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AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
1 Gadade Dipak D.
Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy,
Aurangabad
 Charka Dhanwantari

INTRODUCTION

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 Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge)
 Upaveda of Atharveda
 Ayurveda deals with

-herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of body

and principles of tretment of diseases
 Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda
edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka
(Physician of Kanishka)
 Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple of Sage
Atreya)
 Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father of
surgical medicine)
 Nagarjuna- App. Of chemistry, metallurgy &
alchemy to medicine (Philosopher, Physician and
alchemist)
 He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-kachhaputa and
Yoga Sataka
Sushruta Nagarjuna 2
THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS

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 Ayurveda is based on three fundamental
principles

Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta

Tridosha theory

Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta

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PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA

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 Every substance is combination of
panchamahabuta
 Each of it have own chr’ features, properties
& means of identification
 Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state
 Disturbed balance of P.M.-Illness
Prithvi- Shape and form of body
Apa- Moisture , Liquidity & lubrication
Tej- Agni & Fire- Heat & energy
Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling respiration
Akash- Vacuoles and pores responsible for
transportation of nutritional elements 4
TRIDOSHA THEORY

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 Dosha means impurities
 Imbalance of doshas cause diseased state
Vata- Vayu & Akash- Chr’: lightness & mobility
balanced vata bring about by respiration and
imbalace is bring by cold weather & vata quality
diet
Pitta- Agni & Fire- Chr’: hot,bright & acidic
balanced pitta helps in digestion & energy
production and inbalance is caused by hot, spicy
food & in summer
Kapha- Prithvi & Apa- Chr’: Watery & heavy
balanced kapha affords lubrication of joints &
stability of body while imbalance is by weeather,
spring, heavy metal & too much rest
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RASA-GUNA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PRABHAVA
SIDDHANTA

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• Important pharmacological principle of
dravya or drug
• These principles cover all chr’s of drug
Rasa- Therapeutically active agent
Guna- Quality
Virya- Active principle by which potency is
characterized
Vipaka- End product of digestion
Prabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of
drug
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OTHER CONCEPTS

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 Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta

Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda,

Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja

Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine),

Sweda (Sweat)

• Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja

(Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness)
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PANCHKARMA

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• Procedures adopted for cleansing of
body and mind accumulated waste
Snehan- Smoothing of body with
massage with antivatic sesame oil
Swedan- Steaming of body for removal
of sweda and for lightning
Vaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with
large quantities of qwath
Virechan- Expulsion of sputum with of
Rechak Dravya
Basti- Cleansing of urino genital system
with medicated 8
enemas.
TREATMENT
Treatment of the disease consists in

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avoiding causative factors responsible for disequilibrium of the

body matrix through the use of Panchkarma procedures,

medicines, suitable diet, activity and regimen for restoring the

balance and strengthening the body mechanisms to prevent or

minimize future occurrence of the disease.

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TREATMENT

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Types of Treatment : The treatment of disease

can broadly be classified as

Shodhana therapy (Purification Treatment

with panchkarma)

Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment for

reconstituion of humor-doshas)

Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet and

activity- do’s and don’ts of diet ) 10

TREATMENT

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Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease

causing and aggravating factors)

Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)

Rasayana therapy (use of

immunomodulators and rejuvenation

medicines)

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BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN
AYURVEDA

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Sr. No. Types of Chikitsa Treatment

1 Kayachikitsa General Medicine

2 Shalakyatantra Opthalmology
3 Shalyatantra Surgery
4 Agada Tantra Toxicology
5 Rasayana Chikitsa Geriatrics
6 Vajeekaran Diseases of genital organs
7 Kumaryabhyatrya Pediatrics
tantra
8 Bhutvidya Psychitrics
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AYURVEDA AND DIET

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An individual’s mental and spiritual
development as well as his temperament is
influenced by the quality of food consumed
by him.
Food in human body is transformed first
into chyle or Rasa and then successive
processes involve its conversion into blood,
muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow,
reproductive elements and ojas.
Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic
transformations and life activities. Lack of
nutrients in food or improper
transformation of food lead to a variety of
disease conditions. 13
TYPES OF DRUG FORMULATION

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Powders Liquids Semisolids Solids

Churna Taila Kalka Vatika

Bhasma Asava Ghrita Gutika

Satva Arishta Malham Vati

Kshar Arka Avleha

Mandur Kwath Rasayoga

Parpati Hima

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 IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR
USES
Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of Uses
formulation
1 Arjunaristha Arishtha Heart Diseases
2 Khadirarishtha Arishtha Skin Diseases
3 Kumaryasava Asava Liver Tonic
4 Triphala churna Churna General tonic,
Stomachic
5 Sitophaladi churna Churna Cough, Asthama

6 Parad bhasma Bhasma Antidiarrhoeal

7 Yasad bhasam Bhasma In eye diseases
8 Shatavari ghruta Ghruta Piles
9 Amrutprabha Vati Vati Indigestion

10 Medohar Vati Vati Hypolididemic 15

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IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR
USES

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Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of Uses
formulation
11 Dhananjaya Vati Vati In Cough
12 Chirayata Arka Arka Antipyretic
13 Kasturi Gutika Gutika Aphrodisiac
14 Sarpagandha Yog Heart diseases
Churnayog
15 Vidangasava Asava Antimicrobial
16 Adulasa Kshar Kshar Expectorant
17 Shankhapushpi Sharbat Memory tonic
Sharbat
18 Dashmukha Qwath Qwath Ailments of Kapha &
Vata
19 Balant Kadha Kadha 16
For pregnant womens
after pregnancy
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS…

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Arishtha:
• Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors prepared
by fementation
• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or
jaggery
• plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut
into pieces and Decoction is prepared
• Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction
of drug
• Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to
10 days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days
in cold conditions.
• eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha 17
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS

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Asava
• Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by fementation
• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or jaggery
• plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut into pieces
and infusion is prepared
• Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of drug
• Fermentation is carried out for about 6 months
• generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic &
astringent, etc.
• Eg. Kumariasava,

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS…

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Vatika:
• Decoction of crude drug is prepared and
converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy
• It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw
sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass
• Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are
prepared from it to form vatika

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS…

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Churna:
• Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or
vegetable substances prepared in morter-
pestle
• Powdered mixture then passed through cloth,
linen or fine sieve.
• Equal quantity of jaggery or double the
quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered
mixture.
• It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine.
• Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna 20
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS…

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Tailas:
• Medicated oils are prepared by boiling
drugs in water, milk, or other liquids
• Water is completely removed from
preparation
• Tailas are generally used for external
local application some are also used
internally
• Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) ,
Til Taila (Sesame Oil)
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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR.
DOSAGE FORMS…

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Ghrita
• These are medicated ghees or clarified butter
• Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove
water
• Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it.
• Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or
decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot,
copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of
water.
• It is strained through cloth and preserved for
use.
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• Used internally.
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Sushruta performing Surgery
4,000 years ago. Published by
MNC Park Davies Drug
company
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