Republic of the Philippines

TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences

MODULE IN

RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

Module I
Title: RA 1425 and the Birth of Filipino Nationalism

Introduction: The meaning and importance of a man’s task can be understood and
appreciated when viewed within time and its proper historical context. By studying
the Philippines in the 19th century we can fully understand and appreciate Jose
Rizal. In the making of the Filipino nation, one has to know the development in the
century when he lived, the period when he worked.

Overview: This lesson discusses Spanish colonization and the Philippines during
the 19th century. The discussion centers on the life works and teaching of national
hero Jose Rizal. This follows the provision on the Rizal law RA 1425. Rizal law focus
on the need for strengthening this sprit of nationalism and patriotism and the life
among students to rekindle the flame among their hearts the love for one’s country.

Objectives:

1.Discuss the history of the Rizal law, it is importance, provisions and

significance.
2. Critically assess the effectiveness of the Rizal course to the country
Philippines.
3. Interpret the values, lesson that can be derived from studying Rizal’s life.
4. Compare and contrast the conditions of the Philippines during the time of
Rizal to the Present.
5. Obtain information and express their opinions about the course.
6. Participate in the decision making at school.

Pre-Test:
INSTRUCTION: Write the correct letter on the blank before each number.

1. Rizal law (A. RA 1325, B. RA 1425, C. RA 2426, D. RA 1525) mandates to

inclusion curricula the life work and writing of Jose Rizal.
2. The life, work and writings of Jose Rizal, his novels (A. Noli and Fili, B.
Diaryong Tagalog A Las Dudas, C. Pahimakas at laong-laan, D. Mi Ultimo
Adios at Mi Ritero) are constant and inspiring source of patriotism and
nationalism.
3. The board of national education shall cause the translation of (A. Andres
Bonifacio, B. Gregorio del Pilar, C. Jose Rizal, D. Paciano Mercado) work and
writing and to English, Tagalog and principal dialect.
4. The like of Rizal, Panganiban, Ponce, and Lopez Jaena are the patriots of
propaganda movement that stirred our country the Philippine into a (A.
Reformist, B. Middle Class, C. Ilustrado, D. Revolution).
5. Rizal novel El Filibusterismo was written as a tribute about hero to (A.
GOMBURZA, B. Propaganda movement, C. La Liga Filipina, D. Laong-Laan)
6. 1425 known as the (A. Patriotism law, B. Congress law, C. Rizal law, D.
Educational law) mandates all education institutions in the Philippines to offer
courses about Jose Rizal.
7. It is (A. Claro M. Recto B. Ramon Magsaysay, C. Jose Rizal, D. Jesus
Paredes) was the main proponent of Rizal bill which is the campaign catholic
church opposed the approval of Rizal law.
8. Due to spread of colonialism and Imperialism (A. Japanese, B. American, C.
Spanish, D. Europeans) found it easier to abuse their colonies like the
Philippines.
9. The name Rizal came from the Spanish word (A. Rampage B. Racial, C.
Reunion, D. Race).
10. The birthday of Rizal to be celebrated was on (A. June 19, 1862, B. June 19,
1861, C. June 20, 1862, D. June 20, 1861)

Activity:

1. Film viewing of “Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?”

2. After film viewing, make a reaction or comment comparing our time

today and the past.

3. Read an article about Philippine political condition during 19 th century? High

light the important facts that you read.

4. Cut out pictures of Father Gomez, Burgos and Zamora and write their
biography. Paste them on bond paper or draw it in a pencil (this should be your own
drawing)
Topic Discussion:

LESSON 1. REPUBLIC ACT 1425

The Rizal Law (RA 1425) mandates the study of Rizal’s life and works. This
Act calls for an increased sense of nationalism from the Filipinos during the time of a
dwindling Filipino identity. The framer of this cited” today, more than the other period
of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and
nationalism for which our heroes lived and died”.

