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Stock market is an essential part of capital Market. The economy if a country largely depends
on a strong capital market. Contribution of any stock exchange generally leads to economic
growth by increasing the funds to finance industry and other enterprise.
Stock exchange is an independent company formed by shareholders member .It can take
various decisions. The objective of Stock exchange is to provide a market place along with
facilities for bringing together the buyer and seller of securities, promote just and equitable
principal of trade, protect the interest of the investors. Two stock markets in Bangladesh, one
in Dhaka entitled Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and other in Chittagong namely Chittagong
Stock Exchange (CSE) are in operation in Bangladesh.
The Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) began its journey in 10th October of 1995 from
Chittagong City through the cry-out trading system with the promise to create a state-of-the
art bourse in the country. Founder members of the proposed Chittagong Stock Exchange
approached the Bangladesh Government in January 1995 and obtained the permission of the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 1995 for establishing the country's
second stock exchange. The Exchange comprised of twelve Board members, presided by Mr.
Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury (MP) and run by an independent secretariat from the very
first day of its inception.
CSE was formally opened by then Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh on November 4,
1995.
The Chittagong Stock Exchange will create a successful well-organized and transparent
market of international standard to save and invest in Bangladesh in order to facilitate the
competent entrepreneurs to raise capital and speed up industrial growth for overall benefit to
the economy.
The prime objectives of the CSE are to create a nation-wide stock market also beyond the
national boundary, which will simultaneously act as a platform for industrial entrepreneurs
and general investors. Explicitly the objectives of CSE are following:
As legal entity CSE is a not-for-profit pub lic limited company. All of its 129
members are corporate bodies. It has a separate secretariat independent of
policymaking Board. The Board comprises of brokers and non-brokers directors with
equal proportion to ensure the transparency.
The Board constituted Committees to delegate such functions and authority as it may
deem fit. There is an independent secretariat headed by a full time Chief Executive
Officer. CSE activities are regulated by its own regulations and bye laws along with
the rules, orders and notification of the SEC.
The principal objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of CSE. To accomplish
this objective, following specific sub-objectives have been covered:-
Going through the report helps us to gather practical knowledge on stock market and enhance
our analytical ability and research approach. The area of concentration of this report is
confined in investigating different aspects of the stock market like performance, problems,
and prospects of the stock market.
The study is both theoretical and empirical. Mostly secondary data have been used in the
study. The main sources of secondary data are the portfolio published by CSE and official
website and magazines published by CSE. The information was arranged and analyzed in
different tables. After processing data we perform graphical representation such as Pie Chart
and Bar chart by using MS Excel.
To make a report numerous traits and experience are needed. But we have faced some
barriers for making a complete and perfect report. These barriers or limitations and they are
as follows:
The Chittagong Stock Exchange is a stock exchange based in the port city of Chittagong,
Bangladesh. It is one of the twin financial hubs of the country, alongside the Dhaka Stock
Exchange. Established in 1991, the exchange is located in the Agrabad business district in
downtown Chittagong. It has a combined market capitalization of US$30 billion as of 2013.
Timeline
Trading hours
Transparency
Online real time trade matching system ensures accountability and transparency in the market
that helps to enhances investor’s confidence.
Internet Trading System
CSE extended its network to the abroad by introducing Internet Trading System. Internet
Trading System enables an investor from abroad to have an access to our Market through the
System.
Visibility
CSE trading system provides trade and post-trade information to the investors. The investor
knows the depth of the market on real time basis. The system shows the best 5 buy and sell
orders and also the total number of securities available for buying and selling in the market.
CSE while list a company considers ensuring that the companies meet the listing criteria of
the Exchange and also considers the sufficiency of public interest in the company.
The main eligibility criteria for initial listing contained in CSE Listing Regulations is as
follows:
The Company shall be a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act,1994
Minimum Paid up capital of the applicant company shall be BDT Ten Million (USD
0.20 million)
Share subscription must be by at least 250 applicants
In case your company fulfils the criteria, please fill in the listing application form and
send the documents as mentioned in the regulation III(6) of the LISTING
REGULATION for further processing.
b) Listing fee for preferred shares and fixed income securities:
(i) Up to Taka 10 crore of size of the issue @0.25%
(ii) Above Taka 10 crore of size of the issue @0.15%
However, the total initial listing fee shall be minimum of Taka 50,000.00 (fifty thousand) and
maximum of Taka 10,000,000.00 (ten million) for each of the categories as mentioned above.
