Wren Book 5

P C Wren’s

Grammar

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5
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P C WREN
M.A. (OXON.) I.E.S.
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Revised By
N D V PRASADA RAO
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M.A., D.T.E., Ph.D.
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This book belongs to:

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Name .............................................................................................

Roll No. .........................................................................................

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Class and Section .....................................................................

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School ...........................................................................................
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S.
©
 Wren Book 5

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This Revised Edition 2019

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ISBN : 978-93-5283-414-3 Product Code : SCS2WNE050ENGAB18MLN

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 Wren Book 5

P C Wren’s Grammar is the revised edition of the highly successful series

and is based on user feedback. A set of eight English grammar textbooks
for classes 1 to 8, the series, acknowledged as one of the best and most

Preface
authoritative of traditional grammars, has been specially designed to meet
the needs of the learners in the primary and middle schools today.

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P C Wren’s Grammar provides ample guidance and practice in sentence

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building, correct usage, comprehension, composition and other allied
areas to equip the learners with the ability to use the English language
effectively in real-life situations.

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The series aims at simplicity of language in its treatment of each topic
with multiple examples, reinforced by extensive drills. The sections on

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comprehension and composition set out to help the learners put their
knowledge of grammar to more practical use and widen their communicative
abilities.

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Special features of P C Wren’s Grammar
 Includes carefully graded material across the series with special focus

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on structure and usage
 Spiral gradation leading to cumulative learning as learners progress
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through classes, and revisit certain topics, with more depth and
complexity
 Less analysis, more examples and exercises
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 Ample activity-based material to enhance creative skills and make
learning enjoyable
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 Comprehension passages for enhancing reading skills and the ability

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to draw inferences
 Composition exercises with solved examples and scaffolding to
encourage independent writing
 A special section on vocabulary with extended drilling of spellings
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and usage of words

 Pair work and group work to make the learning process interesting
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 Listen and speak section to hone the oral-aural skills of the learners
and provide a more wholesome exposure in the learning of the
English language
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 Revision sections, three in each book, to help in the recapitulation

and evaluation of what has been learnt
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 Teacher’s Manual for each textbook, with answer keys to the

exercises and additional worksheets to facilitate the teaching process
©

It is sincerely hoped that this need-based series, enlivened by colourful

illustrations, will be appreciated by both children and teachers alike. Further
suggestions and feedback for improving the books will be received gratefully.
 Wren Book 5

Course Design
Spiral gradation of Grammar topics, with a variety
of exercises for reinforcement.
27

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Words

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4
Dictionary skills

Nouns
A dictionary is a very useful book. It tells us the
meaning, origin and usage of different words.

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The words in a dictionary are always written in
alphabetical order.
, animals or
of persons, places Examples:
Nouns are names sified into four cat
egories.
clas

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uns can be • apple • bat
things. No • brave
Nouns • bright • crayon • crow

Collective Abstract Exercise 1

Common Proper
Arrange the following words in the alphabetical
er nouns
Common and Prop

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order as you would find them in a dictionary.
common to
is a name given in 1. block 2. country 3. blade
A common noun s or kind; as,
ry per son or thin g of the same clas 4. device 5. blink 6. doctor
eve • boy
n • woman 7. complex 8. baby 9. dew
• ma • country
• town 10. dice 11. candy
• girl particular
12. chef

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nam e of a
the special 13. cover 14. detail
A proper noun is
g or place; as,
person, animal, thin • The Bible A dictionary is an important tool to look up the
• Bosco exact meaning of any word. You can also use it
• Irfaan • Africa to
• Pac ific confirm the spelling or the plural form of any word.
• Shirin lett er.
in wit h a cap ital
Proper nouns beg A dictionary also tells you how the word is used.

Nouns that are bot

Look at the follow
h Common and Pro
ing pictures.
per om • n. after the word tells you the word is being
explained as a noun.
• adj. after the word tells you the word is being
explained as an adjective.
134
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Earth
Sun Moon and
the pic ture s of the Sun, the Moon
These are mon and
Ear th. The se are used both as com
the
proper nouns. Words provides varied tasks to help build
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20 the vocabulary and practise spellings.

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Activity
box.
the past tense of the verbs in the
1. Complete the word ladder with
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go tell do dig
s a w see
get throw win
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s. Use
. Complete the story that follow
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2. Look at the pictures given below

tense.
past continuous and simple past

Activity/Pair work
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to develop the
learner’s interest in
the concepts learnt.
©

the road...
Arav and Sameer were playing near

70
 Wren Book 5

Comprehension exercises to reinforce reading

skills and contextual practice.

the
28 Listen and Speak
II. Read the passage ‘Hibernation’ and answer
questions that follow. Hearing is the physical ability, while listening is a
skill. Listening skills allow us to understand what
Finding food in winter is difficult for most

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our teachers teach or what our parents tell us. We
animals when various sources of food like
need to practise this skill for better understanding.
insects or plants are not available in plenty.

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with
It is during this time, most animals cope We will practise listening and speaking in the
the lack of food by hibernating. following exercises. In the speaking exercises, we will
certain
Hibernation is that deep sleep taken by have interactive and close to real-life situations.
animals that helps them not to waste energy
t Exercises
so that they can survive the winter withou
much food. An animal’s body temperature

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1. The teacher will read out a paragraph on
falls during hibernation. The heartbeat and French people. The students will write down
breathing slows down so it saves energy. whether the statements about the paragraph
by are true (T) or false (F).
Hibernating animals prepare for winter
eating more food than they need. They store

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(a) Kyoto is the capital of France. _________
energy
the food as body fat. This fat is used as (b) The French are very narrow-minded. _________
when they sleep. The fat is formed in patches
These
near the animal’s brain, heart and lungs. (c) The French Revolution was a
warm
patches send a quick boost of energy to famous event in their history. _________
these organs when the animals wake up.
(d) King Louis XVI died of cholera.

