02 அஷ்டவர்கம் வர்க்க கணிதம்

m&;lf th;f;fk;;
ghFjp ? 02 m&;lf th;f;f fzpjk;
jiyth; :
jpU/ S.M. rjhrptk;

<nuh; jpU/ T.V.A. ehuhazd;
ehfh;
jp U/ bfshpr’;fh;
R. fUzhfud;. MA, DTA, DPCS
bja;tf;”h;
(n$hjpl rpnuhd;kzp & mwptpay; n$hjpl khkzp)
rkkaran.india@yahoo.com
Mh;/ fUzhfud;. MA, DTA, DPCS 2 jpahfuha efh;. brd;id ? 17/
mwptpay; n$hjpl khkzp & n$hjpc& rpnuhd;kzp kpd;d”;ry;: rkkaran.india@yahoo.com
Xk;
_ FUnt Jiz
vy;yhk; ty;y bja;tkJ! mtdpy;jhd; eP. cd;dpy; mtd;;!
Kd;Diu
md;ghd cyf mwpthspfns! tzf;fk;

,iwtd; cyifg; gilj;jhd;/ gw;gy el;rj;jpu’;fisa[k;. fpuf’;fisa[k;. mit xt;bthd;Wk; xt;bthU tpjkhd rf;jpia cilajhft[k;.
mit midj;Jk; xd;Wf;bfhd;W bjhlh;g[ila jhft[k;. xnu epajpg;go rpwpJk; jtwhky; RHyr; bra;jhd;/ gpd; kdpj caph;fisg;
gilj;jhd;. kdpjDila brhy;Yf;Fk;. braYf;Fk;. thH;tf
[ ;Fk; fpuf’;fs; bjhlh;t[ cilajhf bra;jhd;/
g{h;t b$d;k tpjpapd;go mtd; gpwf;Fk; neuj;jpnyna tpz;zpy; cs;s fpuf r”;rhu’;fisg; bghWj;J mtdJ thH;tk
[ ; vjph;fhyKk;
eph;zapf;fg;gLfpwJ/ mtdJ tpjpg;gaid khw;w ahuhYk; KoahJ/
xUtd; gpwe;j neuj;jpy; cr;rj;jpypUf;Fk; fpuf’;fshy; mtdJ thH;t[ vt;tpjk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs; jkJ
mDgt’;fspdhYk; jkJ nguwpthYk; Muha;e;J TwpapUg;gJ jhd; n$hjplf; fiyahFk;/ "Maf;fiyfs; mWgj;jp ehd;F" vd;gh;/
mtw;wpy; n$hjplf; fiya[k; xd;W vd;gjhy; ,r; n$hjplf;fiy kdpj thH;tpy; Kf;fpa m’;fk; vd;gJ bjhpatUk;/
"fw;wJ ifkz;zst[. fy;yhjJ cyfst[" Mfnt gw;gy E}y;fisf; fw;W. rpe;jpj;J jdJ mDgt’;fisf; bfhz;L Muha;r;rp bra;J
,f;fiyia bjhpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ gog;gjdhy; kl;Lk; xUth; n$hjpluhfptpl KoahJ/ cyf mDgt’;fSlDk; $hjf’;fisg; ghh;j;J
mtw;iwg; gw;wp rpe;jpj;jhy;jhd; gy cz;ikfs; bjhpa tUk;/ mjdhy; mwpit mgptpUj;jp bra;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
n$hjplk; vd;gJ kdpjdpd; vjph;fhyj;ija[k;. thH;f;ifiaa[k;. Mnuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; ,d;g. Jd;g’;fisa[k; TWtjhFk;/ ,jw;Fnky;
kdpjdpd; jiybaGj;Jk;. tpjp vd;gJk; ,Uf;fpwJ/ mtdJ g{h;t b$d;k gyhgyd;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd/ ,it ,iwtdhy;
bfhLf;fg;gl;lit/ ,jpy; mnef bja;t ,ufrpa’;fSk; cz;L/ xUtUila tpjpia kw;wth; brhy;y ,ayhJ/ Mfnt ekf;F ,iwtdpd;
nky; ek;gpf;ifa[k;. gf;jpa[k; ntz;Lk;/
bghJthf itj;jpah; xUth; xUtUila tpahjpiaf; fz;Lgpof;f nehahspia mUfpy; itj;J mtiu gytpjkhf ghPl;irak; bra;J.
tpahjpahy; mtd; Jd;gg;gLtijg; ghh;j;Jk;. czh;j;Jk; mtDf;F vd;d tpahjp. ve;j ghfj;jpy; tpahjp njhd;wpaJ. mjw;F vd;d
epth;j;J vd;W fhz;Lgpof;f Koahky; lhf;lh;fs; tpHpf;fpd;wdh;/
Mdhy; xUtDila thH;f;ifiaa[k;. vjph;fhyj;ija[k;. ehk; epidj;Jg; ghh;f;fKoahj mstpy; mtuJ tpjpiaa[k;. jiybaGj;ija[k;
vt;thW Tw Koa[k;> ,e;j b$d;kj;ij gw;wpna ekf;F bjhpahjpUf;f. g{h;tb$d;k ufrpa’;fs; vt;thW bjhpa[k;> ,tw;wpw;fhf ek; Kd;ndhh;fs;
j’;fs; mDgt’;fshYk; ekJ Muha;r;rpapd; gadhft[k; rpy bghJthd tpjpKiwfis ekf;F je;jUspa[s;sdh;. mJjhd; n$hjplk;
vd;gjhFk;/
$hjf gyd; eph;zapg;gjw;F gytpjkhd Kiwfs; eilgpof;fg;gLfpwJ/ mtw;wpy; m&;lf th;f;f Kiwa[k; xd;whFk;/ m&;lf th;f;fk;
thapyhf $hjfg; gyid kpfj; Jy;ypakhf eph;zapf;fyhk; vd kfhp&pfs; jk;Kila E}y;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;/ m&;lf thh;f;fk;
gw;wpa mog;gilr; bra;jpfis mwpe;J bfhs;tnj ,e;j gFjpapd; nehf;fkhFk;/
m&;lf th;f;fk; vd;Dk; rk!;fpUjr; brhy;Yf;F vl;Ltpjkhd gphpt[fs; my;yJ (m&;l?vl;L. th;f;fk;?gphpt[) gFjpfs; vDk; bghUs; MFk;/
m&;lf th;f;fk; xl;L bkhj;j ey;y gyd;fisa[k;. jPa gyd;fisa[k; midj;J nfhs;fSf;F fz;lwpa cjt[fpwJ/ RUf;fkhf. nfhl;rhug;go
VG nfhs;fSk; r”;rhuk; bra;tjhy; Vw;gLk; gyida[k;. gyj;ija[k; mwpa cjt[fpwJ/ ,g;gFjpapy; ,jw;fhd fzpj Kiwfis cjhuz
$hjfj;Jld; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ mtw;iw. ghh;j;J. g[wpe;J. nrhjpj;J ,k;Kiwapid ed;whf czh;e;j gpd; j’;fsplk; n$hjpl gyh gyd;fs;
nfl;ftUthplj;J rhpahd gyid mwpa ntz;Lkha; nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwd;/
R. fUzhfud;. MA DTA DPCS

