Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Remote Sensing
Rezaul Roni
MSc in Geoinformatics (ITC, the Netherlands), Executive MBA (BUP), MSc in Geography and Environment (JU)
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Environment
Jahangirnagar University
georoni31@juniv.edu, Mob: 01716049335
1
Introduction to Remote Sensing
2
What is Remote Sensing?
3
History of Remote Sensing
1609 - Invention of the telescope
Galileo
4
History of Remote Sensing
1859 - First aerial photographer
Gaspard Felix Tournachon, also known as Nadar
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History of Remote Sensing
1903 - The Bavarian Pigeon Corps
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What is Remote Sensing?
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What is Remote Sensing?
Electromagnetic Radiation
Energy Source or Illumination (A)
Electromagnetic Radiation
Wavelength
The wavelength is the length of one wave cycle
Frequency
Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave
passing a fixed point per unit of time.
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EM RADIATION : Needs to Understand
2 Source
Sun
1 EM radiation
scattered
radiation**
3Atmosphere 4 Reflection
Earth Reflection processes Emission processes
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What is Remote Sensing?
Electromagnetic Radiation
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What is Remote Sensing?
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What is Remote Sensing?
Image and Data Acquisition
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Electromagnetic spectrum. What is Remote Sensing?
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What is Remote Sensing?
Radiation-Target
Interaction with
the Target (C)
Absorption (A)
Transmission (T)
Reflection (R)
Reflection
Reflectance
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Factors affecting surface reflectance
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What is Remote Sensing?
Spectral Reflectance
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Factors affecting spectral signatures
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GREEN LEAF SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE
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Soil Reflectance Properties
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Factors affecting soil reflectance
• Soil Minerals.
• Organic matter.
• Iron oxides.
• Water content.
• Texture y structure.
• Observation and illumination angles.
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Effects of surface roughness of soil
reflectance
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puffy crust
salty crust
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non-saline, silty clay crust
cracked salty crust
Reflectance (%)
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mullido crust
ploughed field
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20
10
0
450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Wavelength (nm)
• Chlorophyll content:
– Absorption in the visible bands.
– Reflection in the NIR.
• Turbidity.
• Surface roughness.
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MODIS-Aqua image of South Florida, showing different
sediment concentrations in shallow waters.
28
Differences in water turbidity near Manaos,
Brazil
(Source: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/)
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Reflectance curves for different types of
snow and ice
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Thermal inertia for different land covers
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Atmospheric effects
• Absorption:
• Aerosols
• Gases (ozone, water vapor, CO2, etc.).
• Scattering:
• Aerosols
• Rayleight.
• Mie
• Non selective.
• Clouds.
• Emission.
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Atmospheric windows suitable for Earth
observations from space
Atmospheric transmission
100
50
0
0,4 0,7 1 2 3 5 10 (...) 10.000 µm
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What is Remote Sensing?
Sensors
Active sensors
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Remote Sensing Systems
Human eye
• Passive
{ Camera
Radiometer
Radar
• Active
{ Sonar
Laser
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PLATFORMS CARRY SENSORS!!
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Cross -Track Scanners
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Along-Track (Push-Broom) Scanners
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Components of a Remote Sensing System
Energy Source
Remote Sensing
Platform
Atmosphere
’
Earth´s cover
VISUAL INTERPRETATION
Receiving System
End-users
DIGITAL PROCESSING
40
Introduction to Satellite Image
41
Introduction to Satellite Image
Displaying an image
Band
Image data may include several bands of information.
Each band is a set of data file values for a specific
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of reflected
light or emitted heat (red, green, blue, near-infrared,
infrared, thermal, etc.) or some other user-defined
information created by combining or enhancing the
original bands, or creating new bands from other
sources.
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Displaying
an image
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Introduction to Satellite Image
Satellite Image
Pixels
DN (Digital Number)
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Introduction to Satellite Image
Pixels
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Introduction to Satellite Image
Satellite Image
B 136
G 99
R 30
B 68
G 44
R 255 DN
B 51
G 0
R 5
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Introduction to Satellite Image
Patuakhali
Pirojpur
A histogram shows the distribution of colors in an image. For a
Number of Pixels
574
0
0 110 256 47
Brightness Range
Introduction to Satellite Image
Satellite Image
Image Resolution
Resolution refers to the ability of a remote sensing system to
record and display fine details. Resolution are of four types
Spectral
Spatial
Temporal
Radiometric
48
Introduction to Satellite Image
Number of bands
available
• Panchromatic
• Multispectral
• Hyperspectral
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Introduction to Satellite Image
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Spatial Resolution
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Introduction to Satellite Image
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Introduction to Satellite Image
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Introduction to Satellite Image
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Radiometric Resolution
• Number of Shades
or brightness levels at
a given wavelength
• Smallest change in
intensity level that can
be detected by the
sensing system
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Introduction to Satellite Image
Satellite Image
Thematic Image
Raster data that are qualitative and categorical. Thematic layers
often contain classes of related information, such as land cover, soil
type, slope, etc.
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Introduction to Satellite Image
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Satellite Platforms
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QuickBird Satellite Sensor Characteristics
Digitization 11 bits
Pan: 61 cm (nadir) to 72 cm (25° off-
nadir)
Resolution
MS: 2.44 m (nadir) to 2.88 m (25° off-
nadir)
Pan: 450-900 nm
Blue: 450-520 nm
Image Bands Green: 520-600 nm
Red: 630-690 nm
Near IR: 760-900 nm 62
About the SPOT-5 Satellite
Sensor
Launch Date May 3, 2002
Launch Vehicle Ariane 4
Guiana Space Centre, Kourou,
Launch Location
French Guyana
Orbital Altitude 822 kilometers
Orbital Inclination 98.7°, sun-synchronous
Pan: 480-710 nm
Green: 500-590 nm
Image Bands Red: 610-680 nm
Near IR: 780-890 nm
Shortwave IR: 1,580-1,750 nm
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IKONOS Satellite System: Sensor Characteristics
24 September 1999 at Vandenberg
Launch Date
Air Force Base, California, USA
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Geostationary Satellites
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MTSAT-1R MTSAT-2
Satellite
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Applications of Remote Sensing
Land Use & Land Cover
Agriculture
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Oceans & Coastal Monitoring
Meteorology
Geomorphology
And many many others
71
Detecting and Monitoring Wildland Fires
Borneo
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Monitoring Sea Surface Temperature
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Global Water Vapor, July 2009
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Cloud Top temperatures
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Cloud Classification
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Cloud Top Pressure
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Monitoring Weather
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Change Detection - Urban Sprawl
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Open water flood area derived
Flood Monitoring from RADARSAT ScanSAR Wide
image, 23 July 2004
Sarsa Thana
Sarsa Thana
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Open water flooding Others RADARSAT ScanSAR Wide Images and derived flood maps
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