Objective:- To determine the dielectric strength of transformer oil.

Equipments required:-

1. Portable oil testing set-220/250 V

2. HV transformer-50 kV/250 V

3. Gap setting gauges -0.15711 width

Theory

The two unit portable testing set is designed for the periodical testing of samples of insulating
oils drawn from plant on site and for checking the dielectric strength of new samples of oil. The
equipment is designed to operate from 200/250V, 50Hz, Single phase AC supply. Test gap voltage up to
50kV, it consists of two units, one is containing the testing transformer and other is control and
metering equipments. These equipments are kept in a metal box to provide full protection to the
apparatus during transport and storage. To determine the electric strength , transformer oil is
periodically tested by means of oil punching apparatus. To test sample, transformer oil is poured into a
porcelain vessel in which two disk electrode
8 mm and 25 mm diameters are mounted. Distance between the disks is set to 2.5 mm. a vessel filled
with oil and set in oil punch. The oil is allowed to settle for 20 minutes to air out of it. Next one shall
gradually raise the voltage at 1 - 2 kV in the second before the onset of breakdown.

Circuit Diagram

PROCEDURAL STEPS:

To assess the insulating property of dielectric transformer oil, a sample of the transformer oil is taken and
It’s breakdown voltage is measured.

1. The transformer oil is filled in the vessel of the testing device. Two standard-compliant test
electrodes with a typical clearance of 2.5 mm are surrounded by the dielectric oil.
2. Place the High Voltage transformer unit about 7 away from the control unit.

3. The control unit is connected to supply voltage taking care that the earth connections are
effective.

4. The multiple point control switch is set at its lowest tapping.

5. A test voltage is applied to the electrodes and is continuously increased up to the breakdown
voltage with a constant, standard-compliant slew rate of e.g. 2 kV/s.

6. When testing transformer oil one make 6 breakdowns at 10 minute intervals. The first
testing is considered the s trial and its result is ignored. For the value of the breakdown
voltage arithmetic average is taken from the five of subsequent breakdowns. In case of
unsatisfactory test results re-sample is taken, and then given a final conclusion.

7. At a certain voltage level breakdown occurs in an electric arc, leading to a collapse of the test
voltage.

8. An instant after ignition of the arc, the test voltage is switched off automatically by the testing
device. Ultrafast switch off is highly desirable, as the carbonisation due to the electric arc must be
limited to keep the additional pollution as low as possible.

Result:
Transformer Oil Test

1. Pure Oil

A. Theoretical Result: Dielectric strength of oil =64kv at 2.5mm gap

B. Practical Result: Dielectric strength of oil =60kv at 2.5mm gap.

2. Oil with impurities

A. Theoretical Result: Dielectric strength of oil =30kv at 2.5mm gap

B. Practical Result: Dielectric strength of oil =27kv at 2.5mm gap.

CONCLUSION:

In this practical we have done transformer oil test. As the breakdown voltage of transformer
for pure oil is between 60kv and 64kv and for impure oil it is between 27kv and 30kv both
practically and theoretically so the quality of the transformer oil is OK.
Objective:- To determine the Insulation Resistance of single phase transformer.

Equipments:-

1. Megger
2. DC voltage sources

Theory :-

Insulation resistance is the ratio of applied voltage to the resulting current at a specified time
after the voltage is applied. Direct voltage are used for measuring insulation resistance values.
Insulation resistance test of transformer is essential type test. This test is carried out to ensure the
healthiness of overall insulation system of an electrical power transformer. The insulation
resistance (IR) test (also commonly known as a Megger test) is a spot insulation test which uses
an applied DC voltage (typically 250Vdc, 500Vdc or 1,000Vdc for low voltage equipment
<600V and 2,500Vdc and 5,000Vdc for high voltage equipment) to measure insulation resistance
in either kΩ, MΩ or GΩ. The measured resistance is intended to indicate the condition of the
insulation or dielectric between two conductive parts, where the higher the resistance, the better
the condition of the insulation. Ideally, the insulation resistance would be infinite, but as no
insulators are perfect, leakage currents through the dielectric will ensure that a finite (though
high) resistance value is measured.

Circuit Diagram
Procedure
1. Low voltage side:
 Measure insulation resistance between low voltage windings and the main body
of the transformer.
 Adjust MEGGER tester at 1000 V DC.
 Record the value of insulation resistance measured by MEGGER tester after applying
1 min.
 We got practically 800MΩ Resistance .
2. High voltage side:
 Measure insulation resistance between how voltage windings and the main body
of the transformer.
 Adjust MEGGER tester at 5000 V DC.
 Record the value of insulation resistance measured by MEGGER tester after applying
1 min.
 We got practically 750MΩ Resistance .

Result:
The summary is that if the Insulation resistance test of transformer between high voltage
windings and the transformer body is less than 300 Mega Ohm indicates on the weakness of
insulation that means contact between transformer body and high voltage windings.

Also when measuring resistance insulation between the low voltage windings and the
transformer body have a lower resistor is 200 Mega Ohm and less than that indicates the
presence of contact between transformer body and low voltage windings.