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CONSULTANT FOR

PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS

Project title: Cyclohexane


Sector: Petrochemical
Product: Cyclohexane

Prepared By -
PHANS4 CONSULTING PRIVATE
LIMITED
Cyclohexane is mainly used for the
CYCLO industrial production of adipic acid and
HEXANE caprolactam, which are precursors to
nylon
USES AND APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT

Nearly all  cyclohexane  is consumed in the production of cyclohexanol

and cyclohexanone, which are then used mainly to make  Adipic

acid  and  caprolactam  respectively. Adipic acid accounts for 60% of

cyclohexane demand and is used to make  nylon  6,6. Around 75% of

global caprolactam is used in nylon 6 manufacture.

These fibres are used in apparel such as ladies’ hosiery (stockings),

sleepwear and underwear, carpets and home furnishings. Other nylon

6,6 fibres applications include tyre cord, fishing line, brush bristles and

tough fabrics for parachutes, backpacks, luggage and business cases.


MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Cyclohexane is branched chain aliphatic compound. Hydrogen is

added to the benzene ring to convert it from aromatic to cyclic

aliphatic structure.

Brief description of cyclohexane production by benzene

hydrogenation flow sheet : -

i. Benzene is vaporized and mixed with hydrogen and passed to the

packed bed containing the nickel and platinum catalyst. The

operation condition of the reactor should be maintained at the

temperatures between 165 to 320  oC and the pressure in the

range of 2-3 MPa.


CYCLOHEXANE MANUFACTURING
Benzene hydrogenation is exothermic process so it is sufficient if the

inlet temperature maintained at 150oC to initiate the reaction. Heat

generated from reactor used for producing process steam. The outlet

of the reactor cooled to 80oC and flashed into the separator.

Unreacted gas is recycled to the reactor by the compressor and small

liquid portion continuously recycled to the reactor to recover the

unreacted benzene.
The cooled liquid is complex mixture to separate into individual

components by the distillation technique. Carry over gases removed

initially by the distillation column and then the bottom of the

distilling column containing cyclohexane and fractions of benzene fed

to the purification section.

BENZENE AND CYCLOHEXANE SEPARATION METHODS:

Benzene and cyclohexane have their boiling points near 80oC at

atmospheric pressure and separating them into pure fractions by

distillation technique is quite energy consuming and inefficient in

operation.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Pervaporation  technique using membrane separation process. Some

of the membranes developed are:

Chitosan membrane built with carbon nanotubes

Sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

membrane
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Pervaporation  technique using membrane separation process. Some

of the membranes developed are:

Chitosan membrane built with carbon nanotubes

Sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

membrane
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Extractive distillation:  Using an external solvent benzene and

cyclohexane can be separated with better efficiency and less

operation cost than simple distillation.

Compounds like phenol, propylene glycol and aniline are some of the

solvent have shown good performance in extractive distillation

technique.
Azeotropic distillation:    Acetone and water breaks the azeotrope.

Cyclohexane is recovered initially by the acetone and benzene is

removed from bottom of the first stage and in second stage water

recovers the acetone producing the pure cyclohexane. Recovered

acetone is recycled again to the first stage. However this process is

energy consuming.
PROJECT INVESTMENT PROFILE

Technology provider: Axens

Project description : The most consumption of this product is for producing

cupperloctam & acid adipic.

Capacity of the plant: 100.00 ton/year

Raw material required : Hydrogen & benzene

Project construction period : 2 years

Project cost: 23.55 Million US dollars

Net present value( NPV) : 0 US dollars for 0 year

Internal rate of return( IRR) : 28%

Payback Period(PP) : 0 year


PHANS4 CONSULTING PVT. LTD.

PHANS4 is engaged in global consulting solutions, where we combine


classic management consulting with outstanding technological expertise.
For more than 9 years, we have been supporting companies and startups
around the globe, helping them to improve the sustainability of their
competitiveness and performance capabilities along the entire value chain
with the aid of innovative technologies.

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