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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the study

We, the researchers identified the level of utilization of

the TVL school laboratories in Baguio City National Science

School with the significant differences. Facility is equality of

easily performed according to Merriam Webster Dictionary and has

been proven and determined that laboratory is the most used

facility in a school set up. Akomalafe Adesra (2016) indicated

that physical facilities available tend to have students interest

learning but in contrast, school lack of necessary facilities

results in little academic performance from a student. The main

school facility being mostly utilized in school is laboratory.

Oxford advance learner’s dictionary special price edition (1998)

define laboratory as a room or building used for scientific,

experiments, demonstration, testing and analyzing of data etc.

Facilities had significant influence on pupil’s

academic performance. With this, facilities are very important to

enhance effective teaching and learning Okunola (1985). On the

hand, unavailable in inadequacy of suitable teaching facilities

is blamed for the poor performance among other factors such as

the teacher competency, teaching methodology, and the attitude of

student towards the subject Olufunke (2012). Omiko (2007) defined

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laboratory as a room or building or special equipped and set up

part for practical or experimental studies to take place.

Laboratories are where the students are able to spend time

interacting with samples (e.g. rocks, minerals and fossil) and

conduct activities using maps and geographic information system

because laboratories prepare students for field based experiences

as well as for more advanced science courses Forcino (2013). This

is one the main incompetent essence of laboratory most especially

in the definitions that most studies suggest laboratories as

terms generally applied for science purpose only. In addition,

Ogunniya (1980) claimed that observed that laboratory is an

indispensable to be achieved. The laboratory is termed without

the concerns other types of laboratories mentioning an impact to

students. However, Igne (2003) stated that the use of laboratory

is the most widely acclaimed strategy for laboratory instructions

that develops organizational skills and give self-satisfaction to

students, because according to Forcino (2013), laboratory

sections add tactile and visual learning methods to complement

the auditory component from the lecture. Overall, function of

laboratory can develop interest, good attitude and values Omiko

(2007) causing an increase in student learning outcome as

Hofstein & Luneta (2014) supported the finding of Nolson (2010).

Statement of the problem

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The following questions are to be asked in the research

study:

1.What is the level of utilization of the TVL school laboratories

in Baguio City National Science High School, namely:

a. Home Economic Lab

b. Automotive Lab

c. Computer Lab

2. Is there a significant difference in the utilization of

laboratories in Baguio City National Science High School?

Hypotheses

1. The level of utilization of TVL laboratories namely,

Computer Lab, H.E. Lab and Automotive Lab is Less

Utilized by the students in Baguio City National Science

High School.

2. There is no significant difference in the utilization of

TVL Laboratories in Baguio City National Science High

School.

Significance of the study

The significance of the study aims to portray the effect

of the level of utilization of a school facility to students,

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teachers and administrations. A particular school facility plays

an important role in learning system of student where possible

and additional key learning are made. Teacher’s potentiality of

displaying a certain topic are improving where such students are

apt to absorb in a school facility. The school administration is

concerned to amend a school facility whatever the result of the

study maybe.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on utilization of the different TVL

laboratories in Baguio City National Science High School.

Respondents came from the Home Economics, Automotive and ICT

class students who will use the laboratory for SY 2018-2019

(First Semester).

Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework

Utilization of laboratories can improve a student’s

academic performance. According to Hallak (1990), he identified

that facilities/ laboratories can contribute academic

achievements of a students in a school system. Also, Adedeji

(1998) noted that the facilities need to be adequate and it

should be in good condition. Because this could create a better

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impact within the school concerns especially for the students

learning matters. That’s why Okunola (1985) noted that facilities

are very important to enhance effective teaching and learning.

Paradigm of the study

1.) What is the


level of utilization
of the TVL
Level of Utilization laboratories in
BCNHS?
of Laboratories in
2.) Is there a
Baguio City National
significant
Science High School
difference in the
utilization of
laboratories in
Baguio City National
Science High School?

CHAPTER II

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design

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The researchers will be using the descriptive-comparative

method in the study which aims to describe and compare the degree

of association between two or more variables. The researchers

will identify the level of utilization of a laboratory by the

grade 12-TVL senior high students who have used a particular type

of a laboratory as part of lecture. The laboratory serves as the

application room of a learning students which reflects his

understanding process pertaining to his performance. Then, as a

student level of the utilization of a laboratory identified, the

significant difference of the utilization of each laboratory will

be determined further in the study.

