Test - KTG & Thermodynamics Pattern: JEE Adv

Note: Qs 1- 10 are one or more than one correct type. MS: +4, +2, -2
1. The molar heat capacity for an ideal gas
(A) is zero for an adiabatic process
(B) is infinite for an isothermal process
(C) depends only on the nature of the gas for a process in which either volume or pressure is
constant
(D) is equal to the product of the molecular weight and specific heat capacity for any process
V
2. An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as shown in figure.
R
Regarding the process choose the correct statement.
(A) Heat energy is rejected in process PQ and QR.
(B) Pressure of gas decreases in process RP.
(C) Heat energy must be rejected in process RP. P
(D) Heat energy may be absorbed in process RP. Q
1/T

3. One mole of a monoatomic gas is taken from P to R, via three paths V Q R

PQR, PR and PSR. If work done by the gas in PQR is W 1, in PR
work done is W 2 and in PSR work done is W 3, then
(A) W 2 > W 3 > W 1 (B) W 1 > W 2 > W 3 P S T
(C) W 2 > W 1 > W 3 (D) W 3 > W 2 > W 1
2 2
4. The equation of a process of diatomic gas is P =  V where  is a positive constant. Then
choose the INCORRECT option(s).
2
(A) Work done by gas for a temperature change T is nRT
3
5
(B) The change in internal energy is nRT for a temperature change T
2
19
(C) The specific heat for the process is R
9
5
(D) The change in internal energy for a temperature change T is nRT
2
P
5. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken through a A B
cyclic process as shown in the P-T diagram. In the process BC, 4P0
PT2 = constant. Then the ratio of heat absorbed and heat
released by the gas during the process AB and process BC
respectively is
(A) 2 (B) 3 P0
C
(C) 5 (D) 6 T0 2T0 T

. . The molar heat capacity of an ideal gas in a process varies as C = CV + T (where CV is molar
2

heat capacity at constant volume and  is a constant). Then the equation of the process is
 T 2   T 2 
    
2R  R 
(A) Ve   constant (B) Ve   constant
 2T 2   3T 2 
   
R  2R 
(C) Ve   constant (D) Ve   constant
7. 4 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated isobarically so that its absolute temperature
increases 2 times. Then the entropy increment of the gas in this process is
(A) 285. J/k (B) 42.5 J/k
(C) 57.5 J/k (D) 76.5 J/k
8. Two moles of an ideal diatomic gas is taken through a process VT2 = constant so that its
 U 
temperature increases by T = 300 K. The ratio   of increase in internal energy and heat
 Q 
supplied to the gas during the process is
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
9. A cubical box of side 5 m contains helium gas at a pressure 320 N/m 2. During an observation
time of 1 second, an atom travelling with root mean square speed parallel to one of the sides of
the cube was found to make 1000 hits with a particular wall, without any collision with the other
25
atoms. (take R  J/mol-K). Then
3
(A) The temperature of gas is 16  103 K.
(B) The temperature of gas is 8  103 K.
(C) The total mass of helium gas in the box is 1.2 gm.
(D) The total mass of helium gas in the box is 2.4 gm.
P
10. In the given graph, an ideal gas can change its state from A to C
by two paths ABC or AC. Then B C
8Pa
(A) If the internal energy of gas at ‘A’ is 10 J and the amount of
heat supplied in path AC is 200 J, then the internal energy of
gas at ‘C’ is 150 J.
(B) If the internal energy of gas at ‘A’ is 10 J and the amount of
4Pa
heat supplied in path AC is 200 J, then the internal energy of A
gas at ‘C’ is 75 J.
3 3
(C) If the internal energy of gas at state B is 20 J. Then the 5m 15 m V
amount of heat supplied to the gas to go from A to B may be 5 Joule.
(D) If the internal energy of gas at state B is 20 J. Then the amount of heat supplied to the gas to
go from A to B must be 10 Joule.