Another important point from RA 1425 is “Whereas, all educational institutions

are under the supervision of and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools
enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and to
teach the duties of citizens. It is very important to use our educational institutions to
instill these values to the children who are in their prime years of growing and
learning.

Lastly, “The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into
English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed , free of charge, to
persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Councils
throughout the count .” It is commendable that in the context of this act, the poor is
well represented and that it is attainable regardless of ethnicity, social stature, and
language barriers.
sLESSON 2 . THE BIRTH OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

The Birth of Filipino Nationalism

The rise of the Filipino nation was slow but inevitable. Spain, unwittingly,
helped to unite the Filipinos by giving them Christian religion, the Spanish civilization,
and a centralized government. Unfortunately, the growth of the nationalism was slow
because of the difficulty in social and economic intercourse among them. But the 19 th
century saw the flowering of the national spirit stimulated by the following influences:

1. Opening of the Philippines to World Trade

The opening of the 19th century saw Europe adopting a more liberal
commercial policy. Spain, following the example of other European powers,
liberalized her economic policy in the Philippines by permitting foreign firms to do
business in Manila. In 1809, the 1st English firm was established in the city.
In the year 1834, Manila was officially opened to the world trade. In later years
more ports were thrown open to world commerce, such as Sual, Iloilo, and
Zamboanga in 1855: Cebu in 1860; and Legaspi and Tacloban in 1873.
Owing to contact with the world trade, the Philippines experienced a
remarkable progress in agriculture, and industry. There was material prosperity, and
the people enjoyed higher standard of living.

2. Rise of an Enlightened Middle Class

Material prosperity produced enlightened middle class, consisting of well-to-
do farmers, teachers, lawyers, physicians, writers and government employees. They
read books and newspapers, discussed political problems and reforms, and sent
their children to colleges and universities in Manila and abroad.
From the enlightened middle class came the leading intellectuals of the
country and the patriots of the propaganda movement who stirred the Philippines
into a revolution. Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, The Luna brothers (Juan and
Antonio), Jose Ma. Panganiban, Mariano Ponce, Graciano Lopez-Jaena and Dr.
Pedro A. Paterno were among such men.
 3. The Spanish Revolution of 1868
On September 19, 1863, a revolution broke out in Cadiz, Spain, against the
autocratic rule of Queen Isabella II (1836-1868), led by two able generals - Serrano
and Prim. The revolutionists took advantage of the time when the queen, with her
family and court, was vacationing at San Sebastian, a seaside resort in Spain.
The triumph of liberalism in Spain echoed in her colonies across the seas.
Colonial officials with democratic ideas were sent to Manila and the Filipinos soon
enjoyed the blessings denied to them before – religious toleration, freedom of
assembly, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press.

4. Opening of the Suez Canal (1869)

The opening of the Suez Canal to world shipping on November 17, 1860,
greatly affected the course of the Philippine History. The canal, built by Ferdinand de
Lesseps, a Frenchmen, connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean linking Europe
and the Orient closer.
The Philippines was, thus, brought nearer to Spain. The canal facilitated travel
and communication. Not only Spaniards, but also world travellers with new ideas
came to the Philippines via the Suez Canal.

5. The Influx of Liberal Ideas

The ships that came to the open ports of the Philippines via the Suez Canal
carried with them men of liberal ideas from America and Europe. They bought
newspapers and books that contained the enlightened thoughts of Montesquieu,
Rousseau, Locke, Stuart Mill, Jefferson, Madison, as well as the democratic
ideologies of the American and French Republics.

6. The Cavite Mutiny of 1872

At sunrise of February 17, 1872 Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and
Jacinto Zamora, together with their co-accused, Francisco Zaldua, were escorted
under heavy guard from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan, now Luneta for their
execution. Of the three priest- martyrs, Father Gomez, 73 years old, was the 1 st to be
guillotined followed by Father Zamora, age 37, who died unaware of his fate, for he
had lost his mind. The last to be executed was Father Burgos, age 35, the youngest
and most brilliant of the martyred triumvirate.
 The Filipino people were stunned by the execution of the three priests. In their
Indignation, they forgot their tribal differences and regional barriers; they joined
together as one people to fight for a common cause.