n$hjpc& rpnuhd;kzp & mwptpay; n$hjpl khkzp/
bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

m&;lf th;f;fk;;
ghFjp ? 02 m&;lf thf;f fzpjk;;
bghUslf;fk;
nehf;fk; ..........................................................................................................................................4
Kd;Diu.......................................................................................................................................4
gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk;; ..........................................................................................................4
rh;th&;lf th;f;fk;; .......................................................................................................................6
jphpnfhz nrhjid ......................................................................................................................6
Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid.................................................................................................................8
,uhrp Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk;................................................................................11
fpuf Fzhfuk; my;yJ fpuf gpz;lk; ....................................................................................12
Rj;j gpz;lk; my;yJ nrhj;jpa gpz;lk; .................................................................................13
Koa[iu.......................................................................................................................................13
tpdhf;fs; ....................................................................................................................................13
ghh;it E}y;fs; ...........................................................................................................................14
fiyr; brhw;fs;............................................................................................................................14
Prepared By R.Karunakaran, MA DTA DPCS

JothidaChironmani & Ariviyal Jothida Mamanii

m&;lf th;f;f fzpjk;
nehf;fk;
vl;L tpjkhd fzpj Kiwfisf; bfhz;l m&;lf th;fj;fj;ij fzpf;ff; fw;Wf; bfhs;tnj ,e;j ghlj;jpd; nehf;fkhFk;/
Kd;Diu
xU $hjfj;jpw;F m&;lf th;f;f Kiwg;go gog;goahf m&;lf thh;f;fk; fzpj;Jf; fhz;nghk;
gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk;;

