Mass Balance Problems PDF

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE, KSK CAMPUS
MASS BALANCE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 1:
SOLUTION:
Methyl isocyanate, MIC Plume

VAPORIZER
Assumption: Area of plume is rectangular.
Methyl Isocyanate, MIC = 100 lb
Plume = 30 ft × 200 ft& 1 mile long
STOICHIOMETRY-II
1
Ambient Concentration = 47 mg/m3
As 100 lb= 45359237 mgs
1 mile = 5280 ft
So, Area = 30×200×5280
Area = 31680000 ft3 = 896544 m3
So, Concentration = 45359237/896544
Concentration = 50.59 mg/m3
It is greater than ambient concentration.
PROBLEM 2:
SOLUTION:
Product, P=?
Feed, F=1 ton DRYER
Water, W=0.70 Water,W=0.25
Solids, S=0.30 Solids,S=0.75
1.00 1.00
Water,W=?
BASIS: 1 ton of sludge
STOICHIOMETRY-II
2
MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
 Water Balance
0.7 × F = 0.25 × P + W × 1.00 (2)
By eq. 1 &eq.2
P=F–W
(0.7) F = (0.25) P + (1.00) W
(0.7) (1) = (0.25) (F – W) + (1.00) W
0.7 = (0.25)(1-W) + 1W
0.7 = 0.25-0.25W+1W
0.45 = 0.75 W
W= 0.6 ton = 1200 lb
F = 2000 lb
P = 800 lb
PROBLEM 3:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
3
SOLUTION:
Dilute acid,
D=100Kg
Product,P=?
H2SO4=0.28 H2SO4=0.50
H2O= 0.72 H2O=0.50
1.00 1.00
H2SO4=0.96
H2O=0.04
1.00
Conc. Acid,C=?
BASIS:100 Kg of dilute acid

MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
 H2SO4 Balance:
(0.28)D + (0.96) C = (0.50) P
(0.28)(1) + (0.96) C = (0.50) P (2)
Put eq. 1 in eq. 2
0.28 + 0.96 C = 0.50 (D + C)
0.28 + 0.96 C = 0.50 × 1 + 0.50 C
0.28 + 0.46 C = 0.50
C = (0.47) (100) = 47.82 Kg
P = 100 + 47.82 = 147.82 Kg
STOICHIOMETRY-II
4
PROBLEM 4:
SOLUTION:
Feed, F=? Product, P=1000lb

LACQUER PLANT
Nitrocellulose,N=0.055 Nitrocellulose, N=0.08
H2O,W= 0.945 H2O= 0.92
1.00 1.00
Dry Nitrocellulose,D= ?
BASIS:1000 lb of 8% nitrocellulose solution

MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Nitrocellulose Balance:
(0.055) F + 1 D = (0.08) P
Water Balance:
(0.945) F = (0.02) P
(0.945) F = (0.02) (1000)
F = 973.5lb
STOICHIOMETRY-II
5
From eq. 1
973.5 + D = 1000
D = 26.5lb
PROBLEM 5:
SOLUTION:
No 100% conversion
Waste Product,
Feed, F=6.22Kgmol
W(Kgmol)=?
REACTOR
XH2=0.580 XHCl =?
XSiHCl3 = 0.420 XH2=0.223
1.00 XSiHCl3=?
Product, P(Kgmol)= ?
Si = 1.00
BASIS: 6.22 Kgmol/hr of feed entering the reactor

Initial mass of Si = 1460 g of Si = 1.46 Kg of Si
STOICHIOMETRY-II
6
nH2= F H2= (6.22) (0.580) = 3.61 moles
nSiHCl = F
3 SiHCl3 = (6.22) (0.420) = 2.61 moles
nHCl= W HCl
BASIS:6.22 Kgmol/hr of feed entering the reactor

MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
Atomic Balance:
Hydrogen Balance:
F (0.580) 2 + F (0.420) 1 = W (0.223) 2 + W ( HCl) 1+W( SiHCl3) 1
(6.22) (0.580) 2 + (6.22) (0.420) 1 = nHCl.1 + nSiHCl3+ (2) nH2
9.8276 = nHCl+nSiHCl3 + (2) nH2(2)
Chlorine Balance:
F (0.420) 3 = W ( HCl) 1+W( SiHCl3) 3
(6.22) (0.420) 3 = nHCl.1 + nSiHCl3(3)
7.8372 = nHCl+ nSiHCl3(3) (3)
Silicon Balance:
(6.22) (0.420) 1 = W ( HCl) 1 + P (1.00) 1
2.6124 = P + nSiHCl3(4)
W = nHCl+ nSiHCl3 + nH2
nHCl+ nSiHCl = W - nH2(5)

3
Put eq.5 into eq.2
9.8276 = W - nH2+ 2 (nH2) = W + nH2(6)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
7
nH2= W H2= W (0.223)
W= (7)
Put eq.7 into eq.6
9.8276 = + nH2
2.192 = nH2+ 0.223 nH2
nH2 = 1.79 moles
Put this value in eq.7
W= = 8.03Kgmol
Now solving eq. 2 & eq.3
nHCl+ nSiHCl 3 + (2) 1.79= 9.8276
nHCl+ nSiHCl (3) = 7.8372