Sampling Method

The sampling method that will be used in the study is the

stratified random sampling, by which certain subgroup or strata

are selected as the sample. The randomly selected samples belong

to the different senior high school strand namely the ICT,

Automotive and H.E in accordance to the utilization of a

specialized laboratory (Auto, HE, & Computer Laboratory).

The locale of the study covers only the grade 12-TVL senior high

students of Baguio City National Science High School under the

mentioned strand. Each strand will be taken at least 80% of the

entire population in one class as a representative of the whole.

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Data Collection Procedure

The researchers will distribute a 17-items survey

questionnaire of a plain close ended questions valid. These

close-ended question are possible links or standardized concept

of a student about a laboratory set-up like the physical

environment, people concern, materials and apparatuses used etc.

that the researchers built. The survey questionnaire has been

checked and validated by three research advisers to be given

credibility and recommendations for its better outcome and

purpose. The survey questionnaire in the paper also presents an

evident instruction providing a space to be marked by the

respondents in base of his/her answer.

Data Analysis

The data will be analyzed to measure the level of

utilization of the three TVL laboratories by the students of

Baguio City National Science High School coming from a related

strand from the computed statistical mean of each laboratory.

Firstly, to measure the level of utilization of each TVL

laboratory, Likert Scale presented will be followed:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limit Equivalent


1 3.35-4 Very High V.H.U.

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Utilization
2 2.50-3.24 High H.U.

utilization
3 1.75-2.49 Moderate M.U.

Utilization
4 1-1.74 Less L.U.

Utilization

As interpretation, the computed statistical means were

labelled according to their correspondent descriptive

equivalence. Statistical mean ranging from 3.25 to 4 implies Very

High Utilization of the laboratory; 2.50 to 3.24 indicates High

Utilization of High utilization of laboratory; 1.75 to 2.49 means

Moderate utilization of laboratory; and 1 to 1.75 is Less in

Utilization of laboratory by the TVL students.

Moreover, to identify the significant difference on the

level of utilization of laboratories, the f-test is used with

0.05 level of significance.

Source of

Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit


Between 4.51041E

Groups 7.73 2 3.86 47.28 -12 3.19


Within

Groups 3.92 48 0.08

Total 11.65 50        

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The table is the result of direct computation, showing that

the critical value which is 3.19 is far lower that the acceptance

value which is 47.28 indicating that the null hypotheses is

rejected and the TVL laboratories in Baguio City National Science

High School is significantly different.

CHAPTER III

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

Results and Discussions

Level of Utilization of Laboratories

This section shows the summary of the gathered data from the

concerned respondents of the study.

Table 1: The level of utilization of laboratories in Baguio City

National Science High School

4 3 2 1 WM DE
1. I spent sufficient hours in the 14 33 15 17 2.56 HU

laboratory.

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2. The laboratory is always 19 6 28 6 1.97 MU

available when needed.


3. I do my task in the laboratory 10 43 17 9 2.68 HU

much faster.
4. I learned more when using 26 35 10 8 3.00 HU

laboratory.
5. My skills are being enhanced in 32 32 9 6 3.14 HU

the laboratory.
6. I feel more active when 20 34 16 9 2.82 HU

utilizing laboratory.
7. The laboratory satisfies my 17 40 14 8 2.84 HU

needs in learning.
8. I always visit the laboratory 16 25 21 17 2.51 HU

for learning.
9. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory are 7 36 21 15 2.44 MU

sufficient for learning.


10. Laboratory is an effective place to 23 42 6 8 3.01 HU

apply learning.
11. I go to laboratory because it helps me to 16 27 19 17 2.53 HU

enhance my confidence.
12. I utilize laboratories 20 35 17 7 2.86 HU

when needed.
13. I utilize the laboratory because I feel 12 29 24 14 2.49 MU

comfortable to do my studies.
14. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory is 11 33 22 13 2.53 HU

flexible to use.
15. I go to the laboratory 7 15 33 24 2.06 MU

alone for a task.


16. I visit the laboratory with my 18 33 22 6 2.80 HU

classmates/friends for a task.


17. The laboratory serves as my 20 33 17 9 2.81 HU

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second classroom.
OWM: 2.65 HU

Table 1 shows that the utilization of laboratories among TVL

students is HIGH denoted by the overall computed mean of 2.65.

