National Disintegration

Introduction
Nation:
A nation is an aggregate of individuals living in a particular area having
common historical back ground and pursuing common collective
interests. It is the community of purpose which keeps them united and
gives them strength and prosperity. It is the achievement of his higher

ideal which makes them forget their individual differences and interests
and to work unitedly for the realization of collective objectives.

National Unity:
National unity is a process of achieving national cohesion, stability,
prosperity, strength, and feelings of being united as a nation.
Disintegration:
The process of losing cohesion or strength. OR
The process of coming to pieces.
Disintegration in Pakistan :
There is a crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its birth. It is the
victim of poor national integration. Lack of integration in Pakistan is
fundamental problem and it has been subjected to comment by
intellectuals in the country. This has been hitting the head lines of the
newspaper. Due to lack of national integration in the country, Pakistan
has been pushed to a vicious circle. It has made Pakistan a sorry state of
affairs, and a pivot of terrorist's activities.
Causes of Disintegration:
Disunity results in fall of the countries. There are many examples in the
history of the world when due to lack of national unity there have been
internal as well as external dangers to the security and survival of
countries. In our history also, we lost East Pakistan due to lack of
national unity. Pakistan has facing disunity owing to,
 Ethnical difference:
Pakistan is the country with multi ethnic diversity. Different
diameter such as religion, language, territory and caste, give birth
violent conflicts among different ethnic identities of Pakistan. The
issue first gave birth after the linguistic movement run by East
Pakistanis in 1948. For example, the Ayub Khan period especially
shield an ethnic bias. 22 families controlled 2/3 of Pakistan's
industries assets 70% of insurance companies and 80% of banking
most of them belong to West Pakistan. Such economic condition
became a major source to create a sense of insecurity among
Bengalis and created disunity between East and West Pakistan. In
result East Pakistan became a new state in shape of Bangladesh.
 Sectarian issues:
This is now one of the most rising problem in Pakistan and
creating disunity in the country. The sectarian war between Shias
and Sunnis in Pakistan has deep roots with the objectives of
 foreign agencies. Available figures indicate that, since January
1989 to 2017 more than 40 Thousand Shias has been killed and
5,279 injured in 2,866 incidents of sectarian violence and terror
across the country. Being Muslims we should be unit because
Islam teaches us unity.
 Linguistic difference:
The issue started from Educational Conference, held at Karachi on
November 1947. Fazlur Rehman, Bengali Minister of Education
introduced reforms in educational system, which would be printed
only in DEUrdu and English. Urdu was declared the national
language of Pakistan. Bengali was the mother tongue of 54 percent
of the people of all Pakistan and 98 percent of East Pakistan.
According to the principle of democracy Bengali should have been
the first choice but not. The imposition of Urdu as national
language resulted one of the major causes for the loss of East
Pakistan.
National language is supposed to unite a country but in Pakistan,
national language became the sources of failure of national
integration and due it regionalism phenomena up their heads in the
country.
 Political instability:
The quick changes of political governments in Pakistan from its
beginning, the changing of loyalties of political leaders for their
self interest, imposition of different martials and the formation of
various political parties further rifted the political stability and
affect the national integration of the country. The policy makers
were and are making policies which favoured a few industrialists,
Khans, Choudhries and Waderas. Therefore we do not feel any
change in the economic condition of the common people and
particularly the far flung inhabitants of Baluchistan, Sindh, KPK
and Punjab and also creating disunity
 Cultural difference:
 Cultural disintegration implies a circumstance at the extreme end
of the acculturation process and thus is likely to have the most
profound negative effects on individuals. Integration occurs when
individuals retain a value for their traditional culture but also desire
participation in the dominant society. Assimilation comes about
when there is a desire to become a member of the dominant culture
and there is no attachment to the original culture. Separation is the
opposite of assimilation, where the total commitment is to the
original culture and a rejection of the dominant culture. Lastly,
marginalization occurs when the traditional culture is lost and there
is no attachment to the dominant culture.
 Racial violence:
It’s important to note that racial discrimination serves as a
lightning rod for violent interactions and must be eliminated from
society at the structural level.
 Economic disparity:  
Pakistan came into existence as a nation by integration of different
regions speaking different languages but united on the basis of
religion. In this condition Marxist definition of nation couldn't
apply to Pakistan a nation having one language with one
nationality. The provincial government did not have any control
over its own economy as everything was controlled by the Centre.
This situation creates the feelings of economic disparity among
different provinces' particularly in the East wing of the country. As
all Trading bodies and foreign missions were established in West
Pakistan, and most of the foreign aid and the national development
budget were allocated for the west wing. From 1947-48 and 1960-
61 capital investment for development allocated for East wing was
172 corers while for West wing it was 430 corers. As a result, the
economic gap between the two wings increased significantly over
the years. As a result, the economic gap between the two wings
increased significantly over the years. This economic disparity
 among the two wings lead rift in the national integration of
Pakistan and thus in 1971 the evident of fall of Dacca happened.