3
-2 nSiHCl + 3.58 = 1.9904

3
nSiHCl 3 = 0.79 moles
From eq.4
P = 2.6124 – 0.79
P = 1.82 Kg moles/hr
1.82 Kg moles 1 hr 20 min 28 Kg Si
hr 60 min 1 Kg mol Si
P = 16.9 Kg Si
Total mass of Si = 16.9 + 1.46 = 18.4 Kg
STOICHIOMETRY-II
8
PROBLEM 6:
SOLUTION:
Water,W=?
Product, P=?
Feed, F=1 Kg DRYER
H2O= 0.201 H2O= 0.086
Wet Timber, T=0.799 Wet Timber, T=0.914
1.00 1.00
BASIS: 1 Kg of timber
MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Wet Timber Balance:
(0.799) F = (0.914) P
P = 0.87 Kg
Water Balance:
(0.201) F =1W + (0.086) P
(0.201) (1) =1W + (0.086) (0.87)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
9
W = 0.131 Kg of water removed per Kg of timber
Hence, a unique solution is possible.
PROBLEM 7:
In the manufacture of vinyl acetate, some unreacted acetic acid and other compounds are
discharged to the sewer. Your company has been cited as discharging more than the
specified limit of several pollutants. It is not possible to measure the discharge directly
because no flow measuring device are in place, but you can take samples of liquid at
different places in the sewer line, and measure the concentration of potassium chloride. At
one manhole, the concentration is 0.105%. You introduced a solution of 400 g of KCl in 1L
at a steady rate of 1L per minute over ½ hr at a manhole 500 ft downstream, and at 200 ft
downstream measure the average steady state concentration of KCl as 0.281%. What is the
flow rate of fluid in the sewer in kg/min?
SOLUTION:
A=1Kg/min
K=0.400
Fluid=0.600
1.00
Product, P=?
Feed, F=?
K = 0.00281
K= 0.00105 Fluid= 0.99719
Fluid= 0.9989 1.00
1.00
BASIS: 1 Kg/min
MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
10
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
K Balance:
F (0.00105) + A (0.400) = P (0.00281)
F (0.00105) + (1) (0.400) = P (0.00281) (2)
Fluid Balance:
F (0.9989) + (1) (0.600) = P (0.99719) (3)
From eq.2
( )
P=
Put in eq.1
( )
F+1=
F (0.00281) + 0.00281 = F (0.00105) + 0.400
F (1.76 × 10-3) = 0.39719
F = 225.676 Kg/min
PROBLEM 8:
Ammonia is a gas for which reliable analytical methods are available to determine its
concentrations in other gases. To measure the flow in a natural gas pipeline, pure ammonia
gas is injected into the pipeline at a constant rate of 72.3 kg/min for 12 min. Five miles
downstream from the injection point; the steady state ammonia concentration is found to
be 0.382 weight percent. The gas upstream from the point of ammonia injection contains no
measureable ammonia. How many kilograms of natural gas are flowing through the
pipeline per hour?
STOICHIOMETRY-II
11
SOLUTION:
T=72.3 Kg/min
NG=0
NH3=1
Product, P=?
Feed, F=? DRYER
Natural Gas, NG= 1.00 NG= 0.618
Ammonia, NH3=0 NH3= 0.382
1.00
BASIS: 72.3 Kg/min

MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
NG Balance:
F (1) + T (0) = (0.618) P
F = (0.618) P (2)
Ammonia Balance:
F (0) + T (1) =(0.382) P
T = P (0.382)
72.3 = P (0.382)
P = 189.267 Kg/min = 11356.2 Kg/hr
STOICHIOMETRY-II
12
PROBLEM 9:
Water pollution in the Hudson River has claimed considerable recent attention, especially
pollution from sewage outlets and industrial wastes. To determine accurately how much
effluent enters the river is quite difficult because to catch and weigh the material is
impossible, weirs are hard to construct, and so on. One suggestion that has been offered is
to add a tracer of Br ions to a given sewage stream, let it mix well, and sample of sewage
stream after it mixes. On one test of the proposal you add ten pounds of NaBr per hour for
24 hours to a sewage stream with essentially no Br in it. Somewhat downstream of the
introduction point a sampling of the sewage stream shows 0.012% NaBr. The sewage
density is 60.3 lb/ft3 and river water density if 62.4 lb/ft3. What is the flow rate of the
sewage in lb/min?
SOLUTION:
NaBr=1.00
NaBr=10 lb/hr
Sewage=0.00
Product, P=?
Sewage=60.3 lb/ft3 Feed, F=?
NaBr= 0.00012
Br= 0.00
S= 0.99988
Sewage, S=1.00
1.00
BASIS:10 lb/hr
MATERIAL BALANCE:
Overall Balance:
(1)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
13
COMPONENT BALANCE:
S (1) + T (0) = P (0.99988)
S (0) + T (10) = P (0.00012)
P = 10/0.00012
P = 83333 lb/hr = 1388.9 lb/min
PROBLEM 10:
Acetone is used in the manufacture of many chemicals & as a solvent. Many restrictions
are placed on the release of acetone vapors to the environment. You are asked to design an
acetone recovery system having flow sheet illustrated in figure. All the concentrations
shown in figure of both gases & liquid are specified in weight %.Calculate A, F, W, B & D
per hour?
Water=100% Air
W (Kg) Air= 0.995
c A (Kg) Water=0.005
1.00 Distillate
b D (Kg)
Condenser Acetone=0.99
a Water= 0.01
1.00
Absorber Column
Distillation
Entering Gas=1400 Kg/hr Column
Air= 0.95
F (Kg)
Water= 0.02
Acetone=0.03 G (Kg)
Acetone=0.19
1.00 B(Kg)
Water=0.81
1.00 Acetone=0.04
Water= 0.96
1.00
STOICHIOMETRY-II
14
SOLUTION:
BASIS: 1400 Kg/hr
MATERIAL BALANCE ON BOUNDARY (a)
Overall Balance:
(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Air Balance:
(0.95) G = (0.995) A
(0.95) (1400) = (0.995) A
A = 1336.68 Kg/hr
Water Balance:
(0.02) G + 1 W = (0.005) A + (0.81) F
(0.02) (1400) + 1 W = (0.005) (1336.68) + (0.81) (221.05)
W = 157.69 Kg/hr
Acetone Balance:
(0.03) G = (0.19) F
(0.03) (1400) = (0.19) F
F = 221.05 Kg/hr
MATERIAL BALANCE ON BOUNDARY (b)
Overall Balance:
(2)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Water Balance:
(0.81) F = (0.96) B + (0.01) D
STOICHIOMETRY-II
15
(0.81) (221) = (0.96) B + (0.01) D
179.01 = (0.96) B + (0.01) D (3)
Acetone Balance:
(0.19) F = (0.04) B + (0.99) D
(0.19) (221) = (0.04) B + (0.99) D
41.99 = (0.04) B + (0.99) D (4)
From eq. 3
B= (5)
Put this in eq. 4
41.99 = (0.04) ( ) + (0.99) D
41.99 = + (0.99) D
40.31 = + 0.9504 D
40.31 = 0.95 D
D = 34.89 Kg/hr
From eq. 5
B=
B = 186.095 Kg/hr
PROBLEM 11:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
16
SOLUTION:
Q4 = 40 Kg/hr Q5 = 30 Kg/hr
d
A=0.9 A=0.6
B= 0.1 B=0.4
1.00 1.00
a c
Feed, F=100 Kg/hr b 3 Q3
Unit 1 1 2 Unit 2
A=0.5 X3A
B=0.5 1-X3B
1.00
Q1 Q2
X1A X2A
1-X1B 1-X2B
Q=30 Kg/hr
A=0.30
B=0.70
1.00
BASIS: 100 Kg/hr

MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS OVERALL BOUNDARY
Overall Balance:
F + Q = Q3 + Q4 + Q5
100 + 30 = Q3 + 40 + 30
Q3 = 60 Kg/hr
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Balance For A:
(0.5) F + (0.30) Q = (0.6) (30) + (0.9) (40) + (x3A) Q3
(0.5) (100) + (0.30)(30)= (0.6) (30) + (0.9) (40) + (x3A) Q3
x3A = 0.083 Kg/hr
(1- x3)B = 1-0.083 = 0.917 Kg/hr
Overall Balance:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
17
F = Q4 + Q1
100 = 40 + Q1
Q1 = 60 Kg/hr
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Balance For A:
(0.5) F = (0.9) Q4 + (x1A) Q1
(0.5) (100) = (0.9) (40) + (x1A) (60)
x1A = 0.23 Kg/hr
(1- x1)B = 1-0.23 = 0.77 Kg/hr
Q1 + Q= Q2
Q2 = 90 Kg/hr
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Balance For A:
(0.23) (60) + (0.30) (30) = (x2A) (90)
x2A = 0.25 Kg/hr
(1- x2)B = 0.75 Kg/hr
PROBLEM 12:
A liquid mixture containing 30 mole% benzene, 25% toluene & 45% xylene is fed at rate of
1275 Kmol/hr to a distillation unit consisting of two columns. The bottom product of first
column is to contain 99 mole% xylene & no benzene. And 98% of xylene in feed is to be
removed in this stream. The overhead product from the first column is fed into the second
column.The overhead product from the second column contains 99% benzene & no xylene.
The benzene recovered in this stream represents 96% of benzene in feed. Calculate molar
flow rates & component mole fraction in each stream.
STOICHIOMETRY-II
18
SOLUTION:
a b c
F=1275Kmol/hr O1 =? O2=?
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
B=0.30 B=? B=0.99
T=0.25 T=? T=0.1
X=0.45 X=? X=0.0
1.00 1.00
B=0.0 B=?
T=0.1 T=?
X=0.99 X=?
1.00
P1=? P2 =?
BASIS: 1275 Kmol/hr

Moles of xylene in feed = 0.45 × 1275 = 573.75 Kmoles/hr
98% of xylene = 573.75 × 98/100 = 562.275 Kmoles/hr
By Statement:
562.275 = P1(0.99)
P1 = 567.95Kmoles/hr
Moles of benzene in feed = 0.3 × 1275 = 382.5 Kmoles/hr
96% of benzene = 382.5 × 0.96 = 367.2 Kmoles/hr
By Statement:
367.2 = O2× 0.99
O2 = 370.91 Kmoles/hr
Overall Balance:
F = P1+ P2 + O2
1275 = 567.94 + P2+ 370.91
STOICHIOMETRY-II
19
P2 = 336.151 Kmoles/hr
Overall Balance:
F = P1+ O1
1275 = O1 + 567.95
O1 = 707.05 Kmoles/hr
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Benzene Balance:
0.30 × F = 0 × P1 + O1 × BO1
0.30 × 1275 = 707.05 × BO1
BO1 = 0.54
Xylene Balance:
0.45 × 1275 = 0.99 × 567.95 + 707.05 × XO1
XO1= 11.479/707.05
XO1 = 0.016
Hence, TO1= 1- 0.54 – 0.016
TO1 = 0.44
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Benzene Balance:
BO1 × O1= BO2× O2 + P2× BP2
0.54 ×707.06 = 370.91× 0.99 + 336.151 × BP2
BP2 = 0.043
Toluene Balance:
TO1 × O1= TO2× O2 + P2× TP2
STOICHIOMETRY-II
20
0.44 ×707.06 = 370.91× 0.1 + 336.151 × TP2
TP2 = 0.82
Hence, XP2= 1- 0.82-0.043
XP2 = 0.137
PROBLEM 13:
Sea water is to be desalinized by reverse osmosis using the scheme indicated in fig. Use the
data given in the figure to determine
(a) The rate of waste brine removal (B)
(b) The rate of desalinized water (called potable water) production (D)
(c) The fraction of the brine leaving the reverse osmosis cell that is recycled.
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
21
b Recycle, R=?
Feed, F=100lb/hr Brine, B=?

REVERSE OSMOSIS CELL
Salt, S1=2.1% F1 P1 S2=5.25%
Water,W=97.9% Salt=4% Salt=5.25%
W=94.75%
Potable Water, D=?
Desalinized Water, DS=500ppm
BASIS: 100lb/hr
R = 5.25% salt = 0.0525
Overall Balance:
F=D+B
100 = D + B (1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Salt Balance:
(F)(S1) = (B)(S2) + (D)(DS)
(100)(0.021) = (B)(0.0525) + (D)(500/106)
2.1 = (B)(0.0525) + (D)(0.0005) (2)
From eq.1
D = 100 – B
Put this in eq.2
2.1 = (B)(0.0525) + (100-B)(0.0005)
2.1 = 0.05 - 0.0005 B+ 0.0525 B
STOICHIOMETRY-II
22
2.1 = 0.05 + 0.052 B
B = 39.4 lb/hr
D = 100-39.4
D = 60.6 lb/hr
Overall Balance:
F1 = D + P1
F1 = 60.6 + P1(3)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Salt Balance:
0.04×F1 = 60.6×500/106 + 0.0525×P1
0.04×F1 = 0.0302 + 0.0525×P1
From eq.1
P1 = F1-60.6
Put in eq.2
0.04×F1 = 0.0302 + 0.0525(F1-60.6)
0.04×F1 = 0.0302 + 0.0525 F1 – 3.17
0.0125 F1= 3.13
F1 = 251.2 lb/hr
P1 = 251.2 – 60.6
P1 = 190.63 lb/hr
STOICHIOMETRY-II
23
PROBLEM 14:
A planting plant has a waste stream containing zinc & nickel in quantities in excess of that
allowed to be discharged into the sewer. The proposed process to be used as a first step in
reducing the concentration of zinc & nickel is shown in fig. Each stream contains water.
The concentrations of several of the streams are listed in the table. What is the flow (in
L/hr) of the recycle stream R32 if the feed is 1L/hr?
STREAMS Zn (g/l) Ni (g/l)