Respondents reveal that their skills are being enhanced by means

of using the laboratory. According to Omiko (2007), the functions

of using laboratory can develop interests, good attitude and

values. As a result, other aspects of students as being are

positively affected in the utilization of laboratory that

broadens one’s knowledge in the academics because attitude that

interests a student for learning persist her/him to strive. Due

to this, it is proven that the laboratory is an effective place

for the application of learning since the availability of

physical material resources is of importance to any educational

endeavor (Adedeji & Owoeye, 2002). Therefore, the materials

present in the laboratory is suitable enough for the purpose of

utilization. If the apparatuses are not appropriate to their

field or incomplete for experiment, effect to the student’s

achievement to accomplish a task is lacking. Furthermore,

respondents admit that they learn more when using the laboratory,

because laboratory sections often adds tactile and visual

learning methods for students that complement the auditory

component from the lecture (Forcino, 2013). As to observations,

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students tend to feel tedious in a plain teacher-student set-up

discussion so the importance of laboratories filled with tangible

and sighted learning method persuade a student that drives

him/her active during classes.

Level of Utilization of Laboratories

Table 2: The significant difference of laboratories in Baguio

City National Science High School

Computer Lab Auto Lab Home Econ. Lab


2.18 3.09 2.89

(Moderate (High Utilization) (High Utilization)

Utilization)
Significant Difference

Table 2 shows that the level of utilization of laboratories

is SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT. Hallak (1990) identified facilities

as the main factor contributing to academic achievement in the

school system in a way Adedeji (1998) noted that the facilities

have to be adequate and should be in a good condition for schools

to function properly, and Adewunmi (2000) & Chandan (1999)

believes that availability of adequate physical facilities had

significant influence on pupil’s academic performance. Then

laboratories firstly must be well aligned with student’s field of

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performance and finely developed for mass utilization. It is also

an interpretation for other causes of student’s failure in

academics aside from teacher competency, teacher methodology and

student’s attitude towards the subject that’s why Olufunke (2012)

stated that inadequacy of suitable teaching facilities is blamed

for the poor performance. However, the fact that Baguio City

National Science High School at present (S.Y. 2018-2019) is under

construction for structural development, some resources for a

certain laboratory is affected. Specifically, the electric

corruption which disrupts the function of computers alter the

student’s accomplishment of tasks-related and satisfaction. Yet,

high utilization for other laboratories are gained because

several automobile cars to be repaired by the Automotive students

are prepared meanwhile, complete workable materials for baking

and cooking are handled in order and care by the H.E. students.

This shows that laboratories prepare students for future field-

based experiences (Forcino, 2013) which in reality would they use

specifically for employment purposes. In other conducted studies,

cognitive science education shows that activities in laboratories

increase learning, positive attitudes and permanence of knowledge

(Mba & Uba, 2012). As an implication, learnings that took place

in the laboratory serves more interpreted and understood clearly

as it lasts on student’s mentality and pacify behavior of

students.

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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Findings:

After fully interpreting the data from the results and

discussions, the following served as the findings gained from the

study:

1. The level of utilization of laboratories in Baguio City

National Science High School is generally High in

Utilization.

2. There is a significant difference in the utilization of

laboratories of Baguio City National Science High School.

Conclusions:

From the identified findings of the study, therefore the

following conclusions are subjected as:

1. The TVL students of Baguio City National Science High

School are satisfied in the utilization of laboratories

in terms of apparatus and application of learning.

2. There are certain differences in the mechanism and

characteristics of each laboratory in Baguio City

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National Science High School that affect the student’s

satisfaction of use.

Recommendations:

Based from the findings and conclusions, recommendations

from the researchers are suggested:

1. Maintenance of complete tangible materials for

demonstration and safety comfortable place for

application is needed result to enhanced-skill effect to

both teachers and students.

2. Provide what’s lacking to one laboratory to the soonest

for better application of learning and regular

utilization of laboratory, especially to students, for

productivity will be attained.

Other Recommendations:

Further researchers are apt to continue and learn more about

the study by:

a. Garnering larger scale of respondents.

b. Determine the correlation of utilization of laboratories

to student’s academic performance.

c. Include in the study of all the present laboratories in

the school.

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BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Adedej, T. (1998). In Abiodun-Oyebanji,O.A(2008). Resource


Situation and Academic staff job performance in southwest.
Nigeria University. Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis University of
Ado-Ekiti
Adewunmi, T.B. (2000) The Influence of physical resources on
pupils Academic Performance in Logos
state Primary School Unpublished M.Ed
Dissertion,University of Benim

Cowan, N. (1998) Visual and auditory working memory capacity


trends in cognitive science 2:77-78

Forcino, F.L (2013) The Importance of a laboratory section on


student learning outcomes in University
Introductory earth science course. Journal of
Geoscience education 61:213(2013)

Igwe, I.O (2003) Principles of science and science teaching in


Nigeria. Emugo: Jones Communication
publishers

Hallak, J. (1990) Investing in the future setting educational


priorities in developing world. Paris IIEP and
Pergamon press.

