MODULE 2 | PUMPS

Pump is a machine used to add energy to a liquid to transfer the liquid from one point
to another point of higher energy level.

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP is a machine which the pumping action is accomplished by

imparting kinetic energy to the fluid by a high speed revolving impeller with
vanes and subsequently converting this kinetic energy into pressure energy
either by passing through a volute casing or through diffuser vanes
ROTARY PUMP is a positive displacement pump consisting of a fixed casing
containing gears, cams, screws, vanes, plungers or similar elements actuated by
rotation of the drive shaft.
RECIPROCATING PUMP is a positive displacement unit wherein the pumping action
is accomplished by the forward and backward movement of a piston or plunger
inside a cylinder usually provided with valves.
DEEP WELL PUMP is divided into plunger or reciprocating turbine, ejector
centrifugal types and air lifts.
HYDRAULIC RAM a cyclic water pump powered by hydropower. It takes in water at
one "hydraulic head" (pressure) and flow rate, and outputs water at a higher
hydraulic head and lower flow rate.

VOLUME FLOW RATE OF LIQUID HANDHELD BY THE PUMP (Q)

Volume flow rate is the volume of the liquid that passes through a given surface per
unit time it is the product of the area and velocity of
the liquid.

Q = Volume Flow Rate

V= velocity of flow
A = area of flow

PRESSURE HEAD (HP) is the height of the column of water of liquid necessary to develop
a specific pressure.

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VELOCITY HEAD (Hv) is the head required to produce the flow of fluid.

FRICTION HEAD (Hf) is the head lost by the flow in a stream or conduit due to a
frictional disturbance set up by the moving liquid and its containing conduit and by
intermolecular friction.

1. Darcy Weisbach Equation.

2. Morse Equation

Hf=friction head loss

L=total length
V= velocity
D= inside diameter
f= friction coefficient

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TOTAL HEAD OR TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (H)

The total head or total dynamic head is the total energy developed by the pump
expressed in height of liquid. It is the algebraic sum of static head, pressure head,
friction head and velocity head.

HYDRAULIC OR WATERPOWER

Hydraulic power is the theoretical power necessary to raise a given volume of liquid
from a lower to a higher elevation.

PUMP EFFICIENCY (Ep)

Pump efficiency is the ratio of the hydraulic power or waterpower to the brake power.

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MOTOR EFFICIENCY is the ratio of brake power to the input power.

OVERALL EFFICIENCY(E) is the ratio of the hydraulic or waterpower to the input power.

RECIPROCATING CHARACTERISTICS

1. Piston Displacement is the volume which a piston in a cylinder displaces in a

single stroke, equal to the distance the piston travels times the internal
cross-section of the cylinder.
a. Piston Rod is neglected.

b. Piston rod is Considered.

2. Actual Discharge (Q).

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3. Slip (S) is the difference between the piston displacement and the actual
discharge.

4. Percent Slip is the ratio of the slip to the piston displacement.

5. Volumetric Efficiency, (Ev) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the piston
displacement.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

1. Specific Speed, (Ns) is a number used to predict the performance of centrifugal

pumps. It is the speed at which a geometrically similar impeller of a pump
would run to discharge 1gpm at 1ft head.

2. Similar Pumps

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PUMP LAW FOR SAME PUMP

a. Variation in Impeller speed

if impeller diameter is constant.

b. Variation in impeller diameter if impeller speed is constant.

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