UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

GOV. PACK ROAD, BAGUIO CITY

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Scientific Method
--- set of steps or procedure followed in gatherings facts or in conducting
scientific investigation
--- logical approach to the solution of problems that lead themselves to
investigation
--- making of careful observation and experiments and later using the data
obtained to formulate general principles

Sir Francis Bacon

--- the father of scientific method
--- the philosopher of science
--- the father of experimental philosophy

STEPS
*** Find a topic or Select a topic
--- think about subject that really interest you or about which you are curious
--- Start with a “word or phrase”
Examples: Pollution
Performance

What are possible sources of ideas?

People
Places
Things
Where do you get a topic?
Newspapers
Magazines
Interests and hobbies
Talk to friends
Public television
Gossips

***Do Background Research or Review of related literature

--- using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things
--- widened your perspective
--- Resources
--- interview
--- observation

1. Statement of the problem

--- it involves the identification of the problem through observation and then narrowing this to a
manageable scope

2. Formulation of hypothesis
--- the statement of intellectual guess or tentative answers which need to be tested

3. Gathering of data and facts

--- this is carried out to test the acceptability or validity of the stated hypothesis

** data --- recorded observations and measurements

** facts --- proven data

Ways to gather data

Experimentation
Questionnaire
Interview
Research or review of related literature

1
4. Recording and analyzing the data

** data table --- is a chart that organizes information in rows and columns
** graph --- a diagram that usually by means of dots and lines shows relationships between things

5. Drawing of conclusion or Generalization

--- may lead to the formulation of a theory or a law
--- apply the conclusion or generalization to other related situations or similar conditions to test its
correctness or validity

** theory --- logical explanation of events that occur in nature supported by results obtained from
repeated experiments

** law --- statement that summarizes the results of observations and experiments

6. Communicate Your Results

--- publishing the final report in a scientific journal or during a talk at a scientific meeting

REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/science/scientific-method
https://www.thoughtco.com/scientific-method-p2-373335
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
https://biologydictionary.net/scientific-method/