Purdue University

Current
Current Research
Research Topics
Topics in
in Optical
Optical
Sensors
Sensors and
and Laser
Laser Diagnostics
Diagnostics

Prof. Robert P. Lucht

School of Mechanical Engineering ,Purdue University, W.
Lafayette, IN

February 16, 2006

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School of Mechanical Engineering

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Survey
Survey of
of Spectroscopic
Spectroscopic Laser
Laser
Diagnostic
Diagnostic Techniques
Techniques

• Development of commercialized tunable lasers

about 25 years ago has led to routine use of
laser techniques for probing flames and
plasmas.

• The techniques that we use in our experiments

are introduced in the next few slides. After
these slides ongoing projects in my laboratory
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Rayleigh
Rayleigh Scattering
Scattering –– Filtered
Filtered
Rayleigh
Rayleigh Scattering
Scattering
Flame or Nonreacting
Flow

Single-Frequency Beam
Laser Dump

Excited
Electronic
Level Iodine Cell

Virtual
Level

CCD Array
Ground
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Electronic
Level
Strong signal, spatially resolved,
not species-specific
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Tunable
Tunable Laser
Laser Absorption
Absorption
Flame or Plasma

Tunable
Laser System

Photomultiplier
or Photodiode
Excited Electronic
Or Vibrational Level Trans
Laser
Intensity

Ground Electronic Laser Frequency

Or Vibrational Level

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Species-specific, quantitative, path-averaged
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Spontaneous
Spontaneous Raman
Raman Scattering
Scattering
Flame or Plasma

Fixed Frequency Beam

Laser Dump

Photomultiplier
Excited or CCD Array
Electronic
Level

Virtual
Level Spectrometer

v+1, J
v, J
Species-specific, spatially resolved,
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quantitative, Template 5
signal

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Laser-Induced
Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Fluorescence (LIF)
(LIF)
Frequency-Doubling
Crystal
Excited
Electronic Nd:YAG Laser Dye Laser
Level
545 nm
532 nm
Nonradiative Q-switched, 10-nsec to 800 nm 272 nm
Decay pulse, 500 mJ to 400 nm
Flame

Ground
Electronic Lens Focusing Lens

Level

Beam Dump or
Power Meter
Collecting Lens
Photomultiplier or
Digital Camera

Spectrometer or
Filter Computer

Species-selective, spatially
Patternedresolved, strong6signals,
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complicated by nonradiative decay, not all species fluoresce

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Laser-Induced
Laser-Induced Polarization
Polarization
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy (LIPS)
(LIPS)
Flame or Plasma Beam
Dump

Tunable
Laser System
Photomultiplier
λ/4 Beam or Photodiode
Dump
M=-1 M=0 M=+1 Excited
Zeeman
States
Trans
Laser
Intensity

Ground
Zeeman Laser Frequency
M=-1 M=0 M=+1 States
Pump RCP
Species-selective, spatially
Patterned
Probe RCP
resolved,
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Probe LCP
species, coherent signal,
complicated physics
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Coherent
Coherent Anti-Stokes
Anti-Stokes Raman
Raman
Scattering
Scattering (CARS)
(CARS)
• Conventional ωpump
“Single-Pump” CARS ωCARS

• Noninvasive ωStokes

• Coherent Laser-Like ωpump

Signal ωV

• Spatially and ωCARS

Temporally Resolved
• Excellent Gas
Temperature Data
(especially at higher ω Stokes
temperatures) Patterned Border Template 8
ωPump1
ωPump1
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Current
Current Projects
Projects
• Laser-Induced Polarization Spectroscopy
• Diode-Lased-Based Sensors in the
Ultraviolet
• Injection-Seeded Optical Parametric
Generator Systems
• Electronic-Resonance-Enhanced Coherent
Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (ERE CARS)
• Femtosecond CARS
• Hypersonic Flow Diagnostics
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• Mixing in Model Rocket Chambers
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Laser-Induced
Laser-Induced Polarization
Polarization Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy
• Funding source: US Dept of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences. One RA position is open.
• This project is a combined experimental and
theoretical investigation of the potential of LIPS for
concentration measurements for radical species.
Low-pressure diamond-film CVD flame.
LIPS measurements of
atomic hydrogen

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Diode-Lased-Based
Diode-Lased-Based Sensors
Sensors in
in the
the Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet
• Funding source: US Dept of Energy, National
Energy Technology Lab. One RA position is open.
• We have developed advanced diode laser sensors
for measuring NO, OH, Hg among other species.
OH Sensor in Operation NO Sensor in Gas Turbine Test Cell

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Injection-Seeded
Injection-Seeded Optical
Optical Parametric
Parametric
Generator
Generator Systems
Systems
• Funding source: US Dept of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific
Research.
• We are developing a new pulsed, tunable laser source.
OPG in Operation.
High-Resolution NO Spectra from OPG.

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Electronic-Resonance-Enhanced
Electronic-Resonance-Enhanced Coherent
Coherent
Anti-Stokes
Anti-Stokes Raman
Raman Scattering
Scattering (ERE
(ERE CARS)
CARS)
• Funding source: US Dept of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific
Research, DARPA.
• We are developing a ERE CARS techniques for
measurement of NO and C2H2 in high-pressure flames,
and for detection of anthrax spores.

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Femtosecond
Femtosecond CARS
CARS
• Funding source: National Science Foundation.
• This project is an investigation of the potential of
femtosecond CARS for measurements in turbulent
flames at data rates in excess of 1 kHz.
Fsec CARS Pulse Diagram. Fsec CARS Optical System.
Chirped Probe Pulse
Probe Beam - ω3 2-3 psec
660 nm, 70 fsec Dispersive
Rod
60 cm SF11 Delay Line
Stokes Beam - ω2 for Probe
780 nm, 70 fsec

Pump Beam - ω1
660 nm, 70 fsec
Raman Coherence
Turbulent Flame
CARS Signal Beam - ω4 or Gas Cell

To Spectrometer
and EMCCD
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Hypersonic
Hypersonic Flow
Flow Diagnostics
Diagnostics
• Funding source: Air Force Office of Scientific
Research. One RA position is open.
• We are developing new laser diagnostic techniques
for probing hypersonic shear layers. A hypersonic
tunnel is under construction at Texas A&M Univ.
High-Resolution OPG for NO LIF. High-Res NO LIF imaging will be
used to measure p, T, V.
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Theory
(b)

LIF Signal / UV Intensity (arb. units)

0.60
Experiment

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0.40

0.30

0.20

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0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
2 X OPO Signal Frequency - 1,326,922.5 (GHz)

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Mixing
Mixing in
in Model
Model Rocket
Rocket Chambers
Chambers
• Funding source: NASA. One RA position is open.
• We are performing NO PLIF measurements in a
simulated rocket injector chamber for comparison
with CFD calculations by Prof. Merkle’s group.
Rocket Injector Simulator
PLIF Image of Mixing of Nitrogen
from Central “Oxidizer” Slot with
Helium from Side “Fuel” Slots

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Questions?
Questions? Comments?
Comments? Interest
Interest
in
in RA
RA Position?
Position?

Please contact Prof. Lucht at

765-494-5623 (office), 765-
586-5823 (cell), or at
Lucht@purdue.edu.

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School of Mechanical Engineering