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_________
a few
Fish, bears, lizards, frogs and turtles are (e) There is a significant French
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examples of hibernating animals. They have population in Switzerland. _________
(f) Arabic is widely spoken in the
country. _________

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2. Read the conversation.
Man : Are you Anushka? Mr Kapoor’s daughter?
Girl : Yes sir. Are you Mr Jalan?

139
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111 Listen and Speak includes a variety of tasks to
hone the oral-aural skills of the learners.
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Composition exercises to encourage

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pupils to write independently. Revision Test 3

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1. Underline and state the kind of adverbs in the following

sentences.
(a) We meet our teacher daily.
________________________

26
(b) She met my father yesterday.
________________________
(c) Maya completed her work tidily.

Letter Writing
________________________
(d) Gyan was behaving angrily.
________________________
(e) The Mehras' are coming here.
________________________
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(f) Jeevan went downstairs to get the lamp.

________________________
(g) Please call your parents now.
has written to
Read the following letter that Amrita
________________________

she spends (h) My friends have always helped me.

her cousin from her hostel saying how ________________________

her time. 2. State the part of speech of the underlined words.

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Date
20th May 2019 (a) She is my mother.
________________________
(b) Honesty is the best policy.
St. Lawrence High School ________________________
Sender’s Address (c) It was a sunny day when we went out.
23, Minanagar Palika Road ________________________
Dalhousie- 584703 (d) He kept asking me for directions.
________________________
Salutation (e) Wow! What a lovely sunset!
Dear Shalu,
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________________________

of
(f) Father bought me plums to eat.
Hope this letter finds you in the best ________________________

health. I am doing well. My exams have

just (g) Fill in the form carefully.
________________________
got over. I have been practis ing for the (h) She wanted to swim but the water was too strong.
up
upcoming basketball tournament. I get
________________________
My
early and practise with my teammates. Body
S.

I miss 3. Change the following from direct to indirect speech.

friends help me out with the classes (no indents)
out because of the practic e. I help them with (a) Meena said, ‘It gives me great pleasure to introduce
my teacher to you.’
their physical education training. I usually (b) Father said, ‘I must leave as soon as I can.’
take my breakfast and lunch in the school
hostel (c) She said, ‘Go away! I do not want to see your face
canteen, while dinner is served in the again.’
the (d) Mother says, ‘If you concentrate hard, you will study
dining hall. I have extra classes during well.’
rate
weekends now so that I can also concent (e) Manish said, ‘I have finally won!’
©

on the classes I have been missing out.

(f) ‘Which way did the car go?’ asked the boy.
to
I miss you, uncle and aunty a lot. I wish Conclusion 106
I hope
visit you during my summer holidays.
to hear from you soon.
Complimentary
Yours affectionately, Closing

Signature
Amrita
Revisions to reinforce and assess the learner’s
128
understanding of the concepts learnt.
 Wren Book 5

1 Sentences 9
2 Subject and Predicate 13

Contents 3 Parts of Speech 16

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4 Nouns 20

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5 Nouns: Gender 25
6 Nouns: Number 29

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7 Adjectives 32

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8 Articles 38
Revision Test 1 42

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9 Pronouns I 44
10 Pronouns II 50

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11 Verbs 55
12 Present Tense
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13 Past Tense 65
14 Future Tense 71
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15 Voice 75
16 Subject-Verb Agreement 78
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Revision Test 2 81
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17 Adverbs I 83
18 Adverbs II 87
19 Prepositions 91
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20 Conjunctions 94
21 Reported Speech 98
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Revision Test 3 106

22 Comprehension 108
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23 Story Writing 117

24 Article Writing
S.

121
25 Diary Entry 124
26 Letter Writing 128
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27 Words 134
28 Listen and Speak 139
Listening Text 144
 Wren Book 5

Detailed Contents
1. Sentences Definition, Kinds of sentences, Classification of sentences

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2. Subject and Understanding subject and predicate, Cases where the predicate

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Predicate verb precedes the subject
3. Parts of Speech Understanding Parts of speech – Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb,

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Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection, Parsing parts of
speech

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4. Nouns Understanding Common noun, Proper noun, Collective noun
and Abstract noun, Nouns that are both common and proper,

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Forming abstract nouns from common nouns, adjectives, verbs
5. Nouns: Gender Understanding Common and Neuter gender, Formation of

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feminine gender
6. Nouns: Number Understanding the rules for changing singular nouns to plural
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forms
7. Adjectives Understanding Adjectives of Quality and Quantity/Number,
Understanding Demonstrative, Interrogative and Possessive
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adjectives
8. Articles Understanding Definite and Indefinite articles, Use of a, an, the,
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Usage of definite article the

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Revision Test 1 Revision exercises of units 1-8

9. Pronouns I Introduction, Understanding Personal pronouns, Number gender,
Possessive pronouns and Demonstrative pronouns
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10. Pronouns II Understanding Reflexive pronouns, Interrogative pronouns and

Relative pronouns
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11. Verbs Understanding Main verbs, Helping verbs, Linking verbs and
Main verbs which change their forms
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12. Present Tense Introduction, Understanding forms of Present tense – Simple

present, Present continuous and Present perfect tense
S.

