Q.no.

1 Briefly discuss the corporate social responsibility standard on following topics,

(a) bribe and corruption
(b) money laundering
(c) environment (06)

Answer:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company
be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing corporate social
responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of
impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic, social, and environmental
(a) Bribe and corruption.
Bribery.
Bribery is the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit
advantage. The key issue regarding whether or not something is considered bribery is
determining whether the act is illicit or contrary to accepted morality or convention. Bribery
therefore is defined as an unlawful act, but it can be a business ethics issue. The reason is that
bribery can be defined differently in varying situations and cultural environments.
Bribery can be defined many ways. For example, there is something called active corruption or
active bribery, meaning that the person who promises or gives the bribe commits the offense.
Passive bribery is an offense committed by the official who receives the bribe. It is not an
offense, however, if the advantage was permitted or required by the written law or regulation of
the foreign public official’s country, including case law. Small facilitation payments made to
obtain or retain business or other improper advantages do not constitute bribery payments. In
some countries, such payments are made to induce public officials to perform their functions,
such as issuing licenses or permits. However, criminalization by other countries does not seem a
practical or effective complementary action. In many developed countries, it is generally
recognized that employees should not accept bribes, personal payments, gifts, or special favors
from people who hope to influence the outcome
Corruption.
Corruption erodes trust, weakens democracy, hampers economic development and further
exacerbates inequality, poverty, social division and the environmental crisis. Exposing corruption
and holding the corrupt to account can only happen if we understand the way corruption works
and the systems that enable it. Corruption is one of the biggest issues all over the world. Simply
corruption means adopting unfair means to achieve something illegally. And it is one of the most
alarming problems in Pakistan. Pakistan is ranked as the 117th least corrupt nation out of 175
countries according to the 2018 Corruption Perception Index reported by Transparency
International. Corruption ranked in Pakistan average 109.04 from 1995 until 2018 reached an all-
time high of 144 and it can horribly increase in upcoming years. Furthermore, in Pakistan the
majority of the people are corrupt. Every institution is led by corrupt people, such as education
institutions are one of the most corrupt sectors in Pakistan and healthcare, hospital staff acts 25
doctors and nurse reports 13, Sport sector, taxation, etc. Each and every office is mingled with
this disease which has emptied the economy of the country. Until no one takes any action about
the corruption, our country is going to face inflation, poverty and unemployment in a larger
scale. Therefore, I request the government to take action against corruption. Due to corruption
our country is backward and it will never let the country to be prosperous.
(b) Money laundering.

Money laundering is the illegal process of concealing the origins of money obtained
illegally by passing it through a complex sequence of banking transfers or commercial
transactions. The overall scheme of this process returns the "clean" money to the launderer in an
obscure and indirect way. One problem of criminal activities is accounting for the proceeds
without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. Considerable time and effort may be
put into strategies that enable the safe use of those proceeds without raising unwanted suspicion.
Implementing such strategies is generally called money laundering. After money has been
laundered, it can be used for legitimate purposes. Money laundering is a complex type of a
white-collar crime. It has far-reaching negative effects upon the economy of any country. What
is money laundering? The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) identifies it as the processing of
criminal proceeds to disguise their illegal origin. FATF being watchdog of governments’
financial activities to track any misappropriation related to money laundering regulations
included Pakistan in its ‘grey list’ in June 2018. Let us understand how money laundering is
being done in Pakistan.

(c) environment
 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management provides a resource for the
ever increasing number of organizations concerned about social and environmental
responsibilities in the context of sustainable development and are interested in developing tools
and case studies to improve their performance and accountability in these areas.

The focus of the journal is on research and practical advice for the development of tools,
practical case studies and an assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of different
approaches. It encourages debate over the development of issues as well as monitoring the
demands being made of and by various stakeholder groups. It discusses issues of methodology,
principles, practice, science, technology and law. It is a refereed journal and contributions of a
high quality aimed at an interdisciplinary audience are invited.