xt;bthU nfhSk; jhk; epw;Fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J. rpy Fwpg;gpl;l ,l’;fspy; ,Lk; gpe;Jf;fis xU ml;ltiz totpy; mikg;gnj
gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk; MFk;/ xd;gJ nfhs;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L rhjfj;jpw;F gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk; mikg;nghk;/
y
nfJ N:hp rdp
brt;
re; FU y
Rf;
g[jd; (t) FU uhF
,uhrp ethk;rk;
N::hp nfJ
uhF Rf; rdp re; brt; g[jd;
N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;fk;: jhk; epw;Fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf; fhz;nghk;:
nfhs;fs; nk&. hp&/ kpJ/ flf/ rpk;/ fd;/ Jyh/ tpU/ jD/ kf/ Fk;/ kPd/ bkj;jk;
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
re;jpud; 0 0 0 0 4
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
FU 0 0 0 0 4
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 3
rdp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
bkhj;jk; 6 4 4 4 3 2 5 6 5 5 2 2 48
re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;Fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf;
fhz;nghk;;/:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
re;jpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
FU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
rdp 0 0 0 0 4
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 4
bkhj;jk; 4 5 3 5 7 2 2 4 5 4 5 3 49

brt;tha; m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J brt;tha; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf;
fhz;nghk;:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 5
re;jpud; 0 0 0 3
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 4
FU 0 0 0 0 4
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 0 4
rdp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 5
bkhj;jk; 6 4 6 3 2 2 4 1 5 3 0 3 39
g[jd; m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J g[jd; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf;
fhz;nghk;:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 5
re;jpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
FU 0 0 0 0 4
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
rdp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
bkhj;jk; 4 4 7 4 2 4 4 6 7 5 3 4 54
FU m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J FU m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf; fhz;nghk;:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
re;jpud; 0 0 0 0 0 5
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
FU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
rdp 0 0 0 0 4
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
bkhj;jk; 5 2 4 5 5 6 5 3 6 4 4 7 56
Rf;fpud; m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J Rf;fpud;; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf;
fhz;nghk;:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 3
re;jpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 5
FU 0 0 0 0 0 5
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
rdp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
bkhj;jk; 4 5 5 5 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 4 52
rdp m&;lf th;f;fk;: nfhs;fs; jhk; epw;fk; !;jhdj;jpypUe;J rdp;; m&;lf th;f;fj;jpy; ,Lk; guy;fis ml;ltiz mikj;Jf; fhz;nghk;:
N:hpad; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
re;jpud; 0 0 0 3
brt;tha; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
g[jd; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
FU 0 0 0 0 4
Rf;fpud; 0 0 0 3
rdp 0 0 0 0 4
,yf;fpdk; 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
bkhj;jk; 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 3 6 4 3 2 39
rh;th&;lf th;f;fk;;
xd;gJ nfhs;fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk; mikj;j gpwF mtw;iw bjhFj;J xnu ml;ltizahf mikg;gnj
rh;th&;lf th;f;fk; MFk;/
N:hpad; 6 4 4 4 3 2 5 6 5 5 2 2 48
re;jpud; 4 5 3 5 7 2 2 4 5 4 5 3 49
brt;tha; 6 4 6 3 2 2 4 1 5 3 0 3 39
g[jd; 4 4 7 4 2 4 4 6 7 5 3 4 54
FU 5 2 4 5 5 6 5 3 6 4 4 7 56
Rf;fpud; 4 5 5 5 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 4 52
rdp 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 39
bkhj;jk; 32 27 31 30 27 20 26 28 30 30 22 25 337
jphpnfhz nrhjid
$hjfg;go cs;s gpd;dh&;l;lf th;f;fg; guy;fis tpjpKiwfspd;go jphpnfhz nrhjid bra;nthk;/
1) N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;f jphpnfhz nrhjid:

,’;F tpjp vz; xd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ ,’;F tpjp vz; xd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ
nk&k; rpk;kk; jDR hp&gk; fd;dp kfuk;
6 3 5 4 2 5
2 6 4 4 0 3 2 2 3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 2(?) 2 (?) 2(?)
N:hpad; N:hpad; 3 0 2 2 0 3
2 4 0 2
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
5 48 3 3 nrhjid 0 ,’;F tpjp vz; xd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ ,’;F tpjp vz; xd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ
5 6 5 2 2 4 3 0 kpJdk; Jyhk; Fk;gk; flfk; tpUr; kPdk;
4 5 2 4 6 2
2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?)
2 3 0 2 4 0
2) re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

4 7 5 5 2 4
3 4 5 3 0 0 3 1 4(?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 2(?) 2 (?) 2(?)
re;jpud; re;jpud; 0 3 1 3 0 2
5 5 3 2
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
3 2 5 5 4 3
2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?)
1 0 3 2 1 0
3) brt;tha; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

6 2 5 4 2 3
3 6 4 6 2 4 2 6 2(?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2(?) 2 (?) 2(?)
brt;tha; brt;tha; 4 0 3 2 0 1
0 3 0 2
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
6 4 0 3 1 3
0 0 0 1 (?) 1 (?) 1 (?)
6 4 0 2 0 2