Hofstein, A. and Luneta, V.N (2004) The laboratory in science


education; foundation for the twenty-first
century. Science Education, 88:28-54

Nwanko, J.I. (1982) Educational Administration: Theory and


Practice new Delhi; Vikas Publishing House
Pvt.Ltd.

Okunula, P.O (1985) Resource Utilization and Projection in


secondary education in Oyo state in Nigeria

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An unpublished Ph.D. Thesis University of
Ibadan

Olufunke, B.T (2012) Effective of availability and utilization of


physics Laboratory equipment on
student academic achievements in senior
secondary school physics, Institute of education,
Obufemi Awolowolo University, IIe IFE Nigeria

Omiko, A. (2007) Job Orientation and placement: The role of


science Education in a developing
Economy Abakaliki; Larry and Caleb publishing
house

Ufondu, N.U (2009) The role of the laboratory on the Academic


Achievement of students in Biology
in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi state.
Unpublished B.s Ed Thesis. Abakaliki, Ebonyi
state University

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APPENDIXES
Appendix A: Letter to the Respondents

Republic of the Philippines


Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Division of Baguio City
Baguio City National Science High School
Purok 12, Irisan, Baguio City

Dear respondents,

We are a group of researcher from Baguio City National


Science High School currently taking Practical Research 2 and are
working on a research entitled “The Level of Utilization
Laboratories in Baguio City National Science High School”.
In connection to this, we humbly ask for consent anf full
participation by answering the attached survey questionare
honestly so we may be able to obtain the proper information. We
assure you that data to be collected will remain confidential and
will be used for our study.
Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,
Peneranda, Patrick E.
Batayan, Arlene L
Macaltao, Joveah P.

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Paggi, Mitzi Ann D.
Banitog, Shanaya Mae Khate S.

Mrs. Rufina Cadsi & Mr. Edgar Soriano


Research Teachers

Appendix B: Validation Form

Evaluation Sheet for Content Validity

Name (Optional):
Designation:
Station/Department:
Directions: Please validate the attached research instrument by
selecting (putting a check mark) the best possible answer of the
items of the questionnaire.
Item Very Quite Somewhat Not
s Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali
d d d d
(4) (3) (2) (1)
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2
3
4
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Appendix B: Validation Form

Evaluation Sheet for Content Validity

Name (Optional):
Designation:
Station/Department:
Directions: Please validate the attached research instrument by
selecting (putting a check mark) the best possible answer of the
items of the questionnaire.

Item Very Quite Somewhat Not


s Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali Relevant/Vali
d d d d
(4) (3) (1) (1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Appendix B: Validation Form

Evaluation Sheet for Content Validity


Name (Optional):
Designation:
Station/Department:
Directions: Please validate the attached research instrument by
selecting (putting a check mark) the best possible answer of the
items of the questionnaire.
Items Very Not
Relevant/Valid Relevant/Valid
(4) (2)

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1
2
3
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Appendix C: Survey Questionnaire

Strand:

Instruction: The following statements aim to determine the level


of utilization of laboratories in the school as perceived by
students. Please check the number appropriate to your perception
using scale below:
4- Strongly Agree 2- Dis agree
3- Agree 1- Strongly Dis agree
1. I spent sufficient hours in the laboratory. 4 3 2 1
2. The laboratory is always available when needed.
3. I do my task in the laboratory much faster.
4. I learned more when using laboratory.
5. My skills are being enhanced in the laboratory.

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6. I feel more active when utilizing laboratory.
7. The laboratory satisfies my needs in learning
8. I always visit the laboratory for learning.
9. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory are
sufficient for learning.
10. Laboratory is an effective place to apply
learning.
11. I go to laboratory because it helps me to
enhance my confidence.
12. I utilize laboratories when needed.
13. I utilize the laboratory because I feel
comfortable to do my studies.
14. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory is
flexible to use.
15. I go to the laboratory alone for a task.
16. I visit the laboratory with my
classmates/friends for a task.
17. The laboratory serves as my second classroom.
Appendix D: Raw Data

