* “TENSES” , “ACTIVE and PASSIVE VOICE”

Notes : A.V = Active Voice

P.V = Passive Voice

I.Present Tense

A.Simple Present Tense

    *Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada masa kini (Sederhana)
    A.V.=> S + V1 + O
       P.V.=> S + Tobe + V3 + O
 Ex.:A.V. Kucing makan ikanku (The cat eats my fish)
       P.V. Ikanku dimakan kucing (My fish is eaten by the cat)
  
  B.Present Continous Tense
     *Kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan pada masa kini
     A.V.=> S + Tobe + V.ing + O
     P.V.=> S + Tobe + being + V.ing + O
 Ex.:AV and PV= biso
   
  C.Present Perfect Tense
      *Kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan pada masa kini
     A.V.=> S + Have/has + V3 + O
     P.V.=> S + Have/Has + Been + V3 + O
 Ex.:A.V. John sudah mengerjakan PR.
        P.V. PR sudah dikerjakan oleh John.
  
  D.Present Perfect Continous Tense
   *Kegiatan yang sudah & masih berlangung pd masa kini.
     A.V. => S + Have/Has + Been + V.ing + O
     P.V. => S + Have/Has + Been + Being + V3 + O
 Ex.:A.V.Jim has been cleaning the blackbpard for one time.
       P.V.The blackboard has been being cleaned by Jim for one time.

II.Past Tense
  
  A.Simple past tense
      *Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada masa lampau
    A.V.=> S + V2 + O
      P.V.=> S + Was/Were + V3 + O
  Ex.:A.V.My mother washes my clothes
        P.V.Merry was born in 1999
  
  B.Past Continous Tense
     *Kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.
     A.V.=> S + Was/Were + V.ing + O
     P.V.=> S + Was/Were + Being + V3 + O
  
 C.Past Perfect Tense
    *Kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan pada masa lampau.
    *Bisa pakai kata when(ketika)
     A.V.=> S + Had + V3 + O
     P.V.=> S + Had + Been + V3 + O
  
 D.Past Perfect Continous Tense
   *Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada masa lampau dan masih sedang berlangsung
         pada saat yang sama ketika kejadian lain menyusul.
    *Pakai kata When(ketika)
     A.V.=> S + Had + Been + V.ing + O
     P.V.=> S + Had + Been + Being + V3 + O

III.Future Tense

 A.Simple Future Tense

      *Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada masa yang akan dating
     A.V.=> S + Will + V1 + O, (or) S + Be Going To + V1 + O ->Pasti
     P.V.=> S + Will + Be + V3 + O

 B.Future Continous Tense

     *Kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa yang akan datang
      pada waktu yang sudah ditentukan.
    A.V.=> S + Will + Be + V.ing + O
    P.V.=> S + Will + Be + Being + V3 + O

 C.Future Perfect Tense

     *Kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
    A.V.=> S + Will + Have + V3 + O
    P.V.=> S + Will + Have + Been + V3 + O -> yang sudah di…
 D.Future Perfect Continous Tense
     *Kegiatan di masa yang lampau, masih berlangsung sampai sekarang,
      dan akan berlangsung di masa yang akan datang.
    A.V.=> S + Will + Have + Been + V.ing + O
    P.V.=> S + Will + Have + Been + Being + V3 + O

* AUXILIARIES VERB
Subject To Be To Do To Have Object Prhasa
I Am -> Was Do Have Me My
You Are Do Have You your
We Are -> Were Do Have Us Our
They Are Do->did->Done Have Them Their
He Is Does Has Him His
She Is -> Was Does Has Her Her
It Is Does Has It Its

Pedoman Pemakaian “Be” dalam kalimat Passive:

1.Present tense                  :Is, Am, Are
2.Present Continous Tense : Is, Am, Are + being
3.Present Perfect Tense    : Have, Has + Been
4.Past Tense                      : Was, Were
5.Past  Perfect Tense        : Had Been
6. Past Continous Tense     : Was, Were + Being
7. Future Tense                 : Shall, Will + Be
8. Future  Perfect Tense   : Shall, Will + Have Been
9.Modal                              : Modal + Be
10.Modal Perfect               : Modal + Have Been

*MODAL AUXILIARIES
Modal Auxiliaries adalah jenis modal yang berfungsi untuk memberikan arti
tertentu pada kata kerj pokok pada sutu kalimat.
Present Past
Will => Akan Would => Akan
Shall => Akan Should =>Harus / Seharusnya
Can / Be able to…=> Dapat/Boleh Could => Dapat / Boleh
 May => Mungkin / Boleh Might => Mungkin / Boleh
Must/Have/Has To => Had To => Pasti/Pasti
Pasti/Harus

*MODAL  PASSIVE
Modal passive yaitu kalimat passive yang menggunakan modal auxiliaries.
1.Can = bisa, dapat
   S +  Can  + Be + V3 => bisa di…
2.Will = akan
   S + Will + Be + V3 => akan di…
3.Must = harus (keharusan)
   S + Must + Be + V3 =>harus di…

*MODAL PERFECT
Rumus Umum:S + Modal Perfect + Have + V3 + O
1.Must = Pasti telah… (Kesimpulan)
  S + Must + Have + V3 + O
2.May / Might = Mungkin telah/belum…
   S + May/Might + Have + V3 + O
3.Should / Ought to = Seharusnya sudah/telah…
   S + Should/ought to + Have + V3 + O
4.Could = Pada dasarnya bisa…

   S + Could + Have + V3 + O