Rizal’s Tribute to the Martyrs

The greatest tribute to the 3 Martyrs ever paid to them was written by Dr. Jose
Rizal who dedicated to them his immortal novel, El Filibusterismo. Such a sublime
and touching tribute to the martyrs by Dr. Jose Rizal himself a great martyr, is rare in
world literature. Perhaps never in history has a renowned martyr given a magnificent
tribute to other martyrs.

The Philippines and Spain of Rizal’s Times in the 19th Century

The Spanish colonization of the Philippines was planned for Spain to have a
base on the Silk Road and a platform for her expansion towards Asia. The impulse of
trade, entrepreneurial activity and investments in the archipelago are steadily, above
all in the 2nd half of the 19 th century. Looking at the positive aspects of colonial
process involved, the incorporation of the Philippines in the Spanish Empire brought
about the solidity that favoured the creation of a national uniqueness. Furthermore,
the participation of Catholicism that plays great influence in Philippine society and to
the involvement of the islands in an international economy, and other development
such as public works which involved building of lighthouses, the Manila Harbour
Board and Hydro graphic Committee of the Pacific
The 1800’s were period of transformation for the global world order likewise a
phase of change among different European powers. The Philippines during that
time was still under Spanish rule and struggling to Spaniards’ policy of keeping the
natives illiterate and divided along ethnic lines.

ASSESSMENT:

1. Analyze and give critique on the value content of the movie “Ganito Kami
Noon Paano Kayo Ngayon” (Give your answer in 20 sentences.)
2. List down the importance of R.A.1425 to Filipino students and to our
country as well.
 3. During the 19th century did the Philippine nationalism arise? (Give
your answer in 20 sentences.)
4. What were the effects of the opening of the Philippine to world trade among
the Filipinos? (Give your answer in 20 sentences.)
5. Enumerate the social and economic consequences to our country related to
the opening of the Suez Canal.
6. Discuss the role of Gomburza in the Cavite mutiny. (20 sentences)
7. How was the Philippines administered by the Spanish colonial officials in
the 19th century? (10 sentences)
8. What was the political condition of the Philippines during the 19th century?
9. Describe the changes that have been taking place in the Philippines with
the rise of an enlightened middle class? (10 sentences)
10. Mentions reasons if Rizal exhibited nationalism in his early life. Explain.
.

REFFERENCES:

Delos Santos, R.A., Ramos O. H., Umali, V.D, Ambida, M.N., (2014). A review in the
life and works of the first Filipino. Malabon City, Philippines: Jimczyville Publications

Manebog, J.G, Placio, P. B, Paragas, R.Y., Bides, N.G. (2014). Jose Rizal biography, love
life, and collaborations with other heroes. Malabon City, Philippines: Mutya Publishing
House , Inc.

URL

https://www.scribd.com/doc/80535499/The-Birth-of-Philippine-Nationalism
https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-in-the-19th-century/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal

https://societyworld.wordpress.com/2008/08/07/the-relevance-of-rizal-course/

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-life-and-legacy-of-jose-rizal-the-philippines-
national-hero/ 

PROF. GRACE M. CARANDANG-VIERNES PROF. GERMAN TRINANES

COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS

1. The input on RA 1425 is too minimal. The discussion will not be able to make
the students appreciate the importance of this Republic Act.

2. The Cavite Munity was not explained. The writers went directly to the
execution of Gomburza without first establishing the reason why they were executed.

3. Add two or more references which can give you better information on RA
1425 and the Birth of Filipino Nationalism.

4. Observe the format as I already indicated. Supply the data on them.

5. Please improve your objectives.

6. I edited the text/ grammar etc. and did an alteration of the way the module is
presented.

7. Please do the necessary improvement and resubmit ASAP!

Thank you

DR. AMALIA C. ROSALES