13. Past Tense Understanding forms of Past tense – Simple past, Past
continuous and Past perfect tense, How to form verbs in past
©

tense
14. Future Tense Understanding forms of Future tense – Simple future tense and
Future continuous tense, Use of ‘going to’
 Wren Book 5

15. Voice Understanding Active and Passive voice, Rules for changing a verb
from the active voice to passive voice and vice-vers.
16. Subject-Verb Understanding the usage of subject-verb agreement in sentence.
Agreement

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Revision Test 2 Revision exercises of units 9-16

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17. Adverbs I Understanding Adverbs of Manner, Adverbs of Degree and

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Interrogative adverbs
18. Adverbs II Understanding Adverbs of Place, Adverbs of Time and Adverbs of

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Frequency
19. Prepositions

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Introduction, Understanding types of Prepositions and using
them in sentences

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20. Conjunctions Introduction, Understanding Conjunctions of Time and
Conjunctions of Reason
21. Reported Speech
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Introduction, Understanding the difference between Direct and
Indirect speech, Rules for changing the reporting verbs from
direct speech to indirect speech
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Revision Test 3 Revision exercises of units 17-21
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22. Comprehension Story comprehension, Poetry comprehension, Factual and

Inferential questions
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23. Story Writing How to develop a story from an outline

24. Article Writing Introduction, format, specimen articles, exercises
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25. Diary Entry Introduction, format, specimen diary entries, exercises

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26. Letter Writing Introduction, format of informal and formal Letters (Leave
application), specimen letters, exercises
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27. Words Learning how to use a Dictionary, Understanding Idioms and

Proverbs, Understanding and learning how to use Anagrams and
S.

make words
28. Listen and Speak Listening to stories/poems and completing exercises, Enacting a
given scene, Developing a story and reading it aloud
©

Listening Text Text for listening exercises

 Wren Book 5

1 Sentences

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A sentence is a group of words which makes
complete sense.

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Note

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Every sentence begins with a capital letter.
A sentence often ends with a full stop (.) or a question mark

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(?) or an exclamation mark (!) depending upon its kind.

Exercise 1
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Put these words in the correct order to make
sentences. Begin each sentence with a capital letter,
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put a full stop or a question mark at the end.
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(a) wants/ice cream/an/the/boy

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__________________________________________________________

(b) to/God/he/every day/prays

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__________________________________________________________

(c) watched/last/night/a/video/we
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__________________________________________________________

(d) Channel 5/the/programme/on/is

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__________________________________________________________
S.

(e) is/flying/the/field/over/the/bird
__________________________________________________________
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(f) a/goal/to/score/Anand/is/going
__________________________________________________________

9
 Wren Book 5

(g) for/school/I/late/was/yesterday
__________________________________________________________

(h) the/world/English/throughout/is/spoken

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__________________________________________________________

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(i) the/Sun/round/the/Earth/goes

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__________________________________________________________

(j) good/honey/your/health/for/is

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__________________________________________________________

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Exercise 2 Make a sentence of your own with each of the
following. One has been done for you.

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(a) the Moon and night
The
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Moon shines at night.
__________________________________________________________

(b) Qutab Minar and Delhi

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__________________________________________________________

(c) birds and nests

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An

__________________________________________________________

(d) dogs and bone

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__________________________________________________________

(e) cat and milk

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__________________________________________________________

(f) Jim and his cat

C

__________________________________________________________
S.

(g) the Sun and the Moon

__________________________________________________________
©

(h) butterfly and wings

__________________________________________________________

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 Wren Book 5

Kinds of sentences: Look at the following groups of sentences.

A revision 1. The Earth goes round the Sun.
Rabbits have short tails.
He uses the Internet every day.
Note

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Ants are always busy.

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A declarative sentence ends Joyita was an intelligent girl.
with a full stop (.).

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An interrogative sentence ends Each of the above sentences says or states
with a question mark (?).
something; it makes a statement. It is called a

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An imperative sentence usually
ends with a full stop (.).
declarative sentence.
An exclamatory sentence ends

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with an exclamation mark (!).
2. Where are you going?
These marks are called Have you seen a cobra?

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punctuation marks. What are you talking about?
Who broke this jug?
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Whose bat is this?

Each of the above sentences asks a question, and

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is, therefore, called an interrogative sentence.
d

3. Stand at ease.
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Speak the truth.

Mind your own business.
Please come tomorrow.
nd

Each of the above sentences expresses a command

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or a request, and is called an imperative sentence.

4. How well she sings!

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How very cold the night is!

S.

What a fool he is!

What a shame!
©

Each of the above sentences expresses strong

feeling, and is called an exclamatory sentence.

11
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 3 Below are some sentences without punctuation

marks. Classify the sentences as Interrogative (In),
Imperative (Im), Exclamatory (E) or Declarative (D).
Put the correct punctuation mark at the end of each
sentence.

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(a) How well she dances _____________________

(b) How many TV channels do

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you have _____________________

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(c) Play the movie again _____________________

(d) The cow is a useful animal

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_____________________

(e) How wonderful the weather is _____________________

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(f) Pass the salt, please _____________________

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(g) What a lovely flower _____________________

(h) Have you paid the phone bill _____________________

C
(i) The dog chased the boy _____________________

(j) Why is she laughing _____________________

d
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(k) What a good idea _____________________

(l) Are you ready to leave _____________________

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(m) Look at those birds _____________________

(n) Where have you put the

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remote control _____________________

(o) Turn the TV down _____________________

C

(p) Please give me the remote _____________________

S.
©

12
 Wren Book 5

2 Subject and
Predicate

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Every sentence comprises two parts—a subject and
a predicate.

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Subject—what (or whom) the sentence is about.