F 100 10.0
P0 190.1 17.02
P2 3.50 2.19
R32 4.35 2.36
W 0 0
D 0.10 1.00
R21 W(100%)
F=1L/hr
1
P1 P2 D
PO R32=?
SOLUTION:
BASIS: 1 L/hr
Overall Balance:
F + W = PO + D
1 + W = PO + D (1)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
24
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Zn Balance:
(100) F + 0 = (190.1) PO + (0.10) D
(100) 1 = (190.1) PO + (0.10) D
100 = (190.1) PO + (0.10) D (2)
Ni Balance:
(10) F + 0 = (17.02) PO + (1) D
(10) 1= (17.02) PO + D
10 = (17.02) PO + D
D = 10 – 17.02 PO(3)
Put this in eq.2
100 = (190.1) PO + (0.10) (10 – 17.02 PO)
100 = (190.1) PO + 1 – 17.02 PO
99 = 188.398 PO
PO = 0.525 L/hr
From eq.3
D = 10 – 17.02 (0.525)
D = 1.06 L/hr
From eq.1
1 + W = 0.5 + 1.06
W = 0.585 L/hr
MATERIAL BALANCE ON BOUNDARY (3)
Overall Balance:
P2 + W = D + R32
P2 + 0.585 = 1.06 + R32
STOICHIOMETRY-II
25
P2 = 1.06 + R32 – 0.585
P2 = R32 + 0.475 (4)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Zn Balance:
(3.50) P2 + 0 = (1.06)(0.10) + R32 (4.35)
(3.50) P2 = 0.106 + R32 (4.35) (5)
Put eq.4 into eq.5
(3.50)(R32 + 0.475) = 0.106 + R32 (4.35)
(3.50) R32 + 1.66 = 0.106 + R32 (4.35)
1.554 = 0.85 R32
R32 = 1.828 L/hr
PROBLEM 15:
Calculate the composition & percent of each component in stream E.
D1 D2 D3=10 lb
A=0.50 A=0.17
B=0.23 B=0.10 C=0
C=0.27 C=0.73
Feed,
F=100 lb
1
P3
P1 P2 C=0 A=0.70
A=0.50
B = 0.20 B=0.30
C = 0.30
A=?
E=? B=?
C=?
STOICHIOMETRY-II
26
GIVEN DATA:
SOLUTION:
BASIS: 100 lb
P3 = 3 D3 = 3×10 = 30 lb
P2 = D2

Overall Balance:
F = D1 + D2 + D3 + P3
100 = D1 + D2 + 10 + 30
D1 + D2= 60
D1= 60 - D2(1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
A Balance:
(0.50)(100) = 0.50 D1 + 0.17 D2 + 10 AD3 + (30) (0.70)
50 = 0.50(60-D2) + 0.17 D2 + 10 AD3+ 21
50 = 30 – 0.50 D2 + 0.17 D2 + 10 AD3+ 21
-1 = -0.33 D2 + 10 AD3 (2)
C Balance:
(0.30)(100) = 0.27 D1 + 0.73 D2 + 0 + 0
30 = (60-D2)0.27 + 0.73 D2
30 = 16.2 - 0.27 D2+ 0.73 D2
13.8 = 0.46 D2
D2 = 30 lb
STOICHIOMETRY-II
27
D1= 60 – 30
D1 = 30 lb
Put value of D2 in eq.2
-1 = -0.33×30 + 10 AD3
AD3 = 0.89
BD3 =1- 0.89 = 0.11
MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (3)
Overall Balance:
P2 + E = D3 + P3
30 + E = 10 + 30
E = 10 lb
COMPONENT BALANCE:
A Balance:
30 AP2 + 10 AE = (10) (0.89) + (0.70) (30)
30 AP2 + 10 AE = 8.9 + 21
30 AP2 + 10 AE = 29.9 (3)
As AP2/BP2 = 4
AP2+ BP2= 1 (4)
AP2= 4 BP2
Eq.4 becomes
4 BP2+ BP2= 1
5 BP2= 1
BP2 = 0.2
AP2 = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
Now from eq.3
STOICHIOMETRY-II
28
(30)(0.8)+ 10 AE = 29.9
AE = 0.59
BE= 1 – 0.59
BE = 0.41
PROBLEM 16:
To save energy, stack gas from a furnace is used to dry rice the flow sheet & known data is
given. What is the amount of recyclegas in lbmolesper 100 lbof P if the concentration of
water in the gas stream entering the dryer is 5.2%?
SOLUTION:
Recycle, R
Wet Gas (lbmol),W
Dry Gas=0.95
Water=0.0473 Water=0.0931
b F1 Dry Gas=0.90
Stack Gas, S
(lbmol)
Water=0.052 DRYER
Rice Feed,F Rice Feed,P (lb)
(lb) Rice=0.75 Rice=0.95
Water=0.25 Water=0.05
BASIS: 100 lbof P
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Rice Balance:
0.75 F = 0.95 P
0.75 F = 0.95×100
F = 126.67 lb
Water Balance:
(0.25/18) F + 0.0473 S = (0.05/18) P + 0.0931 W
STOICHIOMETRY-II
29
0.01×126.67 + 0.0473 S = (0.05/18) 100 + 0.0931 W
1.759 + 0.0473 S = 0.277 + 0.0931 W
1.47 + 0.0473 S = 0.0931 W (1)
Gas Balance:
0.95 S = 0.90 W
W = (0.95/0.90) S (2)
Put eq.2 in eq.1
1.47 + 0.0473 S = 0.0931(0.95/0.90) S
1.323 + 0.0426 S = 0.088 S
1.323 = 0.0454 S
S = 29.14 lbmol
MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (b)
Overall Balance:
S + R = F1
F1 = 29.14 + R (3)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Water Balance:
0.0473 S + 0.0931 R = 0.052 F1
0.0473×29.14 + 0.0931 R = 0.052 F1
1.378 + 0.0931 R = 0.052 F1
Put eq.3 in above eq.
1.378 + 0.0931 R = 0.052 (29.14 + R)
1.378 + 0.0931 R = 1.52 + 0.052 R
0.0411 R = 0.142
R = 3.4 lbmol
STOICHIOMETRY-II
30
PROBLEM 17:
M1=100 Kg M2=75 Kg
z
a b
Feed,F=100 Kg R1=?
P=43.1 Kg
EXTRACTOR 1 EXTRACTOR 2
A=0.5 R1M=? A=0.053
W=0.5 R1A=? M=0.016
R1W=? W=0.931
E1 A=0.09 E2
c M=0.88
A=0.275 W=0.03
M=?
W=?
E
EM=?
EA=? V=?
EW=? A=0.97
M=0.02
d W=0.01
STILL
B=?
BA=?
BM=?
BW=?
SOLUTION:
BASIS:
MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (z)
Overall Balance:
F + M1 + M2 = E1 + E2 + P
100 + 100 + 75 = E1 + E2+ 43.1
E1 + E2= 231.9 (1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
31
Acetone Balance:
(F)(AF) = (E1)(AE1) + (E2)(AE2) +(P)(AP)
(100)(0.5) = 0.275 E1 + 0.09 E2 + (43.1)(0.053)
0.275 E1 + 0.09 E2= 47.72 (2)
From eq.1
E1 = 231.9 - E2
Put in eq.2
0.275 (231.9 – E2) + 0.09 E2= 47.72
63.7725 - 0.275 E2 + 0.09 E2= 47.72
16.0525 = 0.185 E2
E2 = 86.77 Kg
E1 = 145.13 Kg
M Balance:
M1 + M2 = (E1)(ME1) + (E2)(ME2) +(P)(MP)
100 + 75 = 145.13 ME1 + (86.77)(0.88)+ (43.1)(0.016)
145.13 ME1= 97.95
ME1 = 0.674
WE1= 1 – 0.275 – 0.674
WE1 = 0.051
MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (a)
Overall Balance:
F + M1 = E1 + R1
100 + 100 = 145.13 + R1
R1 = 54.87 Kg
COMPONENT BALANCE:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
32
Acetone Balance:
(F)(AF) = (R1)(R1A) + (E1)(AE1)
(100)(0.5) = 54.87 R1A + (145.13)(0.275)
50 = 54.87 R1A + 39.91
R1A = 0.184
M Balance:
M1 = (E1)(ME1) + (R1)(R1M)
100 = (145.13)(0.674) + (54.87)(R1M)
R1M = 0.0397
R1W = 1 – 0.184 – 0.0397
R1W = 0.7763
MATERIALS BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (C)
Overall Balance:
E1 + E2= E
E = 145.13 + 86.77
E = 231.9 Kg
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Acetone Balance:
(E1)(AE1) + (E2)(AE2) = (E)(EA)
(145.13)(0.275) + (86.77)(0.09) = 231.9 EA
EA = 0.206
M Balance:
(E1)(ME1) + (E2)(ME2) = (E)(EM)
(145.13)(0.674) + (86.77)(0.88) = 231.9 EM
EM= 0.751
STOICHIOMETRY-II
33
EW = 1 – 0.751 – 0.206
EW= 0.043
MATERIALS BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY (d)
Overall Balance:
E=V+B
V + B = 231.9
Assumption:
All acetone is in stream ‘V’
So, BA = 0
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Acetone Balance:
(E)(EA) = (V)(VA) + (B)(BA)
(231.9)(0.206) = 0.97 V + 0
Put V = 231.9 – B
47.77 = 0.97(231.9 – B)
47.77 = 224.9 – 177.13
B = 182.61 Kg
V = 231.9 – 182.61
V = 49.29 Kg
M Balance:
(E)(EM) = (V)(VM) + (B)(BM)
(231.9)(0.751) = (49.29)(0.02) + (182.61)(BM)
182.61 BM = 173.17
BM = 0.95
BW = 1 – 0.95
STOICHIOMETRY-II
34
BW = 0.05
PROBLEM 18:
Ultrafiltrationis a method for cleaning up input & output streams from a number of
industrial processes. The lure of the technology is its simplicity, merely putting a
membrane across a stream to sieve out physically undesirable oil, dirt, metal particles,
polymers, & the like. The trick, of course, is coming up with the right membrane. The
screening material has to meet a formidable set of conditions. It has to be very thin (less
than 1 micron), highly porous, yet strong enough to hold up month after month under
severe stressesof liquid flow, pH, particle abrasion, temperature & other plant operating
characteristics.
A commercial system consists of standard modules made up of bundles of porous carbon

