High Voltage Techniques - 2010

Prof.Dr.Aydoğan ÖZDEMİR
Department of Electrical Engineering
Istanbul Technical University
34469 Maslak, ISTANBUL
Tel: 212 – 285 6758

High Voltage Laboratory

ITU Gümüşsuyu Campus
Tel 212 – 252 2220

Email : ozdemiraydo@itu.edu.tr
Website : http://www.elk.itu.edu.tr/~ozdemir

Grading Policy
Midterm test: 25 %
2 Homeworks: 5% + 5%
1 group project : 15%
Final test : 50%

References
1. Prof.Dr.Muzaffer ÖZKAYA, Yüksek Gerilim Tekniği : Cilt 1, Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul
1996.
2. Akpınar S., Yüksek Gerilim Tekniği, Karadeniz Teknik Üniv., Trabzon, 1997.
3. Gönenç İ.., Yüksek Gerilim Tekniği, Cilt 1: Statik Elektrik Alanı ve Basit Elektrot
Sistemleri, İ.T.Ü. Kütüphanesi, Sayı:1085, İstanbul, 1977.
4. E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals, Pergamon
Press, Oxford, 2000.
5. E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel , Yüksek Gerilim Mühendisliği Temelleri, Tercüme
yayın EMO Yayınları, 2008.
6. M. S. Naidu, V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
1997.
7. M. Abdel-Salam, H. Anis, A. El Morshedy, R. Radwan, High Voltage Engineering:
Theory and Practice, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000.
8. Kind, D., Feser, K., High-Voltage Test Techniques, SBA Publ./Vieweg, 2. Ed. 1999.
9. M. Khalifa, High Voltage Engineering, Theory and Practice, Marcel Dekker, New York,
1990.
10. H. M. Ryan, High Voltage Engineering and Testing, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London,
2001.
11. C. L. Wadhwa, High Voltage Engineering, New Age Int. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.
12. Subir Ray, An Introduction to High Voltage Engineering, Printice Hall of India, New
Delhi 2004
 October 13,2010

Homework I

1. a) Determine the potential and the field strength expressions for concentric spherical electrode
system. Plot field strength versus radial distance and assign the maximum and the minimum
field strengths. Evaluate the geometric characteristics of the system providing the best
conditions from the point of maximum field strength.
b) Outer sphere radius of a concentric spherical electrode system is given to be r2 = 15 cm.
Determine the maximum voltage that can safely be applied to the system if the dielectric
strength of the insulation is Ed = 30 kV/cm.
c) Determine the inner radius of the system in order to apply U=100 kV.
d) Evaluate the system from the point of discharge phenomena (will there be a discharge, if so
the type) for the inner radiuses of r1’= 2 cm , r1’’= 7 cm and r1’’’= 14 cm.

a) Refer the textbook for the expressions and derivations.

U r1r2 r /r r /r
E (r )  ; r1 r  r2 , E max  E (r1 )  U 2 1 , E min  E (r2 )  U 1 2
r r2  r1
2
r2  r1 r2  r1

An example is given below

Refer the textbook for the evaluation of the system geometric characteristic providing the
best conditions from the point of maximum field strength,

r2 U
r1d  r2 / 2 , pd   2 , E (r1d )  E max min 
r1 r1d r2 / 2
r2 / 4

r2 / r1 15 / 7.5
b) r2  15 cm , E d  30 kV / cm  E max  U max  U max  U max  112.5 kV
r2  r1 2
r 15 m 15  7.5
r17.5m
 r2  15 cm 

 if solvedr11  5 cm , r12  15 cm
r /r 15 / r1
c) E d  30 kV / cm  E max  E d  U 2 1  100
 r2  r1 r 15m 15  r1
U  100kV  2

r2  15 cm , r1  2 cm , U  100kV E max  U
r2 / r1
 57.7 kV / cm  E d 
d) r2  r1
There will be a partial discharge since r1  r2 /2

r2  15 cm , r1  7 cm , U  100kV E max  U
r2 / r1
 26.8 kV / cm  E d 
r2  r1
There won' t be a discharge

r2  15 cm , r1  14 cm , U  100kV E max  U
r2 / r1
 107.0 kV / cm  E d 
r2  r1
There will be a total breakdown since r1  r2 /2

2. Potential distribution of an electrode system for a voltage of U=100 kV is given as follows,

 
v ( x, y )  a.  1 kV ;1 x 2  y 2  4, xcm , ycm 
b
 x2  y2 
 
a) Determine the constants ( a and b) if v(0 , 1 cm)=100 kV and v(2 cm , 0)=0 kV.
b) Determine and sketch the equipotential curves of v1=0 kV and v2=100 kV.
  
