PESTICIDE ROBOT

ABSTRACT
Insects are responsible for two major kinds of damage to growing crops. First is
direct injury done to the plant by the feeding insect, which eats leaves or burrows in stems, fruit,
or roots. There are hundreds of pest species of this type, both in larvae and adults,
among orthopterans, homopterous, heteropterans, coleopterans, lepidopterans, and dipterans. The
second type is indirect damage in which the insect itself does little or no harm but transmits a
bacterial, viral, or fungal infection into a crop. Examples include the viral diseases of sugar beets
and potatoes, carried from plant to plant by aphids. Although the human eyes cannot see the
insects in the crop, but by using an image processing system the insects can be found in crop
field. Thus by providing precaution to the growing crops we can prevent insects in the crop
enabling the crops to grow safely.

INTRODUCTION
India is an agricultural country where 60% of the population depends on
agriculture for livelihood. Considering the present day scenario where available arable land of
India is already under cultivation and land becoming non-available since the land being diverted
to non agricultural use and land fragmentation, in order to provide food security for the growing
population of India, it is very much necessary to increase the productivity in the existing land.
During the Green Revolution; use of High Yielding Variety seeds, increased use of fertilizers
and pesticides has helped in good productivity. But this has decreased soil fertility, increasing
environmental pollution along with various diseases spreading among the people. The more
important consequence of this is that, it has resulted in the mutation of some of the insects
leading to the development of insecticide and pesticide resistant insects. So the best method is to
prevent the insects from spreading among the crops in the entire field or area by the early
identification of affected plants and taking precautionary measures to ensure non-spreading.
Image processing is a good technique to use in this case.

Image processing in agriculture can be used to detect diseased stem, leaf, fruits,
roots; to quantify the affected area by the disease; to find the shape of affected area; to determine
the color of affected area; to determine size and shape of fruits etc. In case of plant the disease is
defined as any impairment of normal physiological function of plants, producing characteristic
symptoms. A symptom is a phenomenon accompanying something and is regarded as evidence
of its existence. Disease is caused by pathogen which is any agent causing disease. In most of the
cases pests or diseases are seen on the leaves or stems of the plant. Therefore identification of the
plants, leaves, stems, roots, fruits and finding out the pest or diseases, percentage of the pest or
disease attack, plays key role in successful cultivation of crops and increasing the productivity.

METHODOLOGY
Our main aim is to use the Pesticide robot to detect the insects in the crops
through the image capture by the camera and image is sent by the Pesticide robot to the computer
system (laptop) by using the Wi-Fi module. This image is filtered in the computer using the
software MATLAB. Using this software the image is re cleared and the insects can be found in
the image and we can also find the percentage of damage to the crop by the insects. After these
process done, finally we can provide precautionary steps to the crops using medical significance.
So the insects will be prevented from attacking the crops. Thus we can easily detect insects in the
crops and provides accurate precaution to the crops using the image processing system.

Here the Pesticide robot can be controlled by the processor using audio
command system. The commands include front, back, left, right for movement. And the robot
also monitors the temperature, obstacles and magnetic field, light commands to get the
information pertaining to it.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

PESTICIDE ROBOT

POWER
SUPPLY

Wi-Fi
Motion sensor module
ARM
camera
Controller
REED RELAY

RELAYS LM35
 CONTROL UNIT

Wi-Fi Computer
Module System

HARDWARE USED

1. ARM Controller
2. Voltage regulator
3. DC MOTOR
4. Motion sensor camera
5. LM35
6. REED SWITCH
7. RELAYS
8. Wi-Fi MODULE

SOFTWARE USED

1. Embedded C
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C Programming language by
the C Standards committee to address commonality issues that exist between C
extensions for different embedded systems. Historically, embedded C programming
 requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such
as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations.

2. Code Composer studio (CCS)

Code Composer Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) that
supports TI's Microcontroller and Embedded Processors portfolio. Code Composer
Studio comprises a suite of tools used to develop and debug embedded applications. It
includes an optimizing C/C++ compiler, source code editor, project build environment,
debugger, profiler, and many other features. The intuitive IDE provides a single user
interface taking you through each step of the application development flow. Familiar
tools and interfaces allow users to get started faster than ever before. Code Composer
Studio combines the advantages of the Eclipse software framework with advanced
embedded debug capabilities from TI resulting in a compelling feature-rich development
environment for embedded developers.

3. Mat lab
MATLAB® is the high-level language and interactive environment used by
millions of engineers and scientists worldwide. It lets you explore and visualize ideas and
collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications,
control systems, and computational finance.

ADVANTAGES
1) Identification of disease causing germs at a very miniscule level.

2) The high amount of fruit parameters obtained with one single measurement.

3) The minimization of human errors.

4) The reduction of time needed to obtain large data sets concerning fruit trait variability.

5) The possibility to estimate variability in traits of fruits with complicated shapes.

APPLICATIONS
1. Mainly it can be used in agriculture.

2. Military applications.

3. To explore places where human cannot enter.

4. Can be used mining.

5. Can be used in medical applications.

REFERENCES
1. Gonzalez Rafael C., Richard E woods, “Digital image Processing”, 2nd Edition.

2. Jayamala K Patil, Raj Kumar, “Advances In Image Processing For detection of Plant
Diseases” JABAR.

3. P.Revathi, M. Hemalatha, “Classification of Cotton Leaf Spot Diseases Using Image

Processing Edge Detection Techniques” 2012 IEEE.

4. Mrunalini R. Badnakhe, Prashant R. Deshmukh, “Infected Leaf Analysis and Comparison

by Otsu Threshold and k-Means Clustering” IJARCSSE.

5. Panagiotis Tzionas, Stelios E Papadakisand Dimitris Manolakis [2005] Plant leaves

classification based on morphological features and fuzz surface selection technique.

6. A. Meunkaewjinda, P. Kumsawat, K. Attakitmongcol & A.Srikaew[2008] Grape leaf

disease detection from color imager system using hybrid intelligent system, proceedings of
ECTICON,2008,IEEE, Geng Ying, Li Miao, Yuan Yuan & Hu Zelin[2008] A Study on the
Method of Image Pre-Processing for Recognition of Crop Diseases, International
Conference on Advanced Computer Control ,2008 IEEE.