tubes coated on the inside with a series of proprietary inorganic compositions. A standard
module is 6 inches in diameter & contains 151 tubes each 4 feet long with a total working
area of 37.5 sq. ft& daily production of 2000 to 5000 gallons of filtrate. Optimum tube
diameter is about 0.25 inches. A system probably will last at least two to three years before
the tubes need replacing from too much residue buildup over the membrane. A periodic
chemical cleanoutof the tube bundles is part of the system’s normal operation. On passing
through filter, the exit stream concentration of oil plus dirt is increased by a factor of 20
over the entering stream.
Calculate the recycle rate in gallons per day (g.p.d) for the set up shown in fig & calculate
the concentration of oil plus dirt in the stream that enters the filtration module.
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
35
From P=2910 gpd H2O=0.771 D=?

process OD=0.229
H20=?
OD=? H2O=0.771 H2O=0.771
R=? C OD=0.229
OD=0.229
W
Makeup Water, 1 3
M=90 gpd 2
K N To
H2O=0.98855 process
H2O=1.00 H2O=0.9927
OD=0.01145 P1=2910 gpd
Oil,Dirt OD=0.00 OD=0.0073
Overall Balance:
M + P= K
90 + 2910 = K
K = 3000 g.p.d
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Water Balance:
1×M + XH2O×P = 0.9927×K
1×90 + XH2O×2910 = 0.9927×3000
In P stream
XH2O= 0.9925
XOD = 1-0.9925=0.0075
Overall Balance:
K+R=N
3000 + R = N (1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Water Balance:
3000×0.9927+ 0.771×R = 0.98855×N
STOICHIOMETRY-II
36
From eq.1
2978.1 + 0.771×R = 0.98855 (3000 + R)
2978.1 + 0.771×R = 2965.65 + 0.98855 R
12.45 = 0.21755 R
R = 57.23 g.p.d
N =3000 + 57.23 = 3057.23 g.p.d
Overall Balance:
N = P1 + D
3057.23 = 2910 + D
D = 147.23 g.p.d
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Water Balance:
0.98855×3057.23= XH2O×P1 + 0.771×147.23
0.98855×3057.23 = XH2O×2910 + 0.771×147.23
In P1 stream
XH2O = 0.9996
XOD = 0.0004
PROBLEM 19:
Dry coke composed of 4% inert solids (ash), 90% carbon & 6% hydrogen is burned in a
furnace with dry air.The solid refuse left after combustion contains 10% carbon & 90%
inert (ash) & no hydrogen in it.The inert ash content does not enter into the reaction.
STOICHIOMETRY-II
37
The orsatanalysis of flue gas gives 13.9% CO2, 0.8% CO, 4.3% O2& 81%
N2.Calculate the % excess air based on complete combustion of the coke?
SOLUTION:
Water, W=100%
CO2=0.139
CO=0.008
Product, P
O2=0.043
Feed, F N2=0.81
FURNACE
Inert=0.04
Carbon, C=0.9
Hydrogen,
H=0.06 Air, A Solid Refuse, R
40% Carbon=0.1
Inert=0.9
O2=0.21
N2=0.79
BASIS: 100 kgmolesof flue gases
ATOMIC BALANCE:
Carbon Balance:
(0.9/12) F = (0.008)(1)(P) + (0.139)(1)(P) + (0.1/12)(1)(R)
0.075 F = 0.008×100 + 0.139×100 + 0.008 R
0.075 F = 14.7 + 0.008 R (1)
Oxygen Balance:
(2)(0.21)(A) = (2)(0.139)(P) + (1)(0.008)(P) + (2)(0.043)(P) + (1) W
0.42 A = 0.278 P + 0.008 P + 0.086 P + W
0.42 A = 0.372×100 + W
STOICHIOMETRY-II
38
0.42 A = 37.2 + W (2)
Nitrogen Balance:
(2)(0.79)(A) = (2)(P)(0.81)
1.58 A = (2)(100)(0.81)
1.58 A = 162
A = 102.53 kgmol
Hydrogen Balance:
(1)(0.06/1)(F) = (2)(1)(W)
0.06 F = 2 W (3)
From eq.2
0.42×102.53 = 37.2 + W
W = 5.8626 kgmol
Put this in eq.3
0.06 F = 2×5.8626
0.06 F = 11.7252
F = 195.42 kgmol
% Excess Air:
C + O2 CO2 (1)
2C + O2 2CO (2)
H2 + O2 2H2O (3)
Reaction 1:
CO2 : O2
1 : 1
13.9 : 13.9
STOICHIOMETRY-II
39
So, from reaction 1
Oxygen required = 13.9 kgmoles
Reaction 2:
CO : O2
2 : 1
0.8 : 0.4
So, from reaction 2
Reaction 3:
H2 O : O2
2 : 1
1 : ½
5.8 : 2.9
So, from reaction 3
Total Oxygen required = 13.9 + 0.4 + 2.9
Total Oxygen required = 17.2 kgmoles
O2 Supplied = 0.21 A
= 0.21×102.53
O2 Supplied= 21.5313 kgmoles
% Excess Air = × 100
STOICHIOMETRY-II
40
= × 100
% Excess Air = 20.12 %
PROBLEM 20:
A distillation column separates 10,000 kg/hrof a mixture containing equal mass of benzene
and toluene. The product D recovered from the condenser at the top of the column contains
95% benzene, and the bottom W from the column contains 96% toluene. The vapor V
entering the condenser from the top of the column is 8000 kg/hr. A portion of the product
from the condenser is returnedto the column as reflux R, and the rest is withdrawn as the
final product D. Assume that V, R, and D are identical in composition since V is condensed
completely. Find the ratio of the amount refluxedR to the product withdrawn D.
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
41
Overall Balance:
F=D+W
10,000 = D + W (1)
COMPONENT BALANCE:
Benzene Balance:
10,000(0.50) = D (0.95) + W (0.04)
5000 = D (0.95) + W (0.04) (2)
Solved the eq.1&eq.2 simultaneously
D = 5050 kg/hr
From eq.1
10,000 = 5050 + W
W = 4950 kg/hr
MATERIAL BALANCE ON SEPARATOR
Overall Balance:
V=R+D
8000 = R + 5050
R = 2950 kg/hr
Now,
Ratio (R/D) = (2950/5050) = 0.58
PROBLEM 21:
A waste stream from a plant is being disposed of by burning in a flare with air. The waste
gas has the composition CH4:30%, CO2: 10%, CO: 8%, H2: 10%, O2: 2%, H2S: 2%, H2O:
2%, N2: 36%.
STOICHIOMETRY-II
42
The Orsat analysis of the exit gas shows 0.3% SO2 along with CO2, O2 and N2. Calculate
the percent excess air and complete Orsat analysis.
SOLUTION:
Water, W=100%
Feed, F Product, P
COMBUSTION
PROCESS
CH4=0.3 SO2=0.003
CO2=0.1 CO2=?
CO=0.08 O2=?
H2=0.1 N2=?
Air, A
O2=0.02
H2S=0.02
H2O=0.02 O2=0.21
N2=0.36 N2=0.79
BASIS: 100 kg of feed

ATOMIC BALANCE
Oxygen Balance:
(F)(0.1)(2) + (F)(0.02)(2) + (F)(0.02) +(A)(0.21)(2) = (100)(0.01) + (P)( )(2) + (P)(2)(0.03) +

(P)(2)( ) (1)
SulphurBalance:
(1)(0.02)(100) = (1)(0.003)P
P = 666.7 kgmol
Nitrogen Balance:
(2)(0.36)(100) + (2)(0.79)A = (2)( )(666.7)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
43
72 + 1.58 A = 1333.4 (2)
= 72 + 1.58A/ 1333.34 (3)
Put in (1)
20+8+4+2+0.42A = W+ 4.0002 + 13 ( ) + 1333.34 ( )

(4)
Carbon Balance:
30+ 10+8 = 666.67( )
= 0.071996
= 48
Hydrogen Balance:
120+ 20+4+4 = (W)(2)
W = 74 kg mole
Oxygen Balance:
34+(0.42)(A) = 74+4+(1333.34)( ) + (1333.34)( )
A= 602.67 kg mole
= 0.7681 = 512 kg moles
= 0.157 = 104.67 kg moles
Now,
nSO2 + nO2 + nN2 + nCO2 = 666.67kg moles
2+ 104.67+ 48+512 = 666.67 kg moles
Now,
For % age excess air
STOICHIOMETRY-II
44
Supplied Air = (0.21)(602.67) = 126.56
For required air

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (1)
CO + ½ O2 CO2 (2)
H2 + ½ O2 2H2O (3)
H2S + 3/2 O2 H2O + SO2 (4)
As 2 kg moles are already presentin feed
%age excess air = (126.56-70/126.56) = 44.69%
PROBLEM 22:
A furnace fuel gas of the following composition: 70% methane (CH4), 20% Hydrogen (H2)
and 10% Ethane (C2H6) with excess air. An oxygen probe placed at the exit of the furnace
reads 2% oxygen in the exit gases. The gases are then passed through a long duct to a heat
exchanger. At the entrance to the heat exchanger the Orsat analysis of the gas reads 6%. Is
the discrepancy due to the fact that the first analysis is on wet basis and the second analysis
is on dry basis (no water condenses in the duct), or due to the air leak in the duct? If the
former, give the Orsat analysis of the exit gas from the furnace. If the latter, calculate the
amount of the air that leaks into the duct per 100 moleof fuel gas burned.
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
45
Water, W (kgmol)=100%
1 2
Feed, F (kgmol) E (kgmol) P-87
FURNACE DUCT
CH4=0.7 CO2=? nCO2
O2=0.02 CO2=?
H2=0.2 nO2
H2O=? O2=0.06
C2H6=0.1 nH2O
Air, A N2=? Air, B N2=?
1.00 nN2
(kgmol) (kgmol)
E
O2=0.21 O2=0.21
N2=0.79 N2=0.79
BASIS: 100 kgmolof feed