c) Determine the field strength vector E and E , E .
max min

b  
v (0,1)  a.  1  ab  a 
1  
a)  if solved a  100 kV and b  2 cm
b 
v (2,0)  a.  1  ab / 2  a 
2  

 
b) v1  0 kV  100.  1  x 2  y 2  2 2 Circle with a radius of 2 cm
2
 x2  y2 
 
 
v 2  100 kV  100.  1  x 2  y 2  12 Circle with a radius of 1 cm
2
 x2  y2 
 
   v v 
c) v  100.  1  E   grad v    i 
2 200 x 200 y
j  i j
 x y

2 2 
  x y 
 x y
2

2 3/ 2

x  y2
2

3/ 2

x2  y2 200
E ( x, y )  200 *  1 x2  y2  2
x 2
y 2

3
x  y2
2

E max  E x 2  y 2 1
 200 kV / cm , E min  E x 2  y 2 2
 100 kV / cm
3. a) Determine the potential and the field strength for coaxial cylindrical electrode system. Plot
field strength versus radial distance and assign the maximum and the minimum field
strengths. Evaluate the geometric characteristics of the system providing the best
conditions from the point of maximum field strength.
b) Given that the maximum voltage that can safely be applied to an air-insulated (Ed = 30
kV/cm) coaxial cylindrical system is 300 kV. Determine the inner radius of the system in
order to apply U=250 kV.
c) Evaluate the maximum field strengths for an inner radius of r1 and for an increased outer
radiuses of r2’= 1.5* r2, r2’’= 2.0* r2, r2’’’= 3.0* r2 and r2’’’’= 4.0* r2; where r1 and r2
are the inner and outer radiuses calculated in b). What can you say about the maximum
field strength versus outer radius of the system?

a) Refer the textbook for the expressions and derivations.

U U U
E (r )  ; r1 r  r2 , E max  E (r1 )  , E min  E (r2 ) 
r Ln(r2 / r1 ) r1 Ln(r2 / r1 ) r2 Ln(r2 / r1 )

An example is given below

Refer the textbook for the evaluation of the system geometric characteristic providing the
best conditions from the point of maximum field strength,

r2 U
r1d  r2 / e , pd   e , E (r1d )  E max min 
r1 r1d  r2 / e
r2 / 2

U max 300
b) E d  30 kV / cm  E max    r1  10 cm , r2  e * r1  27.18 cm
r1 Ln(r2 / r1 ) r r / e r1
1 2
250
For U  250 kV E max  E d   30  if solved r11  16.3 cm , r12  4.8 cm
r1 Ln(27.18 / r1 )
 U
c) r1  4.8 cm , U  250 kV , E max 
r1 Ln(r2 / r1 )
r2  1.5 * 27.18  40.8 cm  E max 1  24.3 kV / cm
r2  2.0 * 27.18  54.4 cm  E max 2  21.4 kV / cm
r2  3.0 * 27.18  81.5 cm  E max 3  18.3 kV / cm
r2  4.0 * 27.18  108.7 cm  E max 4  16.7 kV / cm

Increasing r2 decreases Emax. However decreasing rate decreases r2 increases and therefore r2
is not an effective means of reducing Emax, especially after a certain value.

Due date : October 20, 2010

Week Date Subject

29.9.2010 Introduction. Basic concepts of electrostatic field, Laplace's and Poisson's
1
equations in different coordinate systems.
6.10.2010 Basic equations of electrostatic fields. Planar electrode systems. Concentric
2
spherical electrode systems.
13.10.2010 Concentric spherical electrode systems. Coaxial cylindrical electrode
3
systems.
4 20.10.2010 Coaxial cylindrical electrode systems (cont).
5 27.10.2010 High Voltage Laboratory Visit
3.11.2010 Non-coaxial cylindrical electrode systems: eccentric and parallel cylindrical
6
electrode systems.
10.11.2010 Approximate calculation of maximum electric field strength for different
7
electrode systems.

24.11.2010 Electrode systems with multi-dielectrics: planar electrode systems of two

8
dielectrics.
01.11.2010 Electrode systems with multi-dielectrics: coaxial cylindrical systems with
9
multi-dielectrics
10 8.12.2010 Numerical methods for electrostatic field calculations.
11 15.12.2010 Conduction and breakdown in gases.
12 22.12.2010 Midterm test
 29.12.2010 Conduction and breakdown in gases (cont.). Corona discharges, surface
13 discharges and lightning discharges. Breakdown in liquid and solid
dielectrics
14 05.01.2011 Project presentation