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Required Equipments:
Figure 8-1 shows an inverter circuit. It converts DC power to AC power. Voltage type inverter
generates AC power and changes phase of current depending on load power factor. Therefore, it is
suggested to use either strong DC power supply should be located in input side or internal impedance
is 0.
S1, S2 turn on-off at the same time. And then after half cycle S3, S4 turn on-off at the same time. And
there must not exist a case where both S1 and S4, S2 and S3 are on at the same time. Therefore, signal
applied to IGBT gate is carefully designed.
Figure 8-2 shows the output waveform by each lGBTs operating. lf Sl, S2 are on, the current flows
from a to b, and S3, S4 are on, the current flows in the opposite direction. For R-L load the output
changes. Figure 8-3 shows a basic comparison of R load and R-L load. Figure 8-4 shows the output
for R-L load.
Figure 8-2: Change of output voltage with respect to phase angle
Consider operation of inverter that has R-L load, transistor changes state from on to off. The current
increases gradually. This phase is called commutation. The effect of inductance and commutation is
explained in Figure 8-3 and 8-4.
Figure 8-3: R-L load Overview
Gate circuit is shown in Figure 8-6 and Figure 8-7 shows waveform of gate circuit.
Working Procedure:
1. Measurement of Sig-In Terminal Voltage: Connect the circuit as shown and record the
waveform by adjusting the Freq-Select Switch. Then, set the frequency as 60 Hz, record the
waveform and compare the present waveform with waveform (a) in Figure 8-7.
Figure 8-8: Measurement of Sig-In terminal voltage of Square Wave Voltage Inverter
2. Measurement of V-Ref terminal: Connect the probe of oscilloscope like figure shown below.
And then measure the waveform with adjusting the Volt-Variable knob. Also set the knob at
50% point and record waveform and compare with (c) in Figure 8-7.
Figure 8-9: Measurement of V-Ref terminal voltage of Square Wave Voltage Inverter
3. Measurement of Freq terminal: Connect the probe of oscilloscope like the figure shown
below. And afterwards measure the waveform, record it. Also set the Phase variable knob at
70% point and record the waveform.
Figure 8-10: Measurement of Freq. terminal voltage of Square Wave Voltage Inverter
4. Measurement of Input Power: Connect the circuit as shown and record the waveform.
5. Measurement of IGBT Gate terminal: Connect the circuit as shown and record the
waveform at G1. Also record the waveform of G2, G3 and G4. Compare with steps 3.
Figure 8-12: Measurement of IGBT gate terminal of G1 of Square Wave Voltage Inverter
6. Measurement of Load R: Connect the circuit as shown below and record the waveform by
adjusting Freq-Select switch and Freq-Variable knob. Set the reference frequency at 60 Hz and
Freq Variable knob at 60%
Figure 8-13: Measurement of Load R waveform for Square Wave Voltage Inverter.
7. Measurement of Load R-L: Connect the circuit as shown below and record the waveform by
adjusting Freq-Select switch and Freq-Variable knob. Set the reference frequency at 60 Hz and
Freq Variable knob at 50%
Figure 8-14: Measurement of Load R-L waveform for Square Wave Voltage Inverter
Measured Results:
Observe, measure and record the waveform of the input voltage, gate voltage and the output voltage
from steps 1-6 in working procedure. Plot them neatly in your graph paper.
Home Works:
1. Explain why the output wave shapes are different from each other in the steps 6 and 7.
2. Comment on how you can improve this topology.
3. Why are diodes used in anti-parallel to IGBTs in this circuit?