Suggestions to improve Unity:

There is no doubt that Pakistan is passing through the most critical
period of its history. The terrorism, sectarianism, corruption,
political unrest and economic crisis are causing a threat to its
solidarity. The vital need of the hour is to strengthen our unity as a
nation. It can be achieved by projecting and introducing
 Assimilation policy:
One way to achieve national integration is the assimilation policy.
Assimilation is done through imposing the culture of majority over
minority and by eliminating the parochial identities in such a way
that with the passage of time the minority groups adopt the culture
of majority groups. For instance, in America, the state imposed the
American popular culture on the entire people in a process known
as “Americanization”.
 Unity in diversity:
National integration can be achieved through diversity. Without
eliminating parochial identities, national integration cannot be
achieved. There are different forums and modules but federalism is
the best example through which national integration can be
achieved. Federalism is the great unifying factor for a
heterogeneous society.
 Quality education:
Nelson Mandela says, “Education is the most powerful weapon
through which you can change the world.” In this way, national
integration can be gained through imparting quality education.
According to Plato, all the people of the state should have same
education system. Furthermore, he says that uniform education
system can bring unity in the state.
 Mass participation:
 Deprivation and frustration pop up when people are not allowed to
freely participate in the political, social and economic activities.
This leads to disintegration of the society. Thus, to achieve
national integration, people’s participation in all societal activities
is more than necessary.
 Charismatic Leader:
Last but not least, a charismatic leader can play a crucial role in
national integration. Leader is the driver of vehicle of the nation. A
farsighted and intellectual leader brings the nation under the
umbrella of national integration.
 Imposition of Islamic System:
Islamic system of life in our country because Islam helps in
creating national unity brotherhood and equality. It guarantees
social justice and does not allow any kind of exploitation or
discrimination.
 Role of Media:
Media i.e. T.V, radio and newspaper should play their vital
positive role in promotion national unity.
 Government Role:
Government should take steps to promote mutual understanding
and co operation among the people of the five provinces.
 The ideological basis for which Pakistan came into existence.
 we should work for the success of democracy and representative
government in Pakistan.
 We should make people patriotic by giving them a sense of
participation in the affairs of the government.
 The provincial governments must be left free from develop their
resources and to solve their regional problems freely without any
interference from the central government.
 To make Pakistan powerful and prosperous national unity is must.
 Equal rights must be given to all citizens of Pakistan irrespective
of caste, creed, area and language.
 Educational system especially syllabus on all levels should be
based on national unity.
 Students are leaders of future. There should be seminars in
educational institutions for improving national unity.
 Every citizen should play his part and realize his basic
responsibility in serving the nation. 

Conclusion: 
In short,  it can be said that national integration
plays a very productive role in the nation-building and
development. we can say that national unity is the first and
foremost necessity of peaceful and prosperous country. No one can
deny the fact that unity is safety. This we can do only by realizing
our responsibilities and recognizing other people’s rights.

References:
 http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-
subjects/essay/essays/40963-poor-national-integration-pakistan-
causes-effects-remedies.html
 https://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/causes-of-failure-of-
national-integration-in-pakistan-politics-essay.php
 http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/cultural-
psychology/cultural-disintegration/

The End