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Predicate—the part that tells something about
the subject.

pa
Note how the following sentences are divided into
subject and predicate.
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Subject Predicate
C
sat down to eat her
Mahi
lunch.
d
An

Cows are grazing in the field.

Akshay and his friends are cycling.

nd

am working on the
I
computer.
ha

Horses gallop.
C

A subject is a noun or a pronoun. It may be just one

word—Mahi, I, or more than one word—Akshay and
S.

his friends.
©

The predicate tells us about the subject’s action. It

may also be one word—gallop, or more—are grazing in
the field.

13

Exercise 1
Note
Command sentences mostly
do not mention the subject.
However it is implied that the
subject is 'You'.
Example: If I shout ‘‘Run’’ to
you, you know what I mean,
and therefore that one word
makes complete sense, and is
a sentence.
So also, ‘Go, Rama’, is a
sentence, because the two
words make complete sense.
In both the cases the subject
is 'you'.
When the predicate
precedes the subject
nd
ha
C
S.
©
14
Wren Book 5
Divide each of the following sentences into subject
(S) and predicate (P). One has been done for you.
(a) Birds (S)/build nest in trees (P).
(b) Your book lies on the desk.
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(c) My new watch keeps good time.
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(d) He goes to the church on Sunday.
(e) I have a garden of my own.
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(f) The poor old woman gets little food.
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(g) A cold wind blew last night.
(h) The foolish crow tried to sing.
ny
(i) The hungry child wept bitterly.
(j) Shirin’s mother is ill.
pa
(k) The old woman looks unhappy.
(l) The little lamb followed Jane everywhere.
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(m) Here come the boys.
(n) Little Hari is the cleverest boy in the class.
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In a sentence generally, subject comes before
predicate. However, sometimes a sentence is
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inverted to lay emphasis on the predicate. In such a
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sentence, the predicate comes before the subject.
Study the following sentences.
(a) Jim sat under the tree.
Under the tree, sat Jim.
__________________________________________________________
(b) The dog came down the stairs.
Down the stairs, came the dog.
__________________________________________________________
(c) Some flowers are in the vase.
In the vase, are some flowers.
__________________________________________________________
(d) Bill said, ‘I am hungry.’
‘I am hungry,’ said Bill.
__________________________________________________________
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 2 Rewrite the sentences changing the order of subjects

and predicates.
(a) Never again will you do that.

d
__________________________________________________________

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(b) Rarely have I eaten better food.
__________________________________________________________

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(c) Hardly ever does he come to class on time.

Li
__________________________________________________________

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(d) Up jumped the frog.

pa
__________________________________________________________

(e) Never have I seen such a mess.

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__________________________________________________________

(f) Scarcely had I stepped out when the telephone

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rang.
__________________________________________________________
d
An

(g) Hardly had I reached the station when the train

departed.
__________________________________________________________
nd

(h) No sooner had she heard the news than she

started crying.
ha

__________________________________________________________
C

(i) Here comes the chief!

S.

__________________________________________________________

(j) In the race remained fifteen cars.

©

__________________________________________________________

15
 Wren Book 5

3 Parts of Speech

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Words are divided into different classes, called parts
of speech, according to their use; that is, according

Li
to the work they do in a sentence. There are eight
parts of speech in English grammar:

ny
• Noun • Adjective • Pronoun
• Verb • Adverb • Preposition

pa
• Conjunction • Interjection
A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place,
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animal or thing; as,
• Akbar was a great king.
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• Kolkata is on the Hooghly river.
• The rose smells sweet.
d

• His courage won him honour.

An

• The tiger is the national animal of India.

An adjective is a word used to add something to the
meaning of a noun; as,
nd

• He is a brave boy.
• There are twenty boys in this class.
ha

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun; as,

• John is absent, because he is ill.
C

• The books are where you left them.

S.

A verb is a word used to express an action, event or

state; as,
©

• The girl wrote a letter to her cousin.

• Mumbai is a big city.
• Iron and copper are useful metals.
16

Note
There is also another class
of words called determiners.
Determiners are words like a,
an, the, this (used as in ‘this
book’), that, these (these bags),
those, every, each, some (some
money), any, my, his, her, one,
two, etc., which determine or
limit the meaning of the words
that follow.
Most determiners (almost
all except a, an and the) are
often treated as adjectives in
traditional grammar.
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©
Wren Book 5
An adverb is a word used to add something to
the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb; as,
• He worked the sum quickly.
d
• This flower is very beautiful.
ite
• She pronounced the word quite correctly.
A preposition is a word used with a noun or a
m
pronoun to show how one noun or pronoun stands
in relation to another noun; as,
Li
• There is a cow in the garden.
ny
• The girl is fond of music.
• A little girl sat under a tree.
pa
A conjunction is a word used to join words or
groups of words; as,
om
• Rama and Hari are cousins.
• I ran fast, but missed the train.
C
An interjection is a word which expresses some
sudden feeling; as,
d
• Hurrah! We have won the game.
• Wow! What a tall building!
To parse a word is to tell what part of speech it is.
Let us parse the words in italics in the following
sentences.
• A crow once stole a big piece of cheese.
• He came after we left.
crow: a noun, because it is a name.
once: an adverb modifying the verb stole, because it
tells us when a crow stole.
stole: a verb, because it says what a crow did.
big: an adjective qualifying the noun piece, because it
goes with the noun piece to describe it.
17
 Wren Book 5

of: a preposition governing the noun cheese, because

it shows the relation between two things, piece and
cheese.
he: a pronoun, because it is used instead of a noun.

d
after: a conjunction, because it joins the sentence

ite
‘He came’ to the sentence ‘we left.’

