x = any axis parallel to the centroidal axis

I = moment of inertia about the x-axis

¯
I = centroidal moment of inertia
A = area of the section

d = distance between x and x’

In the same manner, the transfer formula for polar moment of inertia and the radii of
gyration are respectively

¯ 2
J = J + Ad

2
2 ¯ 2
k = k + d

Product of Inertia

Ixy = ∫ xy dA

Moment of Inertia of Common Shapes

Shape Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration

Rectangle
3 h
bh ¯
¯ kx =
I x = −−
12 √12

3
bh h
Ix = kx =
–
3 √3

Triangle ¯
bh
3
¯
h
I x = kx = −−
36 √18
3
bh h
Ix = kx =
–
12 √6
Circle

4
πr r
¯ ¯
I x = kx =
4 2

4
r
πr ¯
kz =
¯ –
J = √2
2

Semicircle

4 r
πr ¯
¯ kx = ky =
Ix = I y =
8 2

¯
¯ 4 kx = 0.264r
I x = 0.11r

Quarter circle

4 r
πr
Ix = Iy = kx = ky =
16 2

¯ ¯
¯ ¯ 4 kx = ky = 0.264r
I x = I y = 0.055r

Ellipse

3
πab b
¯ ¯
I x = kx =
4 2
3 a
πa b ¯
¯ ky =
I y =
2
4