4) g[jd; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

4 2 7 4 4 5
4 4 4 7 0 2 0 4 2(?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?)
g[jd; g[jd; 2 0 0 0 0 1
3 4 0 0
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
7 4 3 4 6 4
3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?)
4 1 0 0 2 0
5) FU m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

5 5 6 2 6 4
7 5 2 4 4 0 0 0 5 (?) 5 (?) 5 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?)
FU FU 0 0 1 0 4 2
4 5 0 2
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
4 5 4 5 3 7
4 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?)
0 1 0 2 0 4
6) Rf;fpud; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

4 4 5 5 2 5
4 4 5 5 0 0 3 2 4 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?)
Rf;fpud; Rf;fpud; 0 0 1 3 0 3
5 5 2 1
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
5 3 5 5 5 4
3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?) 4 (?)
2 0 2 1 1 0
7) rdp m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

3 4 6 3 2 4
2 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 3 (?) 3 (?) 3 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?)
rdp rdp; 0 1 3 1 0 2
3 4 1 2
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
2 3 3 4 3 2
2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?) 2 (?)
0 1 1 2 1 0

Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid
jphpnfhz nrhjid bra;j gpwF tpjpKiwfspd;go Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid bra;a ntz;Lk;/ vLj;Jf;fhl;L $hjfj;jpw;F Vfhjpgj;jpa
njhjid bra;a[k; tpjk; ,’;F fhzyhk;/
1) N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:
2 6 4 4 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 2
N:hpad;
2 N:hpad; 4 0 N:hpad; 2 0 2
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
5 48 3 3 nrhjid 0 3 0
gpd;
5 6 5 2 2 4 3 0 2 4 3 0
flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ vdnt. mjpy; cs;s vz;zpf;ifia mg;gona rpk;kj;jpy; nghlt[k; (tpjp vz;?1)
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; tPLfs;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; Rf;fpud; ,Uf;fpwJ/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; 4 guy;fs;
,Uf;fpwJ/ mjid mg;gona tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nghlt[k; ? (tpjp vz; 5)/ nk&j;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ vdnt nk&j;jpy; cs;s guiy
vLj;Jtpl;L g{$;ak; guyhf;f ntz;Lk; (tpjp vz;?5)/
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; ,Uf;fpwJ/ vdnt Jyhj;Jf;F nrhjid
,y;iy/ hp&gj;jpy;. Jyhj;jpy; cs;s guiy tpl Fiwthd guy; ,Ug;gjhy; g{$;ak; guyhf;f ntz;Lk;/ ? (tpjp vz; ?5)
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kpJdj;jpy; 2 guy;fSk;. fd;dpay; g{$;$pa guy;fSk; cs;sd/ ,uz;L tPLfspYk; nfhs;
,y;iy/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?3)
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ jDRtpy; 2 guy;fSk;. kPdj;jpy; g{$;$pa guy;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ jDRtpy; nfhs;
,y;iy/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPLfspYk; nfhs; cz;L/ Fk;gj;jpy; guy; ,y;iy/ kfuj;jpy; guy; cz;L/ vdnt
nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)
2) re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:
3 4 5 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 3 1
re;jpud;
5 re;jpud; 5 3 re;jpud; 2 3 2
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
4 49 7 2 nrhjid 3 2 3
gpd;
5 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; tPLfs;/ nk&j;jpy; g{$;$pak; guy;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; 1 guy;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ nk&j;jpy;
nfhs; ,y;iy/ xU nfhspd; 2 Ml;rp tPLfspy; nfhs; ,Ue;jhYk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; xU tPl;oy; g{$;$pa guy; ,Ue;jhy; nrhjid
,y;iy ? (tpjp vz; 3)
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ g{$;ak; guy; ,Uf;fpwJ/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ Mdhy; 3
guy;fs; ,Uf;fpwJ/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy ? (tpjp vz; ?3)
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPl;oYk; nfhs; ,y;iy/ kpJdj;jpy; 1 guy;. fd;dpay; g{$;$pa guy;/ vdnt
nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ jDRtpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ jDRtpy; 1 guYk;. kPdj;jpy; g{$;ak; guYk;
cs;sJ/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPLfspYk; nfhs; cz;L/ Fk;gj;jpy; 3 guy;fs; ,y;iy/ kfuj;jpy; 2 guy;fs;/ xU
nfhspd; 2 Ml;rp tPLfspYk; nfhs;fs; ,Ue;jhy; nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?2)/