(2) Whenever an issuer increases the number of securities listed with the Exchange, shall
pay the Exchange a fee at the same rate as provided in sub-regulation (1) above for the
additional securities to be listed.
(3) Every issuer of listed securities shall pay Annual Listing Fee to the exchange within
31st March of every Gregorian calendar year at the following rates:
a) Annual listing fee for ordinary shares:
(i) Up to Taka 100 crore of paid-up capital @ 0.05%
(ii) Above Taka 100 crore of paid-up capital @ 0.02%
b) Annual listing fee for preferred shares and fixed income securities:
(i) Up to Taka 100 crore of size of the issue @ 0.05%
(ii) Above Taka 100 crore of size of the issue @ 0.02%
c) Annual listing fee for mutual fund and other funds:
(i) Up to Taka 100 crore of size of the fund @ 0.05%
(ii) Above Taka 100 crore of size of the fund @ 0.02%
However, the total annual listing fee shall be minimum Taka 50,000.00 (fifty thousand) and
maximum Taka 6,00,000.00 (six lac) for each of the categories as mentioned above
2010-11 crash
The bullish market turned bearish during 2010, with the exchange losing 1,800 points
between December 2010 and January 2011. Millions of investors have been rendered
bankrupt as a result of the market crash. The crash is believed to be caused artificially to
benefit a handful of players at the expense of the big players.
2.4 Number of securities enlisted
13
A B N Z
256
Observations: There are four category share exists in stock market. ‘A’ category shares
represent the value of the corporation. Basically ‘A’ category company provides minimum
10% dividend to their shareholder and ‘B’ category shares provide less than 10% irregular
dividend to shareholder. ‘N’ category share represent normal neither excellent nor poor and
‘Z’ category shows that the company don’t provide dividend &annual report regularly.
In CSE ‘A’ category share exists 256 which is around 80% of all total share. ’B’ category
share exist 13,’Z’ category exists 5 and ‘N’ category share exists 26.So overall 300company
enlisted in CSE.
2.5. Number of IPO’s
An initial public offering (IPO), referred to simply as an "offering" or "flotation ", is when a
company (called the issuer) issues common stock or shares to the public for the first time.
They are often issued by smaller, medium size companies seeking capital to expand, but can
also be done by large privately owned companies looking to become publicly traded.
From the table, we can see from 2011 to 2015 total 65 companies listed for initial public
offering. We can also say that there are different types of corporation are listed in the
Chittagong Stock Exchange. In recent years, there are some other firms introduced in the
market and fund size is also large and that is a positive signal for the market.
250000 260698
248749
200000
197242 202326
178446 Market Capitalization (Core BDT)
150000
100000
50000
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Observations: Market capitalization is the total dollar (here BDT value) market value of all
of a company's outstanding shares. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying a
company's shares outstanding by the current market price of one share. The investment
community uses this figure to determine a company's size, as opposed to sales or total asset
figures. The market capitalization was going through an upward trend from 2012 to 2014
which was a good indication of market performance. In 2015 it falls down slightly.
2.7. Trading Volume in Number
Annual value traded (Core BDT) 18634 11691 9904 9748 8847
Observations: Trade in value expresses how much amount trade in that particular year. In
2011 trade in value was 18634 core and 2012 was 11691 core. But in 2013 trade in value has
been decreased to 9904 core. In 2015 annual trade value dramatically decreased to 9748 to
8847 compare to year of 2011. We are assuming it’s a bad indication for capital market.
2.8. Trading volume in Value
Observations: Volume tells investors about the market's liquidity. Higher volume means
higher liquidity and better order execution. When investors feel hesitant about the direction of
the stock market, futures trading volume tends to increase. Volume also tends to be higher
near the market's opening and closing times, and on Mondays and Fridays. It tends to be
lower at lunchtime and before a holiday. In case of CSE, we have found a downturn from
2012 to 2014 but in 2015 it was rising which is a good indication.
