MODULE 3

(For 4days from Sept.3-8, 2020)

DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the learners will able to:
1.) discuss the relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and
social development to understand his/her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2.) evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
3.) show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in actual life
situations
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ACTIVITY: Answer the question. Write your answer on the space provided.
1.) What is your understanding of a whole person?
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READING: WHAT IS HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT?
The key phrase in this chapter that you must pay attention to is whole person,
emphasizing the complete aspects of a person or his totality. To understand what it means
to perceive a person as a whole organism, we will discuss philosophical theories such as
dualism and holism.
MIND AND BODY DUALISM OF DESCARTES
Rene Descartes, one of the modern philosophers of our time, influenced much of
mankind’s thinking with his theory of duality or understanding the nature of things in a
simple, dual mode. Hence, you are familiar with the separation of body and spirit in western
religion, and of the mind and body in the study of human sciences. People perceive things as
dual in character. More example of these are the distinct male-female gender categorization
or the yin and yang of eastern thought, although western culture overemphasizes its either-
or, black-white characteristics. This is contrary to what eastern philosophers understand it
to be that there is dynamism between two forces in nature, and that each force is present in
each other and will never exist in its purest form. More examples can be thought of to
illustrate this, such as good-bad, racial purity, life-death, and other points of view where
things are taken in their absolutes or extremes.
 When we consider a human person and what various aspects make up this complex
organism, five aspects come to mind:
 physiological or the physical attributes including the five physical senses:
 cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind: thinking, recognizing, reasoning,
analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing.
 Psychological or how thinking, feeling, and behaving interact and happen in a
person.
 Social or the manner by which an individual interacts with other individuals or
groups of individuals.
 Spiritual or the attribute of a person’s consciousness and beliefs, including the values
and virtues that guide and put meaning into a person’s life.
When you look at a person and try to understand this individual, it is always good to
consider these five aspects and what it is about this person that makes him or her unique
from yourself ad from others. Understanding a person holistically means that one aspect
cannot be seen in isolation from the whole person. For example, to judge a person because
of a behavior alone is not balanced. One must see how the interplay of all five aspects
occurs within an individual. This holistic approach in viewing a person is emphasized in
education, medicine, spiritual development, relationships, and in one person’s overall
wellness.
ACITIVITY: How do these five aspects interrelate and affect each other? The following
example illustrates this.
For the past three nights, Therese has not been getting enough sleep from her usual
eight hours because of her forth-coming final exams. Today is the day of her final exams.
She wakes up feeling drowsy and with a headache. Her body feels like a ton, and she has a
literally drag herself out of a bed to get up and prepare for school. She takes a shower,
dresses up quickly, bypasses and ignores her sister Christine, who is looking at her
quizzically, and her parents at the breakfast table. Immediately, the family gets affected by
Therese’s behavior. Christine is thinking her sister is having a bad mood, she thinks Therese
woke up on the wrong side of the bed, and therefore ignores her as well. Her mom thinks
she is uptight about the final exams, mentions about it, but was just given a stare by Therese
who mumbles that she is okay but just tense about the exams. Her dad simply looks at her,
gives some comforting words of support, and continues with his breakfast.
In school, all the noise and chatter, and the pressure of taking the finals so early in
the morning agitated Therese. She is not smiling today, which is very unlike her usual self,
her temper is short, irritable and she is giving nasty looks at people who continue to annoy
her. She goes over her notes and book, tries to memorize some phrases and concepts, but
her throbbing headache makes it almost impossible to cram. She thought of taking some
pain reliever earlier but decided a can of her favorite caffeine-laden carbonated cola drink
would help, but this is providing her very little relief. She slams the book and lays her head
on the table. Therese feels miserable. She feels unsure of herself unhappy. She is tense and
nervous. Her seatmate stays away from her, although her seatmate tries to strike up a
conversation, Therese just moves her head in response. However, deep inside, she knows
what is affecting her and tries to put things under control. She starts to pray silently, and
when the bell rang, she raises her head and faces the day, and the final exams. Although still
feeling drowsy, she calms herself down and mentally prepares for what is up ahead.
Question: Answer the following questions on the space provided.
1.) If you were one of Therese’s classmate, how would you feel and how would you react to
what you are witnessing?
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2.) identify and explain the five aspects of a whole person in relation to the details of
Therese’s story.
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3.) What is your conclusion?
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Psychologists often refer to basic human drives as those that are biologically related
such as hunger and thirst. Affect, on the other hand, is the various emotional experiences
such as emotions, moods, and affective traits.