3) brt;tha;; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:
3 6 45 6 2 4 2 6 2 4 0 6
brt;tha;
0 brt;tha;; 3 0 brt;tha; 2 0 2
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
3 39 2 1 nrhjid 02 1 0
gpd;
5 1 4 2 3 0 4 0 1 0 4 0
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; tPLfs;/ nk&j;jpy; nfhy; ,y;iy/ 4 guy;fs;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ g{$;a guy;;/ xU nfhspy;
2 Ml;rp tPLfspy; nfhs; ,Ue;jhYk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; xU tPl;oy; g{$;ak; guy; ,Ue;jhy; njhjid ,y;iy ? (tpjp vz; 3)/
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 2 guy;fs;/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 4 guyfs;/ nfhs;
,Uf;Fk; tPl;od; guy;fis mg;gona itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ nfhs; ,y;yhj tP;loy;. nfhs; cs;s tPl;od; guy;fSf;f
rkkhfnth my;yJ Fiwthfnth guy;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mtw;iw vLj;Jtpl;L g{$;ak; guyhf Mf;f ntz;Lk; ? (tpjp vz;?5)/
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPl;oYk; nfhs; ,y;iy/ kpJdj;jpy; 6 guy;fs;. fd;dpay; g{$;$pa guy;/ vdnt
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ jDRtpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 3 guy;fs;/ xU nfhspd; 2 Ml;rp tPLfspy;
xd;wpy; nfhs; ,Ue;J Fiwthd guy;fSk;. nfhs; ,y;yhj tPl;oy; mjpfkhd guy;fSk; ,Ue;jhy; nfhs; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;od;
guy;fis mg;gona itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ fpufk; ,y;yhj tP;l;od; mjpfg;goahd guy;fis fpufk; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;od;
guy;fSf;f rhp bra;a ntz;Lk; (tpjp vz;?4)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kufj;jpy; 1 guy;. nfhs; cz;L/ Fk;gj;jpy; g{$;a guy;. nfhs; cz;L/ xU nfhspd; 2 Ml;rp
tPLfspy; nfhs; ,Ue;jhYk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; xU tPl;oy; g{$;ak; guy; ,Ue;jhy; nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
4) g[jd; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:
4 4 4 7 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 4
g[jd;;
3 g[jd;; 4 0 g[jd;; 0 0 0
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
5 54 2 1 nrhjid 0 1 0
gpd;
7 6 4 4 5 2 1 0 5 2 1 0
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; tPLfs;/ nk&j;jpy; nfhy; ,y;iy/ 2 guy;fs;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 2 guy;fs;/ xU nfhspd; 2
Ml;rp tPLfspy; xd;wpy; nfhs; ,Ue;J kw;bwhd;wpy; nfhs; ,y;yhky;. nfhs; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;oy; cs;s guy;fSf;F rkkhfnth my;yJ
Fiwthfnth guy;fs; ,Ue;jhy;. nfhs; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;od; guy;fs; mg;gona itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ nfhs; ,y;yhj tPl;oy; cs;s
guy;fis g{$;ak; guyhf Mf;f ntz;Lk; ? (tpjp vz;?5)/
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;;/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy;/ vdnt
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kpJdj;jpy; 4 guy;fs;/ nfhs; ,y;iy/ fd;dpapy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;/ vdnt
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ jDRtpy; 5 guy;fs;/ nfhs; ,y;iy/ kPdj;jpy; g{$;ak; guy;/ nfhs; cz;L/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy; (tpjp vz;?3)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kufj;jpy; 1 guy;. nfhs; cz;L/ Fk;gj;jpy; g{$;a guy;. nfhs; cz;L/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/

5) FU m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:
7 5 2 4 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
FU
4 FU 5 0 FU 2 0 2
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
4 56 5 2 nrhjid 0 2 0
gpd;
6 3 5 6 1 0 1 4 0 0 1 4
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; tPLfs;/ ,uz;oYk; g{$;ak; guy;/ nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;;/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy;/ vdnt
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;;/ kpJdj;jpy; g{$;ak; guy;;/ nfhs; ,y;iy/ fd;dpapy; 4 guy;fs;/ nfhs; ,y;iy/ vdnt
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ jDRtpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 1 guy;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L;/ 4 guy;fs;/ jDRtpy; cs;s 1 guiy
g{$;ak; guyhf;f ntz;Lk; (tpjp vz;?5)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kufj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 2 guy;fs;/ Fk;gj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ g{$;ak; guy;/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
6) Rf;fpud; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:
4 4 5 5 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2
Rf;fpud;
5 Rf;fpud; 5 2 Rf;fpud; 1 2 1
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
5 52 4 3 nrhjid 0 3 0
gpd;
5 5 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ nk&j;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy;/ vdnt
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 3 guy;fs;/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy;/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;;/ ,uz;oYk; nfhs; ,y;iy/ kpJdj;jpy; 2 guy;fs;/ fd;dpapy; g{$;$pak; guy;/ vdnt
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ jDRtpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 1 guy;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L;/ g{$;a guy;;/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy;
(tpjp vz;?3)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPl;oYk; nfhs; cz;L/ kufj;jpy; 3 guy;fs;/ Fk;gj;jpy; 2 guy;fs;;/ vdnt

