CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This Chapter discussed about the methodology that the researcher used in the research

to obtain data and information about the leadership styles of visual art education

teachers. This chapter will include the detailed discussion of the research design,

sample and population, data collection and also data analysis.

3.1 Research Designs

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between teacher leadership styles

of teaching visual art education and student efficacy in learning visual art education in

classroom. The research design used for this study is survey research. This study

involved both quantitative and qualitative approach method in order to obtain the data.

Quantitative approach method will be used in objective 1 and 2 which is to identify to

teacher’s leadership style in teaching visual art education in classroom and student

efficacy level in learning visual art education and to investigate the correlation between

leadership styles of teachers and student efficacy in learning visual art education in

classroom. Whereas, the qualitative approach method, which is structured interview, is

used to obtain more information about the student opinion of their art teacher leadership

styles.
3.2 Population and Sample

The major target population of this study is the form 4 and form 5 student from the

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Puncak Alam 3, Puncak Alam, Selangor who take arts

as their major subject. The purpose of using students among form 4 and form 5

students is because they take art as their major subject for national examination so that

the data will be more valid. The sampling method of this study will be using the simple

random sampling to prevent bias. “Simple random sampling is one in which each and

every member of population has an equal and independent chance of being selected”

(Frankel, Wallen and Hyun, 2012). Besides using form 4 and form 5 student as the

sample of this study, three educators from the school will be interviewed in order to get

their statement about the leadership they are practicing in teaching Visual Art

Education.

3.3 Instrumentation

3.3.1 Questionnaire.

The first instrument to obtain data is using questionnaire. This questionnaire is

aimed to determine the leadership practiced by the art teacher and their level of self-

efficacy which will be marked by the students. This questionnaire is divided by three

parts which is Part A, Part B and Part C. Part A consist of the demographic data which

is gender, age, class, and their interest about art subject. In part B, there will be 21

questions about the leadership styles. Part C will have 8 questions about self-efficacy.
Both Part B and Part C will be using Likert scale. This questionnaire is included in the

appendix section.

3.3.2 Structured Interview

The second instrument to collect data is using structured interview. The purpose of

using structured interview is that, it will be easier to conduct to the sample. Apart from

that it is to get the opinion of the teacher’s leadership from teachers who are teaching

visual art education. Thus, three educators from the school will be interviewed to obtain

data for this study. The interview questions are included at the appendix section.

3.4 Data Collection

To collect real data, a pilot study will be conducted first on a smaller population of the

same intended samples such as undergraduate students from UITM Puncak Alam

among student who take art major to test their opinion on their lecturer’s leadership

styles. The result from the pilot study will help to improve questionnaires. On the cover

letter, the researcher will explain the purpose and significance of the study. Before the

researcher distribute the questionnaire, Researcher will get a permission letter from the

HEP of Education then will send the letter to the school’s head master to get their

permission to conduct the study. The questionnaire will then be distributed to the Form

4 and Form 5 students from SMK Puncak Alam, Selangor, with the permission of the

school’s Head master. Sample will be selected randomly. The respondent will be guided
to ensure the validity and realibility of the data. For the interview, Three art teachers will

be selected from the school to get their opinion on their leadership styles in teaching

Visual Art Education in classroom.

3.5 Data Analysis

After the process of obtaining and collecting data is done, the data will be tabulated and

entered into a spreadsheet in the SPSS program. The aspect involved in the

quantitative data which is the questionnaire is the mean, media and mode. Whereas for

the qualitative data which is interview answers. First, it will be read and described to

organize it. Next, it will be classified into categories according to its theme. The theme

will be based on the literature review of the study and the data that data collected. Then,

researcher will explore the data from the interview to do some data reduction where

important point is taken. Lastly, the data from the interview answers will be coded and

each code will show a certain pattern and meaning.

3.6 Conclusion

To sum up, this chapter had discussed the method that will be used in this

research. The population and sampling, and also the instrument had also been

discussed. The method for data collection and data analysis had also been discussed.

The next chapter will discuss about the findings of this study,