Note: Qs 11- 19 are single choice passage based problems. MS: +4, -1
Paragraph for Questions 11 & 12
Two moles of an ideal mono-atomic gas undergoes a thermodynamic process in which the molar heat
RT
capacity ‘C’ of the gas depends on absolute temperature as C  , where R is gas constant and T0 is
T0
the initial temperature of the gas. (V0 is the initial volume of the gas). Then answer the following
questions.
11. The equation of process is
 T T0  T T0
1 V0 T03/ 2  1 V T 3/ 2 
 
 
T0 T0
(A)  e 
(B)  0 05/ 2 e 

P 4RT 5 /2 P 2RT
 T  T0   T T0 
1 V0 T03/ 2  T0 
 1 V0 T03/ 2  
T0 
(C)  e (D)  e
P 4RT 5 /2 P 3RT 5/ 2
12. The minimum volume of the gas is
3 /2 3/2
2 4
(A)   V0 e1/ 2 (B)   V0 e1/ 2
3 3
3 /2 3 /2
5 8
(C)   V0 e1/ 2 (D)   V0 e1/ 2
3 3
Paragraph for Questions 13 & 14
In the arrangement shown in the fig the cylinder is insulating one. Both
sides same diatomic gas is trapped by two insulting massless pistons n vaccum n
P0 f
with the help of an ideal spring. The natural length of the spring is P0
equal to the length of the cylinder. Initial state of the gases are as V0 f
V0
shown in the figure.
 13. What is the value of energy stored in the spring?
(A) P0V0 (B) 2P0V0
PV
(C) 4P0V0 (D) 0 0
2
14. Now the gases are heated slowly, such that their temperature becomes three times to their initial
temperature. The total heat given to the system is
(A) 12P0 V0 (B) 8P0 V0
(C) 5P0V0 (D) 6P0 V0
Paragraph for Question Nos. 15 and 16
Figure shows a long cylindrical container with ideal
gas in two chambers. Lower chamber is filled with
one mole of a mono atomic gas, while upper
chamber has one mole of a diatomic gas. The 12 cm
gases initially are at temperature 300 K, the Pistons
container walls as well as pistons are conducting.
Both the pistons are identical with mass ‘M’ and
Mg 8 cm
area ‘A’ such that  P0 (atmospheric pressure).
A
Assuming the ideal gas constant to be R, answer
the following questions:
15. The upper piston is pulled up slowly by 16 cm and held there. The displacement of the lower
piston till it reaches new equilibrium state is:
(A) 2 cm (B) 4 cm
(C) 8 cm (D) 12 cm
16. Total work done by the ideal gases in this process is
9
(A) 300 Rn(3) (B) 300Rn  
5
(C) zero (D) 300 Rn(2)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 1. to 19
U
A C
5U0
Figure shows the variation of the internal energy U with the
density  of one mole of ideal monoatomic gas for a
2U0 B
thermodynamics cycle ABCA. Here process AB is a part of
rectangular hyperbola 
20 50

1. . The P-V diagram of above process

C P B P C
P C

(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these

A
A B
B A
V V V

18. The total amount of heat absorbed by the system for cyclic process is
 10   10 
(A)  ln 2.5  2  U0 (B)  ln 0.4  2  U0
 3   5 
(C) 50U0 (D) None of these
19. The work done in process AB is
(A) U0 (B) 2U0
(C) 5U0 (D) none of these.
 Note : Qs 20-21 are Assertion Reason based. Choose the correct codes.
20. STATEMENT-1: For expansion of one mole of a gas isobarically from one temperature to
another, the ratio of Q and W is depends on 
and
STATEMENT-2: Difference between CP and CV for all ideal gases is R.
21. STATEMENT-1: In isothermal quasi-static process, heat is absorbed or given out by the system
even though at every state the gas is at the same temperature as that of the surrounding
reservoir.
and
STATEMENT-2: This is possible because of the infinitesimal difference in temperature between
the system and surrounding.

Note: Qs 22-24 are Integer-Answer Type Questions.