6) rdp m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:
2 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
rdp
3 rdp 4 1 rdp 2 1 2
Vfhjpgj;jpa
Mjpguy; jphpnfhz
nrhjidf;F
4 39 4 2 nrhjid 1 2 1
gpd;
6 3 3 2 3 1 1 0 3 1 1 0
nk&k;. tpUr;rpfk; brt;thapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ nk&j;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;/ tpUr;rpfj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy;/ vdnt
hp&gk;. Jyhk; Rf;fpudpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ hp&gj;jpy; nfhs; ,y;iy/ 1 guy; ,Uf;fpwJ/ Jyhj;jpy; nfhs; cz;L/ 1 guy; ,Uf;fpwJ/
Jyhj;jpy; cs;s 1 guy; mg;gona itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ hp&gj;jpy; 1 guiy g{$;ak; guyhf;f ntz;Lk; (tpjp vz;?5)/
kpJdk;. fd;dp g[jdpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;;/ ,uz;oYk; nfhs; ,y;iy/ g{$;ak; guy;fs; cs;sd/ vdnt nrhjid ,y;iy (tpjp
vz;?3)/
jDR. kPdk; FUtpd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ kPdj;jpy; nfhs; ,Uf;fpwJ/ g{$;a guy;/ jDRtpy; nfhs; ,y;iy. 3 guy;fs;/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy (tpjp vz;?3)/
kfuk;. Fk;gk; rdpapd; Ml;rp tPLfs;/ ,uz;L tPl;oYk; nfhs; cz;L/ kufj;jpy; 2 guy;fs;/ Fk;gj;jpy; 1 guy;;/ vdnt nrhjid
,y;iy (tpjp vz;?2)/
,uhrp Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk;

xt;bthU nfhSf;Fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid kw;Wk; Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid bra;j gpwF ,uz;L tpjkhd bray;Kiwfis bra;a ntz;Lk;/
1) ,uhrp Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk;
2) fpuf Fzhfuk; my;yJ fpuf gpz;;lk;
,uhrp vz;fs; ,uhrp vz;fs; nk&k; Kjy; kPdk; tiuapyhd gdpdpU ,uhrpfSf;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;l vz;fs; (Units)
nk&k; 7 Jyhk; 7 eph;zak; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,e;j vz;fs; epue;jukhdit/ khWjYf;F cl;glhjJ/
hp&gk; 10 tpUr;rpfk; 8 ,uhrp Fzhfu vz;fs; fPH;fz;lthW:
kpJdk; 8 jDR 9
flfk; 4 kfuk; 5 xt;bthU nfhspd; Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjidf;F gpwF xt;bthU ,uhrpapYk; cs;s
rpk;kk; 10 Fk;gk; 11 guy;fspy; vz;zpf;ifia ,uhrp Fzhfu vz;zpdhy; bgUf;f gpilg;gJ ,uhrp
fd;dp 5 kPdk; 12 Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk; MFk;/
N:hpad; re;jpud; brt;tha;

nk&k; 7x0 = 0 nk&k; 7x0 = 0 nk&k; 7x4 = 28
hp&gk; 10 x 0 = 0 hp&gk; 10 x 3 = 30 hp&gk; 10 x 0 = 10
kpJdk; 8x2 = 16 kpJdk; 8x1 = 8 kpJdk; 8x6 = 48
flfk; 4x2 = 8 flfk; 4x2 = 8 flfk; 4x2 = 8
rpk;kk; 10 x 0 = 16 rpk;kk; 10 x 3 = 30 rpk;kk; 10 x 0 = 0
fd;dp 5x0 = 0 fd;dp 5x0 = 0 fd;dp 5x0 = 0
Jyhk; 7x3 = 21 Jyhk; 7x0 = 0 Jyhk; 7x4 = 28
tpUr;rpfk; 8x4 = 32 tpUr;rpfk; 8x1 = 8 tpUr;rpfk; 8x0 = 0
jDR 9x2 = 18 jDR 9x1 = 9 jDR 9x1 = 9
kfuk; 5x3 = 15 kfuk; 5x2 = 10 kfuk; 5x1 = 5
Fk;gk; 11 x 0 = 0 Fk;gk; 11 x 3 = 33 Fk;gk; 11 x 0 = 0
kPdk; 12 x 0 = 0 kPdk; 12 x 0 = 0 kPdk; 12 x 2 = 24
bkhj;jk; 110 bkhj;jk; 136 bkhj;jk; 150

