of God and the Sadashiva, who is
Nirguna.
• Shakti represents the feminine side (Prakriti) of God and the Parashakti, the power of
Siva.
• Shatkona is drawn inside Bali Patra while performing Sri Chakra Pooja.
• Overlapping of both the triangles means that there is no difference between Siva and
Shakthi. Both will have qualities of other. They are two sides of same coin.
• Shatkona also represents Subrahmanya, Son of Siva and Parvathi who is the army chief
of Devatas.
• Nataraja who represents annihilation and creation of the worlds through his Tandava
(divine dance) also represents Shatkona as his dance pose exactly fits in into Sahtkona.
Sri Mandalam
Construction
• Draw Kamakala Yantra
• Draw an ellipse touching points and another eclipse touching points
• Kamakala Yantra is not part of the Sri Mandalam which should be erased
• Mark Bindu as in point 9 of Kamakala Yantra
• Mark other points as mentioned
Dimensions
• Longer width of the eclipse – 96 units as this is drawn from Kamakala Yantra
• Shorter width of the eclipse – 67.88 Units

Important observations
• Imaginary circle drawn around Sri Mandal matches with the dimensions of the Sri
Chakra’s Bhupura
• Imaginary circle drawn inside Sri Mandal matches with the middle circle of Sri Chakra
• All the dimensions are as per golden ratio

Significance
• It represents Kamakala yantra in all aspects as it is derived from that Yantra.
• It is a mystical Yantra as it is generally not used.
• This yantra is an important Yantra in Sri Yagam (Navavarana Pooja for Sri Chakra)
where this Yantra is the base for Sri Patra (any Tarpana to Paradevata is given only
from Sri Patra). This Yantra is also drawn in side Sri Patra. This shows significance
of this Yantra in Sri Vidya.

Sudrashana Yantra
Construction
• Draw a circle with 48 units as radius
• Draw a square with one vertex at the top of the circle
• Draw a circle touching all the sides of the square
 • Draw a square inside the circle as shown in the figure
• Draw a circle touching all the sides of the square
• Draw a Shatkona inside the square
• Mark Bindu

Dimensions
• Outer circle diameter – 96 units
• Inner circle diameter – 48 units
• Middle circle dimensions – 67.88 units

Important observations
• Dimensions are exactly matching dimensions of Sri Chakra. Outer Circle exactly fits
in Bhupura of Sri Chakra
• Inner circle matches with inner circle of Sri Chakra
• Middle circle matches with middle circle of Sri Chakra
• All the dimensions are as per golden ratio

Significance
• Sudarshana Yantra is the main weapon of Sri Maha Vishnu
• SudarshanaYantra has lot of significance in Bhuddism and Vaishnavism as well
• Sudarshana Yantra is the base of Ghee Lamp in Sri Yagam
• For Pratyangira sadhana, Sudarshana Sadhana is very essential. Pratyangira sadhana
is very important sadhana for Sri Vidyopasaks as it protects and also gives necessary
strength for Sadhana
Conclusion
1. Golden Ratio is very significant in Sri Vidya
2. Since golden ratio is believed to be universal and most of the universal laws are based
on golden ratio and Sri yantra is also as per the golden ratio (which was understood by
Rishis thousands of years ago), the basic assumption of Sristi, Sthithi and Laya are
represented by Sri Chakra is for sure correct
3. Most of the Yantras particularly Sri yantras available in the market don’t follow proper
dimensions and they are paper weights. One should be careful while buying Sri Yantras
from most of the spiritual stores on line or off line.
4. In my opinion all the Yantras irrespective of deity should be drawn properly and I
believe that all the Yantras satisfy Golden ratio. Work is under progress on various
Yantras. More than 3,000 different Yantras are identified and all are being drawn with
proper dimensions

References
1. Sri Chakra a linier approximation to nonlinear reality by Prof. Venkata GKM Pisiapti
and Subramanyam Pisipati
2. Visistha Sri Chakram (Telugu) by Nori Hanumat Sastry
3. Chaitanya Kriya Yogam (Telugu) by Prof. Venkata GKM Pisiapti and Subramanyam
Pisipati
4. A Treatise on Srichakra by Swami Pranavananda published by Sri Swamy
Pranavananda Trust, Yenugula Mahal
5. Articles in Internet about Golden ratio
6. Venus Blueprint: Uncovering the Ancient Science of Sacred Spaces by Richard
Merrick published by North Atlantic books