Exercise 1 Identify which parts of speech are the underlined words.

m
(a) You have to believe in yourself if

Li
you ever expect to be successful
at something. ________________

ny
(b) We first went to the store to buy

pa
a few things. ________________

(c) We had breakfast at a café near

om
the railway station. ________________

(d) My friend wasn't strong enough to

C
lift his heavy rucksack. ________________

(e) I helped him carry the load. ________________

d

(f) The weather was very cold.

An

________________

(g) My friend said, ‘Oh! What a

cold weather!’ ________________
nd

(h) We didn't spend the night there. ________________

ha

(i) We got back home late at night. ________________

(j) However, we didn't go to sleep

C

immediately. ________________
S.

Exercise 2 Read the passage below. Parse the underlined

words and write them in the correct column.
©

Heidi was excited about going to stay with her

grandfather. She was curious to learn more about
her new home. As soon as she reached his house,

18
 Wren Book 5

d
ite
m
Li
ny
pa
om
C
d

she wanted to see the house, its various corners,

An

and where she was going to sleep. She worked with

her grandfather enthusiastically to set up her bed
and went with him to the carpenter to get a chair
nd

built for her. Thus, she was slowly making the home
as her own and leaving her stamp on it. She was
so happy to be living there that she danced in the
ha

evening. She loved playing with her grandfather’s

goats and was eager to sleep in her new bed.
C

Noun Adj Pron Verb Adv Prep Conj Interj

S.
©

19
 Wren Book 5

4 Nouns

d
ite
m
Nouns are names of persons, places, animals or
things. Nouns can be classified into four categories.

Li
Nouns

ny
Common Proper Collective Abstract

pa
Common and Proper nouns
A common noun is a name given in common to
om
every person or thing of the same class or kind; as,
• man • woman • boy
C
• girl • town • country
A proper noun is the special name of a particular
d

person, animal, thing or place; as,

An

• Irfaan • Bosco • The Bible

• Shirin • Pacific • Africa
Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.
nd

Nouns that are both Common and Proper

ha

Look at the following pictures.

C
S.

Sun Moon Earth

©

These are the pictures of the Sun, the Moon and

the Earth. These are used both as common and
proper nouns.
20
 Wren Book 5

Consider the following sentences.

• The Sun is a star.
• The sun’s rays come in through the window.
• The Moon is the Earth’s satellite.

d
• The Earth has two poles.

ite
• I like the smell of fresh earth.
Thus, we write Sun, Moon and Earth beginning with

m
capital letters when we are talking about the star,

Li
satellite and planet respectively.
These are used as common nouns when they are

ny
being referred to in general and not the planets,
stars or satellites.

pa
Abstract Nouns Abstract nouns express state, ideas, concepts,
feelings or qualities that cannot be seen or touched,
om
but can only be felt and experienced.

consciousness, hope, humour, insanity, maturity,

C
State
childhood, manhood, womanhood
d

beauty, bravery, calm, charity, confidence, courage,

An

curiosity, dedication, determination, elegance, enthusiasm,

Qualities
evil, fear, generosity, patience, perseverance, goodness,
honesty, humility, integrity, intelligence, wisdom, wit
nd

Feelings hatred, love, honour, jealousy, kindness, loyalty

ha

Collective Nouns A collective noun denotes a group of individuals; as,

C

• a row of books/houses/trees
• a swarm of ants/ flies/bees
S.

• a pack of wolves
• a bunch of keys/flowers/grapes/bananas
©

• a flight of stairs
• a clump of trees
• an anthology of stories/poems
21
 Wren Book 5

• a cluster of stars/grapes
• a herd of cows/deer/elephants
• a shoal of fish

d
Exercise 1 Read the following passage about Dr Dolittle, the

ite
famous animal doctor. Underline the nouns in
the passage. Then, put them in the appropriate

m
columns in the table given below.
Many, many years ago, there lived a doctor in a little

Li
town called Puddleby-on-the-Marsh. His name was
Dr John Dolittle. All the people in town knew him,

ny
for he was very good at curing people. However, the
only problem was that he liked animals more than

pa
people.
Dr Dolittle had a small house with a large garden.
om
In his garden, he kept all sorts of pets. Of course,
all his pets would find their way into the house.
So there were goldfish in the pond, rabbits in his
C
pantry, white mice in his piano, a squirrel in his
closet, and a hedgehog in his cellar. He even had a
d

cow and an old lame horse. However, his favourite

An

pets were Dab-Dab the duck, Jip the dog, Polynesia

the parrot, and Too-Too the owl.
His sister, Sarah Dolittle, who lived with him and
nd

looked after the house, was quite exasperated.

‘John,’ she complained, ‘these pets of yours make
ha

the house smelly and dirty.’

C

Common Proper Collective Abstract

S.
©

22
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 2 Form abstract nouns from the following common

nouns. Use the suffixes alongside with some
changes in the spellings.

Common Noun Abstract Noun

d
hood

ite
child
ry

m
adult

Li
dom
king

ny
slave

pa
Exercise 3 Form abstract nouns from the following adjectives.

ry
om
Adjective Abstract Noun

brave
dom
C

kind
ness
d

free
An

ty
real
nd

Exercise 4 Form abstract nouns from the following verbs.

ha

Verb Abstract Noun

C

agree
ment
S.

treat
th
pay
©

grow

23
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 5 Here is an incomplete passage. Write appropriate

collective nouns in the blanks and complete it. You
may choose words from the box given below.

flock herd team clump

d
grove brood range

ite
This is Raju’s farm. Beyond the farm we can see a

m
_____________ of mountains. There is a _____________ of

Li
birds flying in the sky. Raju’s son, Uttam is bringing
his _____________ of cows back from the pasture in the

ny
mountains.
A _____________ of sheep is grazing at the foot of the

pa
mountain. Near the barn there is a hen with her
_____________ of chickens. Near the _____________ of trees
om
Raju’s brother is selling mangoes. He bought the
mangoes from the mango _____________ at the foot
C
of the mountain. Raju is ploughing the field with a
_____________ of oxen.
d
An

Pair Work

Underline the nouns in the following sentences and discuss whether they are
nd

common, proper, abstract or collective.