g[jd; FU Rf;fpud;
nk&k; 7x0 = 0 nk&k; 7x0 = 0 nk&k; 7x0 = 0
hp&gk; 10 x 0 = 0 hp&gk; 10 x 0 = 0 hp&gk; 10 x 3 = 30
kpJdk; 8x4 = 32 kpJdk; 8x0 = 0 kpJdk; 8x2 = 16
flfk; 4x0 = 0 flfk; 4x2 = 8 flfk; 4x1 = 4
rpk;kk; 10 x 0 = 0 rpk;kk; 10 x 0 = 0 rpk;kk; 10 x 0 = 0
fd;dp 5x0 = 0 fd;dp 5x4 = 20 fd;dp 5x0 = 0
Jyhk; 7x1 = 7 Jyhk; 7x1 = 7 Jyhk; 7x0 = 0
tpUr;rpfk; 8x2 = 16 tpUr;rpfk; 8x0 = 0 tpUr;rpfk; 8x1 = 8
jDR 9x5 = 45 jDR 9x0 = 0 jDR 9x1 = 9
kfuk; 5x1 = 5 kfuk; 5x2 = 10 kfuk; 5x3 = 15
Fk;gk; 11 x 0 = 0 Fk;gk; 11 x 0 = 0 Fk;gk; 11 x 2 = 22
kPdk; 12 x 0 = 0 kPdk; 12 x 4 = 48 kPdk; 12 x 0 = 0
bkhj;jk; 105 bkhj;jk; 93 bkhj;jk; 104
rdp
nk&k; 7x0 = 0
hp&gk; 10 x 0 = 0
kpJdk; 8x0 = 0
flfk; 4x2 = 8
rpk;kk; 10 x 1 = 10
fd;dp 5x0 = 0
Jyhk; 7x1 = 7
tpUr;rpfk; 8x1 = 8
jDR 9x3 = 27
kfuk; 5x2 = 10
Fk;gk; 11 x 1 = 11
kPdk; 12 x 0 = 0
bkhj;jk; 81
fpuf Fzhfuk; my;yJ fpuf gpz;lk;

xU nfhs; ,Uf;Fk; ,uhrpapy; cs;s gpe;Jf;fis me;j nfhspd; Fzhfu vz;iz bfhz;L bgUf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,t;thW bgUf;Ftjw;F
Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjidf;F gpwF cs;s gpe;Jf;fis vLj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/
fpuf Fzhfu vz;

y
nfJ
brt;
fpufk; Fzhfu vz;
re; FU N:hpad; 5
g[jd; (t) re;jpud; 5
,uhrp brt;tha; 8
N::hp g[jd; 5
FU 10
Rf;fpud; 7
uhF Rf; rdp
rdp 5
N:hpad; re;jpud;
N:hpad; 5x3 = 15 N:hpad; 5x2 = 10
0 0 0 2 0 0 3 1
re;jpud; 5x0 = 0 re;jpud; 5x3 = 15
brt;tha; 8x0 = 0 brt;tha; 8x0 = 0
0 2 3 2
g[jd; 5x0 = 0 g[jd; 5x3 = 15
N:hpad; re;jpud;
FU 10 x 2 = 20 FU 10 x 2 = 20
3 0 2 3
Rf;fpud; 7x4 = 28 Rf;fpud; 7x1 = 7
rdp 5x3 = 15 rdp 5x0 = 0
2 4 3 0 1 1 0 0
bkhj;jk; 78 bkhj;jk; 67

brt;tha; g[jd;
N:hpad; 5x1 = 5 N:hpad; 5x1 = 5
2 4 0 6 0 0 3 1
0 2 3 2
g[jd; 5x1 = 5 g[jd; 5x0 = 0
brt;tha; g[jd;
FU 10 x 2 = 20 FU 10 x 0 = 0
1 0 2 3
rdp 5x4 = 20 rdp 5x1 = 5
2 0 4 0 1 1 0 0
FU Rf;fud;
N:hpad; 5x2 = 10 N:hpad; 5x3 = 15
4 0 0 0 0 0 3 2
0 2 2 1
g[jd; 5x0 = 0 g[jd; 5x2 = 10
FU Rf;fpud;
FU 10 x 2 = 20 FU 10 x 1 = 10
2 0 3 0
rdp 5x1 = 5 rdp 5x0 = 0
0 0 1 4 1 1 0 0
rdp;
N:hpad; 5x2 = 10
0 0 0 0
re;jpud; 5x1 = 5
brt;tha; 8x0 = 8
1 2
g[jd; 5x1 = 5
rdp
FU 10 x 2 = 20
2 1
Rf;fpud; 7x1 = 7
rdp 5x1 = 5
3 1 1 0
bkhj;jk; 52
Rj;j gpz;lk; my;yJ nrhj;jpa gpz;lk;