22. Consider a vertical tube open at both ends. The cube A1
consists of two parts, each of different cross-sections and m1
each part having a piston which can move smoothly in
respective tubes. The two pistons are joined together by an
inextensible wire. The combined mass of the two piston is 5
kg and area of cross-section of the upper piston is 10 cm 2
greater than that of the lower piston. Amount of gas m2
enclosed by the pistons is one mole. When the gas is heated A2
slowly, pistons move by 50 cm. Find rise in the temperature
of the gas, in the form 25X/R K where R is universal gas
constant. Use g = 10 m/s2 and outside pressure = 105 N/m2).
Fill value of X in the answer sheet.
23. There are two vessels. Each of them contains one mole of a monoatomic ideal gas. Initial volume
of the gas in each vessel is 8.3  103 m3 at 27C. Equal amount of heat is supplied to each
vessel. In one of the vessel, the volume of the gas is doubled without change in its internal
energy, where as the volume of the gas is held constant in the second vessel. The vessels are
now connected to allow free mixing of the gas. Find the final temperature of the combined gas in
Kelvin. (take n2 = 0.6931)
24. A ideal gas whose adiabatic exponent equals  is expanded so that the amount of heat
transferred to the gas is equal to twice of decrease of its internal energy. The equation of the
1
process is TV K  constant (where T and V are absolute temperature and volume respectively).
Then find the value of ‘K’.
25. One mole of ideal monoatomic gas is taken along a cyclic
process as shown in the figure. Process 1 → 2 shown is 1/4th 2P0 2
part of a circle as shown by dotted line process 2 → 3 is
isochoric while 3 → 1 is isobaric. If efficiency of the cycle is n% P0 3
where n is an integer. Find n. 1

V0 2V0
16. 3
Due to the heating pressure inside is not changed. Let inside pressure P0A1
be  . Then for equilibrium of the system:
P  A1  A 2   P0  A 1  A 2   m1  m2  g T
m1g
PA1 T PA2
 PV   P0 A  mg L
L is displacement of the piston.
P.V  nRT
m2g P0A2
PV P0 V  mg L
T  
nR nR
10 Pa  10 m  5  10 50 102
 5 3 2
 75 
  K
1 R R
6. The molar heat capacity has the general definition
1 ∆Q
C= ⋅
n ∆T
where n = number of moles, ∆Q = heat absorbed by the gas and ∆T = rise in temperature of gas.
It is possible to obtain almost any set of values for ∆Q and ∆T by proper selection of a process.

πP0 v 0
4. Wnet = ( 2P0 v 0 ) − (P0 v 0 ) −
4
πP0 v 0 Pv
Wnet = P0 v 0 − = ( 4 − π ) 0 0 ; Put π = 3.14
4 4
0.86
Wnet = P0 v 0 = ( 0.22 ) (P0 v 0 )
4
Now,
Pv  3R
T1 = 0 0 
R
∆U1→2 = 1× [T2 − T1 ]
 2

4P v  3R
T2 = 0 0  Thus, ∆U2→3 = 1× [T3 − T2 ]
R  2


2P v 3R
T3 = 0 0  ∆U3→1 = 1× [T1 − T3 ]
R  2
∆Q1→2 = ( 4.5 ) (P0 v 0 ) + (1.22) (P0 v 0 ) = ( 5.72)(P0 v 0 )
∆Q2→3 = −3P0 v 0 + 0 = −3 (P0 v 0 )
∆Q3→1 = −1.5 (P0 v 0 ) − (P0 v 0 ) = −2.5 (P0 v 0 )
Wnet
Thus efficiency η =
+ veheat
0.22 (P0 v 0 )
η= = 0.04
( 5.72 ) (P0 v 0 )
Thus efficiency is 4%
14. process AB U = constant
P RT
 and U  t
 M
 P = const
Process BC isochoric
Process CA  isothermal

15. Q = QAB + QBC + QCA

10U0
Q = 5U0 + 3U0 + ln2.5
3
16. W AB = QAB  UAB = 5U0  (3U0) = 2U0

5R
1. QAB = nCPT = 2   2T0  T0   5RT0
2
In the process BC, PT2 = constant
PP2V2 = constant
PV2 = constant
R 3R R
 molar heat capacity, C = Cv   
1 x 2 1 2
R
C
2
R
 QBC = nCT = 2  (T0  2T0 )  RT0
2
QAB 5RT0
  5
QBC RT0

5. Given
C = CV + T2
RT dV
CV   CV  T 2
V dT
T dV
 dT   nk

R V
T 2
 n(kV)
2R
T 2
kV  e 2R
 T 2 

 2R 
 Ve  = constant

dQ
9. dS 
T
2T0
dT
 dS  nc P  T
T0

5R 25
S  4  n2  10Rn2  10   0.69
2 3
25  2.3  57.5 J/k
30. Given process is
VT2 = constant
VP2V2 = constant
PV3/2 = constant
 molar heat capacity
R 5R R
C  CV   
1 x 2 3
1
2
 C = R/2
 Heat supplied to the gas is
R
Q = nCT = 2   300  300 R
2
Increase in internal energy of the gas is
5R
 U = nCVT = 2   300  1500R
2
U 1500R
 The ratio  5
Q 300R