(a) The wind and the sun had a quarrel.
ha

(b) Kolkata is on the banks of the Hooghly.

(c) The Rani of Jhansi showed great courage.
C

(d) Ali gave his sister a great fright.

S.

(e) Our class consists of twenty pupils.

(f) Without health there is no happiness.
©

(g) Our team is better than theirs.

(h) They groped their way through darkness.

24
 Wren Book 5

5 Nouns: Gender

d
ite
m
We know that nouns can be divided into masculine
or feminine genders. Masculine gender represents

Li
males and feminine gender represents females.
Examples:

ny
• prince  princess • boy  girl
• lion  lioness • horse  mare

pa
However, there are two more categories of gender:
Common and Neuter.
om
Common and Neuter gender
Some nouns can be used to refer to both men and
C
women. They belong to the common gender.
Examples:
d

• student • teacher • parent

An

• doctor • driver • cousin

• sibling • child • friend
nd

Some nouns are simply objects, neither male nor

female. They belong to the neuter gender.
ha

Examples:
• table • chair • ball
• room • computer • tree
C

• plants • flowers • fruits

S.

Formation of feminine from masculine

(a) Some feminine nouns are formed from the
©

masculine by adding the suffix -ess (sometimes

with a slight change) or -ine; as,
• poet  poetess • heir  heiress
25
 Wren Book 5

• lion  lioness • prince  princess

• actor  actress • hero  heroine
• emperor  empress
• shepherd  shepherdess

d
(b) Some feminine nouns are formed from the

ite
masculine by changing the prefix, or suffix; as,
• cock-sparrow  hen-sparrow

m
• he-goat  she-goat

Li
• man servant  maid servant
• grandfather  grandmother

ny
• landlord  landlady
• milkman  milkmaid

pa
• billy goat  nanny goat
• bull elephant  cow elephant
om
(c) Many nouns have different words for the
masculine and the feminine; as,
C
• boy  girl • king  queen
• man  woman • gentleman  lady
d

• husband  wife • brother  sister

An

• uncle  aunt • father  mother

• nephew  niece • cock  hen
• horse  mare
nd

• bull  cow
• dog  bitch
ha

Exercise 1 Identify the words if they are masculine (M), feminine

(F), neuter (N) or common (C) gender noun.
C

(a) hunter _____ (b) applicant _____

(c) computer _____ (d) spinster _____
S.

(e) policeman _____ (f) governor _____

(g) heroine _____ (h) son-in-law _____
©

(i) plant _____ (j) apple _____

(k) ice cream _____ (l) butterfly _____
(m) actor _____ (n) baby _____
26
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 2 Rewrite the following sentences by changing the

gender of the nouns. You can take help from the
words alongside.
(a) The mare was chasing the flies away with its tail.
empress

d
__________________________________________________________

ite
nk (b) The ewes walked across the field in a line.
mo

m
__________________________________________________________

Li
e (c) The emperor will arrive in the court shortly.
hors
__________________________________________________________

ny
duck
(d) The dog was sleeping in the kennel.

pa
__________________________________________________________
sheep
(e) The nun is conducting the confession today.
om
__________________________________________________________
re
ma
(f) Is there a drake in your garden?
C

__________________________________________________________
bulls
d

(g) They have a lot of cows in the meadow.

An

princ
ess __________________________________________________________

(h) The heiress was very rich.

nd

bitch __________________________________________________________
ha

r (i) I think she will remain a spinster for the rest of

lo
bache her life.
C

__________________________________________________________
S.

heir (j) Ladies, please do as you seem fit!

gentl __________________________________________________________
©

emen
(k) The prince asked her to leave the palace.
__________________________________________________________

27
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 3 Write down the missing gender in the blanks.

Masculine gender Feminine gender

(a) stepdaughter

d
ite
(b) grandson

(c) ram

m
(d) lass

Li
(e) milkman

ny
(f) peahen

pa
(g) doe
om
(h) postmaster

(i) vixen
C
(j) station-mistress
d

(k) policeman
An

(l) earl

(m) landlady
nd

(n) son-in-law
ha

(o) mare
C
S.
©

28
 Wren Book 5

6 Nouns: Number

d
ite
m
Study the following sentences.
• The boy is writing in his notebook.

Li
• The boys are writing in their notebooks.

ny
Note that the nouns in the first sentence are
singular number, and the nouns in the second

pa
sentence are in plural number. Also, note how verbs
change with number.
om
One needs to follow certain rules while changing the
singular nouns to their plural forms. Study the rules
given below very carefully.
C

(a) For the plural form of most nouns, add ‘s’:

d

• bottle  bottles • cup  cups

An

• car  cars • book  books

• pencil  pencils • desk  desks
• sticker  stickers • window  windows
nd

(b) For nouns that end in ch, x, s, sh or o sounds,

add ‘es’:
ha

• box  boxes • watch  watches

• moss  mosses • bus  buses
C

• brush  brushes • hero  heroes

S.