,uhrp gpz;lj;ija[k;. fpuf gpz;lj;ija[k; Tl;odhy; Rj;j gpz;lk; my;yJ nrhj;jpa gpz;lk; fpilf;Fk;/
nfhs;fs; N:hpad; re;jpud; brt;tha; g[jd; FU Rf;fpud; rdp

,uhrp gpz;lk; 110 136 150 105 93 104 81
fpufk; gpz;lk; 78 67 61 24 67 52 52
nrhj;jpa gpz;lk; (m) Rj;j gpz;lk; 188 203 211 129 160 156 133
Koa[iu
m&;lf th;f;fk; vdg;gLk; vl;Ltpjkhd fzpj Kiwia tpjpKiwfspd;go fzpf;Fk; tpjj;ij ,e;jg; gFjpapd; thapyhf
mwpe;Js;sPh;fs;/
thH;f ,e;jpa n$hjplk;
thH;f ,e;jpa hp&pfs;!
tzf;fj;Jld;.
R. fUzhfud;
$hjpc& rpnuhd;kzp &
mwptpay; n$hjpl khkzp.
/
tpdhf;fs;
 gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk; vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff
 rh;th&;lf m&;lf th;f;fk; vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff

 jphpnfhz nrhjid vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff
 Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff
 nrhj;jpa gpz;lk vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff/
ghh;it E}y;fs;
guhruh;?ciu: fphp!; rh;kh/ gpUfj; guhruh n\huh rh!;jpuk;. rhfh; gg;spnf&d;;!;. g[J jpy;yp
rp/v!;/gnly; & rp/V/ Rg;gpukzpa rh!;jphpfs;. m&;lf th;f;fk;. rhfh; gg;spnf&d;!;. g[J jpy;yp/
gp/v!;/ rh!;jphp. rPf;bul;!; M`g; m&;lfth;fh. u”;rd; gg;spnf&d;!;. g[J jpy;yp/
gp/tp/uhkd;. m&;lth;fh rp!;lk; M`;g; gpuof;rd;. a[/gp/v!;/gp/o/ gg;spnf&d;!;. g[J jpy;yp/
gy tifahd n$hjpl ,iza js’;fs;
fiyr; brhw;fs;
gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk;; ? ml;ltiz totpy; m&;lf th;f;fk; mikg;gjhFk;;

02 அஷ்டவர்கம் வர்க்க கணிதம்

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02 அஷ்டவர்கம் வர்க்க கணிதம்

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m&;lf th;f;fk;;

ghFjp ? 02 m&;lf th;f;f fzpjk;

jpU/ S.M. rjhrptk;

md;ghd cyf mwpthspfns! tzf;fk;

R. fUzhfud;. MA DTA DPCS

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

ghFjp ? 02 m&;lf thf;f fzpjk;;

gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk;; ..........................................................................................................4

rh;th&;lf th;f;fk;; .......................................................................................................................6

jphpnfhz nrhjid ......................................................................................................................6

,uhrp Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk;................................................................................11

fpuf Fzhfuk; my;yJ fpuf gpz;lk; ....................................................................................12

Rj;j gpz;lk; my;yJ nrhj;jpa gpz;lk; .................................................................................13

ghh;it E}y;fs; ...........................................................................................................................14

Prepared By R.Karunakaran, MA DTA DPCS

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

m&;lf th;f;f fzpjk;

gpu!;jhu m&;lf th;f;fk;;

uhF Rf; rdp re; brt; g[jd;

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

1) N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;f jphpnfhz nrhjid:

2) re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

3) brt;tha; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

4) g[jd; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

5) FU m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

6) Rf;fpud; m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

7) rdp m&;lf th;f;fk; jphpnfhz nrhjid:

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

1) N:hpad; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:

2) re;jpud; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

3) brt;tha;; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa njhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

4) g[jd; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

5) FU m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

6) Rf;fpud; m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

6) rdp m&;lf th;f;f Vfhjpgj;jpa nrhjid:

flfk;. rpk;kk; ,uhrpfSf;F nrhjid ,y;iy/ (tpjp vz;?1)

,uhrp Fzhfuk; my;yJ ,uhrp gpz;lk;

N:hpad; re;jpud; brt;tha;

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

fpuf Fzhfuk; my;yJ fpuf gpz;lk;

fpuf Fzhfu vz;

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

Rj;j gpz;lk; my;yJ nrhj;jpa gpz;lk;

nfhs;fs; N:hpad; re;jpud; brt;tha; g[jd; FU Rf;fpud; rdp

 rh;th&;lf m&;lf th;f;fk; vd;why; vd;d> tpsf;Ff

bgWnthk;; n$hjpl rh!;jpu “hdk;;

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