1
7. Time between two consecutive collision = sec
1000
2 1
So, 
vrms 1000
vrms  2000  5  10000 m/s
3RT
vrms   10000
M
108  4  10 3
So, T =  16  103 K
 25 
3 
 3 
Mass of helium gas  PV = nRT
m AC
PV = RT
M
PVM 320 125  (4 103 )
m   1.2 gm
RT  25  3
   16  10
 3 
8. In path AC P
1 B C
dW  4  10   10  4  40  20  60 J 8Pa
2
dQ = dU + dW
200 = UC  UA + 60
UC = 140 + UA = 140 + 10 = 150 J
4Pa
In path A  B A
QAB = UB  UA
5m
3 3 AD
15 m V
 U   T 
= UB  1  A   UB  1  A 
 UB   TB 
 1
= 20 1   10 Joule
 2
14. dQ = dU + dW
dQ = 2dU
3dU = dW
3nCVdT = PdV
3nRdT  nRT 
 1
  dV 3
 V 
1
From this TV 3  constant
So, K = 3
9-10. dQ = dU + dW
 nCdT = nCvdT + PdV
2RT 2RT dV
  3R   . ...(1)
T0 V dT
T  1 3  V dV
From (1)     dT  V
T0
T
 0 2T  V 0

3/ 2  T T0 
T   
T0 
On solving, V  V0  0  e
T
3/ 2  T T0
T 

2RT 
 T0

 V0  0  e 

P T
 T T0 
3/2 
1 V0 T0 T0 

B
 e
P 2RT5/2 A
dv
For minimum volume, 0
dT
3
So, T  T0 ,
2
3/ 2 3 
 T0 T0
  2


 T0   T0



Vmin = V0   e  

 3 T0 
2 
3 /2
2
Vmin =   V0 e1/ 2
3

21. For first vessel.

U = 0
V 
Q1 = W = nRTn  f   1.R.300.n2
 Vi 
 (0.6931)  300  R  207.93 R
For second vessel V = 0
3
Q2 = U = nCVT = 1 RT
2
Q1 = Q2
3
207.93R = RT 00369.31
2
 T = 138.62
Tf  300  138.62  438.62
Umix  U1  U2
(n1 + n2) C Vmix Tmix  n1CV1 T1  n2CV2 T2
T1  T2
Tmix   369.31K.
n1  n2
6. Let T1 and T2 be the initial and final temperature, then
P0 V  nRT1 ...... i 
 W
 P0  A   V  Ah   nRT2 ....  ii
 
Where h is the displacement of piston.
Also, work done on gas  U
3
Wh  nCV T  nR  T2  T1  ........  iii
2
From euqation  i  ,  ii  and  iii  A
2 WV
Wh   Wh  P0 Ab
3 A
WV
or, Ah 
5
P0 A  W
3
 
 W  Wv 
T2   P0   V  
 A  5
 P0 A  W 
 3 
5 5
T2  T1   300  5  75K.
4 4

13. If x be the initial length of the gas chambers & A be the area of cross section of the cylinder then,
V
x  0 Also P0 A = 2kx
A
P0
 2kx  P0V0  2kx 2
x
1 2 1
A
 k  2x   K 4 x 2  2kx 2  P0V0
2 2
vf
14. Similarly, Pf A  2k
A
V0
P0 A  2k
A

Pf Vf
 P  0v
P A
P0 V0 V0
Now  Q = dU + W
5
2  PV  P0V0   w
= 2 1 1
 12P0V0
3. Mg + PA = P0A
P A PA
M 0  PA
g g
mg AD
P0 
Pi A
P 
2 2 P0 A
PA m
 M 0 
2g 2
Mg

4. B  C; C = Cv + R/2 = 2R
So; QB  C = nC (TC – TB) = 2nR(TC – TB)
T T ABD
Also; C  4, A  2
TB TB
Thus; QB  C = 6nR TB.
nRTB
Qnet   QCAB  130J
2

11. Plower  Pupper = P0

3P0  (8) 2P0 12
   P0
(8  x) (28  x)
 x = 4 cm

12. W total = W upper + W lower

  24   12  
= 300R  n    n     300Rn(3)
  12   8 