Automotive 12

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4 3 2 1 Mean D.E.
1. I spent suffiecient hours in the laboratory. 9 15 1 3 3.11 HU
2. The laboratory is always available when needed. 9 11 6 2 3.18 HU
3. I do my task in the laboratory much faster. 5 15 7 1 3.11 HU
4. I learned more when using laboratory. 10 11 5 2 3.21 HU
5. My skills are being enhanced in the laboratory. 16 8 3 1 3.50 VHU
6. I feel more active when utilizing laboratory. 9 11 7 1 3.25 VHU
7. The laboratory satisfies my needs in learning.
learning 9 12 6 1 3.25 VHU
8. I always visit the laboratory for learning. 8 10 7 3 3.07 HU
9. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory are sufficient for learning. 3 11 8 6 2.68 HU
10. Laboratory is an effective place to apply learning. 11 15 1 1 3.32 VHU
11. I go to laboratory because it helps me to enhance my confidence. 8 8 7 5 2.93 HU
12. I utilize laboratories when needed. 9 12 6 1 3.25 VHU
13. I utilize the laboratory because I feel comfortable to do my studies. 4 11 8 5 2.79 HU
14. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory is flexible to use. 4 12 9 3 2.93 HU
15. I go to the laboratory alone for a task. 4 6 12 6 2.71 HU
16. I visit the laboratory with my classmates/friends for a task. 7 14 6 1 3.18 HU
17. The laboratorty serves as my second classroom. 9 10 5 4 3.04 HU
OVM: 3.09 HU

I.C.T. 12

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4 3 2 1 Mean D.E.
1. I spent suffiecient hours in the laboratory. 0 1 11 9 1.62 LU
2. The laboratory is always available when needed. 0 7 10 4 2.14 MU
3. I do my task in the laboratory much faster. 0 11 6 4 2.33 HU
4. I learned more when using laboratory. 3 11 1 6 2.52 HU
5. My skills are being enhanced in the laboratory. 2 13 3 3 2.67 HU
6. I feel more active when utilizing laboratory. 4 11 2 4 2.71 HU
7. The laboratory satisfies my needs in learning.
learning 3 8 5 5 2.43 MU
8. I always visit the laboratory for learning. 0 2 9 10 1.62 MU
9. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory are sufficient for learning. 0 7 8 6 2.05 MU
10. Laboratory is an effective place to apply learning. 1 10 5 5 2.33 MU
11. I go to laboratory because it helps me to enhance my confidence. 0 7 5 9 1.90 MU
12. I utilize laboratories when needed. 3 8 7 3 2.52 HU
13. I utilize the laboratory because I feel comfortable to do my studies. 1 5 9 6 2.05 MU
14. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory is flexible to use. 1 7 5 8 2.05 MU
15. I go to the laboratory alone for a task. 0 1 8 12 1.48 LU
16. I visit the laboratory with my classmates/friends for a task. 3 5 10 3 2.38 MU
17. The laboratorty serves as my second classroom. 2 7 7 5 2.29 MU
OVM: 2.18 MU

H.E. 12

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4 3 2 1 Mean D.E.
1. I spent suffiecient hours in the laboratory. 5 17 3 5 2.73 HU
2. The laboratory is always available when needed. 10 8 12 0 2.93 HU
3. I do my task in the laboratory much faster. 5 17 4 4 2.77 HU
4. I learned more when using laboratory. 13 13 4 0 3.30 VHU
5. My skills are being enhanced in the laboratory. 14 11 3 2 3.23 HU
6. I feel more active when utilizing laboratory. 7 12 7 4 2.73 HU
7. The laboratory satisfies my needs in learning.
learning 5 20 3 2 2.93 HU
8. I always visit the laboratory for learning. 8 13 5 4 2.83 HU
9. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory are sufficient for learning. 4 18 5 3 2.77 HU
10. Laboratory is an effective place to apply learning. 11 17 0 2 3.23 HU
11. I go to laboratory because it helps me to enhance my confidence. 8 12 7 3 2.83 HU
12. I utilize laboratories when needed. 8 15 4 3 2.93 HU
13. I utilize the laboratory because I feel comfortable to do my studies. 7 13 7 3 2.80 HU
14. The materials/apparatus in the laboratory is flexible to use. 6 14 8 2 2.80 HU
15. I go to the laboratory alone for a task. 3 8 13 6 2.27 MU
16. I visit the laboratory with my classmates/friends for a task. 8 14 6 2 2.93 HU
17. The laboratorty serves as my second classroom. 9 16 5 0 3.13 HU
OVM: 2.89 HU

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