(c) For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and

add ‘es’:
©

• wolf  wolves • wife  wives

• leaf  leaves • life  lives

29
 Wren Book 5

(d) Nouns that end with a consonant + y, change

to ‘ies’:
• cherry  cherries • fly  flies
• daisy  daisies • activity  activities

d
(e) Nouns that end with a vowel + y, add ‘s’ in the

ite
end:
• day  days • monkey  monkeys

m
• ray  rays • ploy  ploys

Li
(f) A few nouns have the same singular and plural
forms.

ny
• sheep  sheep • deer  deer
• aircraft  aircraft • species  species

pa
(g) Nouns that end in -us, the plural ending is
frequently -i.
om
• cactus  cacti • focus  foci
(h) Nouns that end in -is, the plural ending is -es.
C
• ellipsis  ellipses • analysis  analyses
(i) Nouns that end in -on, the plural ending is -a.
d

• phenomenon  phenomena
An

• criterion  criteria
(j) Nouns that change their spellings:
nd

• tooth  teeth • ox  oxen

• goose  geese • foot  feet
ha

• man  men • mouse  mice

Exercise 1 Write the plural forms of the following nouns.

C

(a) dairy ______________ (b) child ______________

S.

(c) mango ______________ (d) thorn ______________

(e) watch ______________ (f) veto ______________

©

(g) cargo ______________ (h) fish ______________

(i) jeans ______________ (j) sky ______________

30
 Wren Book 5

(k) formula ______________ (l) lie ______________

(m) vortex ______________ (n) volcano ______________

Exercise 2 Tick (✓) the correct form of the noun in each sentence.

d
(a) I have three (child/children).

ite
(b) One (woman/women) sat by my side.
(c) (Baby/Babies) play with bottles as toys.

m
(d) I put two big (potato/potatoes) in the lunch box.

Li
(e) A few men wear (watch/watches).
(f) I put a (book/books) on the desk.

ny
(g) I saw some (mouse/mice) running about.

pa
(h) There are few (bus/buses) on the road today.

Exercise 3
om
In the following sentences change the words in
italics to plural.
(a) The girl brought a glass in a tray.
C
______________ ______________
d

(b) My horse preferred to wear an English saddle.

An

______________ ______________

(c) My cat loved to jump in and out of the basket.

nd

______________ ______________
ha

(d) A man should grow a tree to breathe good air.

______________ ______________
C

(e) I love to wear jeans. ______________

S.

(f) I like fish and rice. ______________ ______________

©

31
 Wren Book 5

7 Adjectives

d
ite
m
Adjectives are words that modify nouns and
pronouns. They tell us what kind of, how much, how

Li
many, what colour, size a noun is. They also tell whose
and which it is.

ny
Depending upon the above, adjectives can be of
various kinds.

pa
Adjectives of Quality
om
Read these sentences.
• Netaji was a great man.
C
• Mother Teresa was a kind woman.
The word great is an adjective which tells what kind of
d

man Netaji was.

An

The word kind is an adjective which tells what kind of

woman Mother Teresa was.
Definition
Adjectives of quality answer
nd

the question ‘Of what kind?’ Adjectives, which tell us

of what kind a person
Exercise 1
ha

or thing is, are called

adjectives of quality.
Underline the adjectives of
C

quality in the following sentences.

(a) The girl has a sweet voice.
S.

(b) I like red roses.

(c) Always drink fresh water.
©

(d) The foolish crow tried to sing.

(e) That boy is naughty.
(f) The black cat caught a small bird.
32
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 2 Write down three sentences in your notebook, each

containing an adjective of quality.

Exercise 3 Underline the adjectives of quality in the following

passage.

d
Long time ago there was a god named Zeus. He had

ite
a son named Hercules. Hercules was a brave and
strong man. He was also very intelligent. Everyone

m
loved him very much. Even as a baby, Hercules was

Li
very strong.
Once, Hercules was given a very difficult task. In a

ny
nearby village, a giant lion was scaring the people.
The giant lion had very sharp teeth. Many hunters

pa
tried to catch it, but failed. Hercules was asked to
go to that village and kill the giant lion.
om
Hercules left for the village. On his way, he met a
man from the village.
‘I will pray that you kill the giant lion and return
C
safely,’ the man said to Hercules.
‘Thank you,’ said Hercules. ‘Wait for me here for
d

thirty days, then you can go on your way.’

An

The man agreed and hoped that Hercules would

win against the giant lion.
A few days passed. Then one day, the man saw
nd

Hercules walking towards

him. He was
ha

wearing the
lion’s fur as a
C

coat!
Once again,
S.

Hercules
proved he
©

was a
strong and
brave man.

33
 Wren Book 5

Adjectives of Read these sentences.

Quantity/Number • A few children ran down the street.
• There are twenty girls in this class.
• Tagore wrote many plays.

d
• Give me some money.

ite
Definition • He does not have much work.
• There is little hope of victory.

m
Adjectives, which tell us how
many or how much are called In the above six sentences, each noun has an

Li
adjectives of quantity or
number.
adjective which tells us how many or how much. These
are adjectives of quantity or number.

ny
Adjectives of quantity/number answer the question
‘How much?’ or ‘How many?’

pa
Exercise 4 Underline the adjectives of quantity/number in the
om
following sentences.
(a) Ayush ate the whole chocolate.
C
(b) Children finished most of the cake.
(c) I have scored hundred marks in math.
d

(d) You have enough time to complete this work.

An

(e) She did the work with little effort.

(f) Ria has bought some new dresses.
nd

(g) The first boy in the row is wearing a red hat.

(h) I have four pet dogs.
ha

Exercise 5 Write down three sentences in your notebook, each

containing an adjective of quantity.
C

Demonstrative Read these sentences.

S.

Adjectives • Can I borrow this video?

• Look at that girl.
©

• I like these dresses.

