Both languages have free, mature tooling, a plethora of frameworks and libraries,

and active communities. They are also flexible enough to fit any task a programmer
can come up against, and are truly cross platform, running on desktops, phones, in
the cloud, and even IoT devices.

General:
C# is fully object-oriented
Python allows to write procedural code

Execution model:
C# is a compiled language
Python is an interpreted language

Typing:
C# is a statically-typed compiled language
Python is a dynamically-interpreted language

Performance:
C# software will outperform Python in applications such as game engines
Python beats on fast development time.

C# used to be managed by Microsoft and takes advantage of its vast and resourceful
ecosystem.
Python is from open-source community which is bigger and has longer traditions. It
is mostly based on the efforts of its passionate community.

Support:
You may choose to pay a premium to ensure that developers get help and emergency
support from Microsoft experts whenever it's needed.
Developers coding in Python can only count on the Python community – which is very
helpful and passionate, but can't guarantee the same level of support.

Ease of use:
Developers like C# because of its design and origin in the object-oriented
programming paradigm.
There are some things developers can get done much quicker with Python, mostly
because it's a dynamically typed language.

Tools:
C# developers need to know a set of specialized tools such as Visual Studio .NET,
Far, Redgate .NET Reflector, IIS, and many more (including plugins!).
Python developers can take advantage of relatively simpler, but more generic
development tools.

Dynamic vs. static:

Python is a more dynamic language than C#. When it comes to dynamic languages, the
development process is relatively fast and easy. That's why they require the
expertise of a team leader, who will oversee the process to make sure that
developers build a robust and scalable application.
Since C# is a static language, it includes a build/compile step, which some
developers aren't fond of. The build process adds a step to the entire development
process and impacts its productivity. But the compiler also detects syntax errors
before they become a problem.

Performance:
C# may slightly beat Python in performance. C# might take fewer server resources
for the same volume of concurrent users than Python, but you'll be paying Microsoft
for these servers anyway.
Developers can improve Python's performance with PyPy's implementation of the JIT
compiler. PyPy comes with its own JIT compiler which helps to achieve better
performance, particularly for long-running, pure Python (i.e. not calling C/C++
code) programs.

Whitespaces:
Python uses semantic whitespace to delimit blocks of code.
C# doesn’t give a damn about indentation.

If your project depends on high speed and performance, Python will be the optimal
choice.
However, if your project requires excellent Microsoft integration, top performance,
and reliance on a standard syntax and libraries, C# is a better choice.