Index
29940.2
Value
2128.22
1429.44
1903.48
32987.64
825.13
4353.55 6236.03
601.04
8083.36 9028.87
6165.02
17009.61
5294.4
7359.92
88162.93 17176.09
6507.01
Observations: There are eighteen sectors included in CSE. The life insurance index values
are much higher than other sectors. After the insurance company Pharmaceutical and
chemical index value is higher. The share price index value of Insurance Company is
88162.9288 and the share price index of pharmacy &chemical is 29940.2023.The price index
of Banks is also higher which value is 32987.6439. The sectors with higher index typically
perform well in overall market.
CHAPTER 3 – Problems of CSE
3.1. Problems
The problems of the stock market in Bangladesh are structural, and, actually quite far
reaching than what meets the eye. The unexpected rise and fall in share prices mostly
followed from the general confidence of the investors about political stability,
euphoria of investment in shares, prospect of quick capital gains, a vacuum in respect
of institutional presence in the share market, monopolistic dominance of member
brokers, inefficiency of the SECS to cape with the developments, absence of proper
application of circuit breaker etc. Delivery versus payment mechanism was used as
one of the main vehicles of manipulation. The problems of CSE are given below:
There are big syndicates acting together to artificially influence the prices resulting in
huge profits for them at the expense of the average investors who put in their hard-
earned lifetime savings.
Many of the stocks are overpriced and this is a serious risk factor for the
inexperienced investors. Entry of new companies in the market can help reduce gap
between demand and supply and help bring stability in the market. Immediate entry of
at least two or three large companies could be extremely helpful for a balanced
growth of the market.
Access to high quality and credible corporate information remains a major problem in
the market. While a handful of institutional investors may enjoy certain benefits since
they have an investment unit manned with qualified officers, nothing exists for retail
investors. And, in the absence of independent research houses, retail investors
primarily focus on advice given by their brokers, which often consists of market
rumors. This is not acceptable, and it often leads to enormous losses for small
investors who are vital for a low-income and emerging market like Bangladesh.
It has been observed that the share values of some profitable companies has been
increased fictitiously some items that hampers the smooth operation of Stock market.
Financing procedures and delivery of securities sometimes take an unusual long time
for which the money is blocked from nothing.
Many companies do not focus real position of the company as some audit firms
involve in corruption while preparing financial statements. As a result the
shareholders as well as investors do not have any idea about position of that company.
On the other hand some companies do not hold Annual General Meeting (AGM) and
eventually declare dividends that confused the shareholders about the financial
positions of the company.
Growth of mutual fund in Bangladesh has been slow. Only recently there has been a
rush for new funds. Many banks and financial institutions are in the queue with
proposals for their funds. Mutual fund is often a misunderstood subject in Bangladesh.
Many investors do not understand the difference between mutual fund shares and
other company shares. Mutual fund share is not the share of a company. It is a fund
under a trust. Investment in mutual fund is ideal for investors who do not want to take
risk because the fund is managed professionally and the collective investment is
diversified. Mutual fund share price can also fluctuate heavily and be subject to wild
speculation. As a result the safe investment tool often becomes a risky area.
3.2. Suggestions
3.3. Conclusions
Bangladesh emerged as an independent sovereign country in the year 1971. But till now, the
industrial development of our country is still poor and for rapid industrialization, formation of
capital is the most important element. But it is not easy to procure through capital market
with proper support of stock market. Since the introduction of CSE it contributed to the
development of capital market in Bangladesh. It can be said withcertainty that the
achievements and success gained by CSE can be attributed for its and timely decision. CSE
isnow working to launch derivatives products in the market. With this view and to create
awareness among thebrokers, investors and other market players, CSE conducted a series of
seminar and workshops. I hope that, by introducing more products and services in the stock
market CSE will able to improve its performance much better & compete with other famous
stock exchanges in the sub-continent and at the same time it will help to accelerate economic
development of our beloved country. The capital market of Bangladesh has a huge number of
investors. 2.6 million Investors are engaged in stock business at present. A lot of them are
educated and from middle class family. These investors invest their little savings in the
market. To secure their investment and growth of the country government can take
necessary initiatives. CSE must take into consideration the every single perspective of
individual investors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Website:
http://www.cse.com.bd/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange
https://www.google.com.bd/
Magazine:
Portfolio (July-September16)