MATERIAL BALANCE ACROSS BOUNDARY FURNACE
ATOMIC BALANCE
Hydrogen Balance:
(4)(0.7)(100) + (6)(0.1)(100) + (100)(2)(0.2) = (2)( )E
( ) = 190 (1)
Oxygen Balance:
(A)(2)(0.21) = (0.02)(2)(E) + ( )(2)(E) + ( )
0.42 A = (0.02)(2)(E) + ( )(2)(E) + 190 (2)
NitogenBalance:
(2)(0.79)(A) = ( )(E)(2)
1.58A= 2E( )
1.58A= 2E(1-0.02- - )
1.58A= 1.96E-2E - 2E (3)
Carbon Balance:
(0.7)(100) + (0.1)(2)(100) = ( )(E)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
46
90 = ( )(E) (4)
By (3)
A = 1.96E-560/1.58 (5)
Put in (2)
E= 1079.160 kg moles
From (5)
A=984.274kg moles
Boundry2 (Duct)
Hydrogen Balance:
(190)(2) = (1)(W)(2)
W= 190kg moles
Boundry3 (overall process)
Carbon balance
(0.7)(F) + (0.10)(2)(F) = (P)(1)( )
0.9F= (P)( ) (6)
Hydrogen Balance
(0.70)(F) + (2)(0.20)(F) + (6)(0.1)(F) = (W)(1)(2)
F = 100kg moles
Put in (6)
90 = (P)( ) (7)
Nitrogen Balance
(o.79)(2)(984.274)+ (0.79)(2)(B) = (P)( )(2)
P = 1735.152 + 1.58/1.88 (8)
STOICHIOMETRY-II
47
Oxygen Balance
(0.21)(2)(984.274) + (0.21)(2)(B) = (W)(1) + (2)(P)( ) + (P)(0.06)(2)
B = 211 kg moles
From (8)
P = 1100 kg moles
PROBLEM 23:
A synthesis gas analyzing 6.4% CO2, 0.2% O2, 40% CO, and 50.8% H2, (the balance is N2),
is burnt with 40% dry excess air. What is the composition of the flue gas?
SOLUTION:
Feed, F Flue Gas, G

BURNER
CO2=0.064 CO2=?
CO=0.4 O2=?
H2=0.508 H2O=?
O2=0.002 Air, A N2=?
N2=0.026 40%
O2=0.21
N2=0.79
CO + ½ O2 CO2
STOICHIOMETRY-II
48
CO : CO2
1 : 1
0.4 : 0.4
Total CO2 = 0.064 + 0.4 = 0.464 kgmolesOr 46.4%
H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O
H2 : H2O
1 : 1
0.508 : 0.508
So, H2O in the exit=0.508 kgmolesOr50.8%
For Required Oxygen
CO + ½ O2 CO2 (1)
H2 + ½ O2 H2O (2)
Reaction 1:
O2 : CO
0.5 : 1
0.5×0.4 : 0.4
Required oxygen = 0.2kgmoles0r 20%
Reaction 2:
H2 O : O2
1 : 0.5
0.508 : 0.5×0.508
Required oxygen = 0.254 kgmolesOr 25.4%
STOICHIOMETRY-II
49
So, Total Required Oxygen = 0.254 + 0.2
Total Required Oxygen = 0.454 kgmoles0r 45.4%
As Oxygen already present is 0.002
So, 0.454 – 0.002 = 0.452 kgmolesOr 45.2%
% Excess Air = 0.4 × 0.452
% Excess Air = 0.1808 kgmolesOr 18.08%
Total Oxygen entering = 45.2 + 18.08 = 63.28%
Total Air Entering =
Total Air Entering = 301.33%
N2 in air = 301.33 × 0.79 = 238.05
Total N2 leaving = 238.05 – 2.6 = 240.65%
PROBLEM 24:
A low-grade pyrite containing 32% S is mixed with 10 lb of pure sulfur per 100 lb of
pyrites so the mixture will burn readily, forming a burner gas that analyzes (Orsat) 13.4%
SO2 , 2.7% O2 and 83.9% N2. No sulfur is left in the cinder. Calculate the percentage of the
sulfur fired that burned to SO3. (The SO3 is not detected by the Orsat ananlysis.)
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
50
SO3, Y (lbmole)
Cinder, C
Feed, F = 100 lb (lb)
S=0.32 Product, Z
(lbmole)
SO2=0.134
Air, X O2=0.027
(lbmol) N2=0.839
O2=0.21
N2=0.79
Solution:
Basis: 100 lb of pyrites
Material Balance:
SulphurBalance:
42/32 = Y=0.134Z
Y = 1.3125 – 0.134Z (1)
1 moleS 1 mole Fe 1 mole Fe2O3 1.5 mole O2

2 moleS 2 moleFe 1 mole Fe2O3
O2 Balance:
(0.21)(X) = 1.5Y+ (0.134+ 0.027)Z =1.5/4 (2)
Nitrogen Balance:
(o.79)(X) = (0.839)(Z)
X = o.839Z/0.79 (3)
Putting valueof X and Y in (1)
X = 9.46
Y = 0.1074
STOICHIOMETRY-II
51
Z = 8.9
%age conversion = (0.1074/1.31) *100 = 8.19%
PROBLEM 25:
One of the products of sewage treatment is sludge. After microorganismsgrow in the
activated sludge process to remove nutrients and organic material, a substantial amount of
wet sludge is produced. This sludge must be dewatered; one of the most expensive parts of
most treatment plant operations. How to dispose of the dewatered sludge is a major
problem. Some organizations sell dried sludge for fertilizer, some spread the sludge on
farmland, and in some places it is burned. To burn a desired sludge, fuel oil is mixed with
it, and the mixture is in a furnace with air. If you collect the following analysis for the
sludge and for the stack gas
Sludge (%) Stack Gas (%)

