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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
2. 1 and 2
3. X is ethane.
Z is butane.
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
1. (a) C3H6
(b)
(b) Isomers of P:
But-1-ene But-2-ene
Isomer of Q:
Butane
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
→
(a) P is ethane.
Q is ethene.
(b) P contains only carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen single bonds, but Q contains a carbon–carbon
double bond.
1. Add aqueous bromine to each of the compounds. Aqueous bromine remains unchanged when
added to saturated fats, but is decolourised when added to polyunsaturated fats.
(a)
Source of fat Saturated fat/% Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated
fat/% fat/%
Butter 63 26 4
Margarine 35 35 5
Olive oil 14 73 11
Peanut oil 17 46 32
Coconut oil 87 6 2
(b) (i) Olive oil
(ii) Coconut oil
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
(a) False. Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon–carbon single
covalent bonds.
(b) False. Butane and butene are not isomers. They have different chemical formulae.
(c) True
(d) False. The reaction of alkanes with bromine is a substitution reaction.
(e) False. The first member of the alkene homologous series is ethene.
(f) True
(g) False. The catalytic cracking of long-chain alkanes produces short-chain alkenes and short-chain
alkanes or hydrogen.
(h) False. Alkenes (but not alkanes) react rapidly with bromine water at room temperature.
(i) False. Polyunsaturated fats contain two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
(j) True
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D
2. (a) They are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
(b) P, Q and R
(c) The melting and boiling points increase as the molecular sizes increase.
(d) Two isomers of Q:
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
5. (a) C3H8
(b) Propane
6. (a) Two
(b)
H H H H H Br Br H
| | | | | | | |
H – C = C – C = C – H + 2Br2 → Br – C – C – C – C – Br
| | | |
H H H H
X Y
(c) The molecular formula of Y is C4H6Br4.
The Mr of Y = (4 × 12) + (6 × 1) + (4 × 80) = 374
4 ! 30
Percentage of bromine in Y = × 100 = 85.6%
374
1. (a) (i) Difference in b.p. of pentane and butane = 36.1 – (–0.5) = 36.6°C
(ii) Difference in b.p. of undecane and dodecane = 216 – 196 = 20°C
(b) This hydrocarbon is not an alkane. Based on answer (a), the average increase in boiling point for
the increase of one carbon atom per molecule
36.6 + 20
= = 28.3°C
2
If Z is an alkane with 6 carbon atoms, its boiling point is expected to be about 28.3°C above the
boiling point of pentane, that is, 64.4°C and not 80.1°C.
(c) (i) The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2.
Hence, the molecular formula of dodecane = C12H(2×12)+2 = C12H26.
(ii) Mr of dodecane = (12 × 12) + (26 × 1) = 170
12 ! 12
Percentage of carbon in dodecane = × 100 = 84.7%
170
2. (a) (i) 1.0 mol of hexene contains one C=C bond, so 1.0 mol of hexene reacts with 1.0 mol of
hydrogen. Thus, the heat of hydrogenation should be the same as that of butene, that is,
–127 kJ.
(ii) 1.0 mol of hexadiene contains two C=C bonds, so 1.0 mol of hexadiene reacts with 2.0 mol
of hydrogen. Thus, the heat of hydrogenation should be 2(–127) kJ = –254 kJ.
(b) (i) Ethene reacts with steam under the conditions 300°C, 60 atm, and in the presence of the
catalyst phosphoric(V) acid (H3PO4). The product is ethanol.
(ii) C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → C2H5OH(l)
volume of gas 0.72
Number of moles of ethene used = = = 0.03 mol
molar volume 24
Number of moles of ethanol formed = 0.03 mol
Mr of ethanol (C2H5OH) = (2 × 12) + (5 × 1) + 16 + 1 = 46
Mass of ethanol = 0.03 × 46 = 1.38 g
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
26
3. (a) (i) Number of mol of Br2 = 1.0 ! = 0.026 mol
1000
(ii) 1.0 mol of the alkene reacts with 1.0 mol of bromine.
∴ Number of mol of alkene reacted = 0.026 mol
mass 1.46
0.026 = =
molar mass molar mass
∴ Molar mass of X = 56.2 g/mol
(b) The general formula of an alkene is CnH2n.
12n + 2n = 56.2
n=4
The molecular formula is C4H8.
(c) Straight-chain alkene:
Branched-chain alkene:
(d) (i)
+ H2 →
Methylpropane
4. (a)
Molecular Boiling
Name Displayed formula
formula point/°C
ethyne C 2H 2 –84
propyne C 3H 4 –23
butyne C 4H 6 8
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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 22
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