READING: FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS

Feelings, moods, and emotions do not exactly mean one and the same. Paul Ekman
of the University of California identified six basic emotions that human beings experience:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. However, a recent research study
(2014) conducted by the institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of
Glasgow and published in a journal, current biology, has conducted that there are only four
basic emotions, these are: happy, sad, afraid or surprised, and angry or disgusted. Emotions
is taken from the Latin verb, movare, which means to move on or be upset or agitated. It is
defined by Smith (1973) as a descriptive term referring to variations in level of arousal,
affective state or mood, expressive movements, and attitudes. In a state of strong emotion,
the person’s physical responses include faster heartbeat, profuse sweating and dilation of
eye pupils, higher blood pressure, and muscular tremors, affecting the nervous system in
general.
Activity: What are the equivalent terms of these emotions in our language? Happy is
masaya or maligaya,sad is malungkot or malumbay, afraid or surprised is
natakot,nasindak,nagulat or nabigla and angry or disgusted is galit,suklam or rindi. Do you
think our interpretations of these four basic emotions capture their real meaning?
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READING:
Are feelings the same as emotions? In an online article of Scientific American titled
Feeling our Emotions, the author interviewed noted neurologist, Dr. Antonio R. Damasio
(2005) about the distinction between feelings and emotions. According to Dr. Damasio, from
a neuro-scientific approach, feeling arises from the brain as it interprets an emotion, which
is usually caused by physical sensations experienced by the body as a reaction to a certain
external stimulus. An example of this would be the emotion of being afraid, which produces
a feeling or fear.
Activity: Answer the following questions on the space provided.
Imagine yourself sitting alone inside a car or taxi along EDSA during daytime. Traffic
is bad and literally crawling. Suddenly, you notice a man standing at a distance and staring
at you. Then he starts to walk toward your vehicle holding a black bag strapped around his
shoulder. Your mind begins to race. You tell yourself your life or property might be in danger
or this man may hurt you. Your body begins to react by sweating and feeling cold. Your
pulse beats faster as the man with the black bag slowly approaches the direction of your
vehicle. You notice he is opening the bag and reaching out for something inside. You look
around and not even your driver seems to notice him except you. You check on the door
locks making sure they are secured, you reach out for your cellphone, your hands are
sweaty and shaking. You feel like shouting for help. You begin to panic and begin to shake
the shoulder of your driver to take notice of the man coming closer and closer.
Question:
1.) What emotion did you get from this experienced?
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2.) What was your response to the feeling you experienced?
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3.) Draw a list of different emotions and feelings and determine how many of these you
have experienced?
READING:
Attitudes are a person’s thoughts, feelings and emotions about another person,
object, idea, behavior, or situation based on his or her values and belief systems. Beliefs and
certain values therefore affect the attitude of a person.
Behavior is a manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has. Take a
look at the following situation to illustrate how attitude and behavior are related:
Riding an overcrowded MRT couch and experiencing all sorts of physical sensations
such as heat, smell and body contact can create an unfavorable attitude that riding the MRT
is an unpleasant and abhorring experience. As a result, the individual with this attitude will
express this disgust by either avoiding the MRT or totally shutting down and becoming
oblivious to the distasteful experience or become aggressive and unpleasant to other people
while onboard the train. If this individual continues to ride the MRT with the same attitude
and corresponding behavior, other people will get affected by this individual’s behavior,
who in turn, will act out a similar aggressive or uncivil behavior onboard the train. This may
affect other commuters and a chain reaction will follow.
QUESTION:
1.) Can attitudes be changed?
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2.) How are your thoughts, feelings and behaviors related? How do they interact?
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READING: VALUES AND VIRTUES
At the core of every person lies a system of beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals
of human existence. These ideals create meaning and purpose in a person’s life. These
ideals are called Values. There are different sets of values identified by different people and
organizations, depending on what their order of priorities are, and what they intend to
achieve. Another example of Values, this time for corporation or organizations the Five Core
Values for the workplace from Robert L. Dilenschneider: 1. Integrity 2. Accountability 3.
Diligence 4. Perseverance 5. Discipline.
Shalom H. Schwartz, a psychologist and cross-cultural researcher from the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, conducted a research which covered many different peoples and
cultures to identify the ten common values people have regardless of their racial and
cultural backgrounds. Basic Human Values the findings of his research which identified the
ten basic values that can be characterized by describing their central motivation goals.
These ten basic values are:
1.) Self-Direction – independent thought and action; choosing, creating, and exploring.
2.) Stimulation – excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
3.) Hedonism – pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself
4.) Achievement – personal success through demonstrating competence according to social
standards.
5.) Power – social status and prestige, and control or dominance over people and resources.
6.) Security – safety, harmony, and stability of society of relationships and of self
7.) Conformity – restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses that are likely to upset or
harm others and violate social expectations or norms.
8.) Tradition – respect, commitment and acceptance of the customs and ideas that
traditional culture or religion provide the self.
9.) Benevolence – preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in
frequent personal contact (the in-group)
10.) Universalism – understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare
of all people, and of nature.

ACTIVITY: Answer the following questions on the space provided.

1.) What values are important to you? What values do Filipinos commonly adhere to?
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2.) Watch the video: Ted Talks-Rick Warren On a Life of purpose
(http://www.ted.com/talks/rick_warren_on_a_life_of_purpose) Then answer the following
questions.
a.) What things are important to you? Are these things worthy enough for you to risk your
future, your relationships, your career or even your own life?
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b.) What are the things that are important to you that when taken away from you or were
not honored by other people, will make you angry or feel hurt?
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READING: VIRTUES
There has been confusion over the definition of values and virtues. Oftentimes,
people interchange these two, and when they write down a list of values, they also include
virtues in this list. Values are usually nouns, while virtue are adjectives that describe positive
and desirable qualities which usually mirror a value it represents.
Here are some examples:
VALUES VIRTUES
Peace Peaceful, calm
Reputable, responsible, believable, honest,
 Integrity trustworthy
Loving, caring, compassionate, gentle,
Love affectionate
Respect Respectful, civil
Balance Objective, fair, harmonious

Values are usually reflected through these virtues, which in turn become eminent in the
attitude and behavior of a person.
ACTIVITY: identify some behavior (positive or negative) that you see every day around you.
Describe the behavior and figure out what could possibly be the attitude behind the
behavior. What value/s do you think is/are being projected or is/are lacking in the behavior?
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REFLECTION:
1) As an adolescent, which of the five aspects are you having most difficulty with?
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2.) How does your physical development affect your moods and behavior?
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3.) How you are developing as a person based on the five aspects of holistic development
(psychological, physiological, cognitive, social, and spiritual)?
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REFERENCE:
Ricardo Rubio Santos First Edition Personal Development (Rex book)
Curriculum teacher’s guide
www.youtube.com

Prepared by:
Karen Grace N. Salatan (Teacher)
Global Technical School of Zamboanga