S 32 SO2 1.52
C 40 CO2 10.14
H2 4 O2 4.65
O2 24 N2 81.67
CO 2.02
(a) Determine the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in the fuel oil.
(b) Determine the ratio of pounds of dry sludge to pounds of fuel oil in the mixture fed to
the furnace.
SOLUTION:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
52
Water, W (lbmol)=100%
C=?
H=?
Fuel oil, F (lb) Flue Gas, G
BURNER
SO2=0.0152
Sludge, S (lb) CO2=0.1014
O2=0.0465
Air, A CO=0.0202
S=0.32
(lbmol) N2=0.8167
C=0.4
H2=0.04
O2=0.24 O2=0.21
N2=0.79
BASIS: 100 lbmolof flue gas
ATOMIC BALANCE:
Nitrogen Balance:
(0.79)(2)A = (2)(100)(0.8167)
1.58 A = 163.34
A = 103 lbmol
SulphurBalance:
(0.32/32)(1)S = (1)(100)(0.0152)
0.01 S = 1.52
S = 152 lbmol
Oxygen Balance:
(0.24/32)(2)(152) + (2)(0.21)(103) = (1)(1)W + (2)(100)(0.0152) + (2)(100)(0.1014) +

(2)(100)(0.0465) + (1)(100)(0.0202)
2.28 + 43.41918 = W + 3.04 + 20.28 + 9.3 + 2.02
45.69918 = W + 34.64
W = 11.06 lbmol
Hydrogen Balance:
STOICHIOMETRY-II
53
(F)( ) + (2)(152)(0.04/2) = (2)(1)(W)
(F)( ) + 6.08 = 22.12
(F)( ) = 16.04 (1)
Carbon Balance:
(0.4/12)(152) + (F)( ) = (0.1014)(100) + (0.0202)(100)
5.066 + (F) ( ) = 10.14 + 2.02
(F) ( ) = 7.09 (2)
From (1 )
F-F = 16.04
Put in (2)
F = 101.150 lb
= 0.842
= 0.158
S/F = 1.5
PROBLEM 26:
Refined sugar (sucrose) can be converted to glucose and fructose by the inversion process
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 (G) + C6H12O6 (F)
The combined glucose and fructose is called inversionsugar. If 90% conversion of sucrose
occurs on one pass through the reactor, what would be the recycle stream flow per 100
lbmfresh feed of sucrose? What is the concentration of inversionsugar in the recycle and
STOICHIOMETRY-II
54
product streams? Assume that the two streams are identical in composition. Refer to the
flowchart for the other details of the process.
SOLUTION:
Overall Conv. ofA = 100%

Single PassConv.ofA = 75%
Conversion of Sucrose toGlucose and Fructose
Basis: 100 lbmof fresh feed
Overall Process
Total Balance:
P = 100 lbm
Mixing Point
Total Balance:
100 + R = T
Sucrose Balance:
100(0.30) + R(xS)R = T(xS)T
Inv. Sugar Balance:
(0) + R(xI)R = T(0.05)
Reactor + SeparatorSucrose Balance: T(xS)T – T(xS)T(0.90) = (R + 100)(xS)R
Calculate for the pound of water consumed per pound of
sucroseconsumed
H2O Balance: T(xW)T – T(xS)T(0.90)(0.0526) = (R + 100)(xW)R

. (xS)R + (xI)R + (xW)R = 1.0
(xS)T + 0.05 + (xW)T = 1.0
LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations
STOICHIOMETRY-II
55

Solving equations simultaneously:
R = 20.94 lbm
T = 120.94 lbm
(xW)T = 0.698
(xS)T = 0.252
(xW)R = 0.6858
(xS)R = 0.0252
(xI)R = 0.289
STOICHIOMETRY-II
56

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE, KSK CAMPUS

MASS BALANCE PROBLEMS

Methyl isocyanate, MIC Plume

Assumption: Area of plume is rectangular.

Methyl Isocyanate, MIC = 100 lb

Plume = 30 ft × 200 ft& 1 mile long

Ambient Concentration = 47 mg/m3

As 100 lb= 45359237 mgs

So, Area = 30×200×5280

Area = 31680000 ft3 = 896544 m3

So, Concentration = 45359237/896544

Concentration = 50.59 mg/m3

It is greater than ambient concentration.

BASIS: 1 ton of sludge

0.7 × F = 0.25 × P + W × 1.00 (2)

(0.7) F = (0.25) P + (1.00) W

(0.7) (1) = (0.25) (F – W) + (1.00) W

W= 0.6 ton = 1200 lb

BASIS:100 Kg of dilute acid

(0.28)D + (0.96) C = (0.50) P

(0.28)(1) + (0.96) C = (0.50) P (2)

Put eq. 1 in eq. 2

0.28 + 0.96 C = 0.50 (D + C)

0.28 + 0.96 C = 0.50 × 1 + 0.50 C

0.28 + 0.46 C = 0.50

C = (0.47) (100) = 47.82 Kg

P = 100 + 47.82 = 147.82 Kg

Feed, F=? Product, P=1000lb

BASIS:1000 lb of 8% nitrocellulose solution

(0.945) F = (0.02) (1000)

BASIS: 6.22 Kgmol/hr of feed entering the reactor

nH2= F H2= (6.22) (0.580) = 3.61 moles

BASIS:6.22 Kgmol/hr of feed entering the reactor

F (0.580) 2 + F (0.420) 1 = W (0.223) 2 + W ( HCl) 1+W( SiHCl3) 1

(6.22) (0.580) 2 + (6.22) (0.420) 1 = nHCl.1 + nSiHCl3+ (2) nH2

9.8276 = nHCl+nSiHCl3 + (2) nH2(2)

F (0.420) 3 = W ( HCl) 1+W( SiHCl3) 3

(6.22) (0.420) 3 = nHCl.1 + nSiHCl3(3)

7.8372 = nHCl+ nSiHCl3(3) (3)

(6.22) (0.420) 1 = W ( HCl) 1 + P (1.00) 1

W = nHCl+ nSiHCl3 + nH2

nHCl+ nSiHCl = W - nH2(5)

Put eq.5 into eq.2

9.8276 = W - nH2+ 2 (nH2) = W + nH2(6)

nH2= W H2= W (0.223)

Put eq.7 into eq.6

2.192 = nH2+ 0.223 nH2

nH2 = 1.79 moles

Put this value in eq.7

Now solving eq. 2 & eq.3

nHCl+ nSiHCl 3 + (2) 1.79= 9.8276

nHCl+ nSiHCl (3) = 7.8372

-2 nSiHCl + 3.58 = 1.9904

nSiHCl 3 = 0.79 moles

1.82 Kg moles 1 hr 20 min 28 Kg Si

Total mass of Si = 16.9 + 1.46 = 18.4 Kg

Wet Timber Balance:

(0.201) F =1W + (0.086) P

(0.201) (1) =1W + (0.086) (0.87)

W = 0.131 Kg of water removed per Kg of timber

Hence, a unique solution is possible.

F (0.00105) + A (0.400) = P (0.00281)

F (0.00105) + (1) (0.400) = P (0.00281) (2)