• Those mangoes are ripe.
• I hate such things.
34

Definition
Adjectives that are used to
modify a noun so that we know
which specific person, place, or
thing is mentioned are called
demonstrative adjectives.
Exercise 6
Interrogative and
Possessive Adjectives
An
nd
ha
Definitions
C
Interrogative adjectives are
adjectives that are used with
S.
nouns to ask questions such as
what, whose, where and which.
Possessive adjectives refer to
©
words which modify a noun by
giving a sense of belonging to a
particular person or thing.
Wren Book 5
It is clear that the adjectives in the above sentences
are used, to point out the thing or person that is
spoken about.
They are demonstrative adjectives as they answer
d
the question ‘Which?’
ite
Underline the demonstrative adjectives in the
m
following sentences.
(a) I don’t like these shirts.
Li
(b) Do you think these boots would fit you?
ny
(c) Is this book the one you want?
(d) Which of these colours do you like?
pa
(e) How do you do this sum?
(f) Whose are those books?
om
(g) Who made this shirt?
(h) I do not like such people.
C
Read these sentences.
• What manner of man is he?
d
• Which book do you want?
• Whose pen is this?
In the above sentences, the adjectives what and which
ask questions.
They are therefore called interrogative adjectives.
Now read these sentences.
• This is my dog.
• That is your dog.
• That is its home.
• Those are their dogs.
In the above sentences, the adjectives my and your
are called possessive adjectives, because they tell
‘Whose’ a thing is.
35
 Wren Book 5

Exercise 7 Underline the interrogative and possessive adjectives

in the following sentences. Write (I) for interrogative
and (P) for possessive sentences.
(a) Don’t sit on my chair. ___________

d
(b) Which is your class? ___________

ite
(c) Which boy has done this? ___________

(d) Who has taken my pencil?

m
___________

(e) Are these their books? ___________

Li
(f) No, they are our books. ___________

ny
(g) What is your name? ___________

(h) Which house is yours? ___________

pa
Exercise 8 Complete the following sentences using an adjective
om
belonging to the categories specified.
(a) We had to take a __________________ route to reach
our destination. (adjective of quality)
C

(b) I have bought __________________ eggs. (numeral

d

adjective)
An

(c) We should be __________________ citizens.

(adjective of quality)
nd

(d) Not __________________ milk is required to prepare

this dish. (adjective of quantity)
ha

(e) When will __________________ photos be ready?

(possessive adjective)
C

(f) boy stole the book.

__________________
(demonstrative adjective)
S.
©

36
 Wren Book 5

Activity

Complete the crossword with the opposites of the adjectives given below.

d
ite
1 2
B G
3

m
A U

Li
4

ny
D

pa
5 6 7
N om Y

T
C
D
d
An

8
T
nd

Down Across
ha

1. fertile 3. bright
2. innocent 4. hot
C

6. even 5. quiet
7. fresh 8. wild
S.
©

37
 Wren Book 5

8 Articles

d
ite
m
Read the following sentences.
• An orange is a citrus fruit.

Li
• An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
• He saw the doctor.

ny
• The Sun rises in the east.

pa
The words the and a (or an) are called articles. The
is called the definite article, because it points out
om
some particular person or things; as,
• He saw the doctor; means some particular doctor.
C
The word a (or an) is called the indefinite article,
because it leaves indefinite the person or thing
d

spoken of; as,

An

• Send for a doctor; that is, any doctor.

• I want a pencil; that is, any pencil.
nd

Use of a, an, the

We use the definite article when it is clear from the
ha

context which person or thing we mean. We use the

indefinite article when it is not clear which one we
C

mean. Let’s see some more examples.

• The postman is coming.
S.

(We know which postman.)

• A postman fell off his bicycle.
(We don’t know which postman. A postman
©

refers to any postman.)

38
 Wren Book 5

• Let’s go to the park.

(refers to the park we usually go to)
• There is a park near Don Bosco School.
(It is not clear which park is meant.)

d
Use of A, An We also use the indefinite article in the sense of one.

ite
Examples:

m
• Wait a minute.
• Give me an axe.

Li
The article an is used before a word beginning with

ny
a vowel sound or a silent h; as, an ass, an enemy, an
inkstand, an office, an orange, an hour, an heir, an

pa
honest man. The article an is used before words like
an Ma, an Mba, an St etc. as they start with a vowel
sound. om
But we say
A European, a university, a union, a one-rupee note
C
because these words begin with a consonant sound
– y or w.
d
An

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.

(a) I have come without _____________ umbrella.
nd

(b) Have you cleaned _____________ windows?

ha

(c) I last met him _____________ year ago.

(d) _____________ earth moves round _____________ sun.
C

(e) _____________ trees are swaying in _____________ wind.

S.

(f) Look at _____________ hill. How high it is!

(g) _____________ crow is cawing.
©

(h) Where is _____________ remote control?

(i) Would you like _____________ orange?
39
 Wren Book 5

(j) Mr Menon is _____________ honest man.

(k) Navneet studies at _____________ State University.
(l) Do you have _____________ one-rupee coin?

d
Use of Definite We use the article the very frequently. We need to

ite
understand when to use the definite article the.
Article The
(a) The definite article the is used when a unique

m
reference is made to the noun.

Li
Example:
• The Moon revolves round the Earth.

ny
(b) When a reference is made to a noun the
second time, you should use the definite article

pa
the before it.
Example: om
• I went to a hotel. The hotel was very clean.
(c) When a singular noun is used to represent a
whole class, the definite article the should be
C
used before it.
d

Example:
An

• The lotus is our national flower.

(d) Use the definite article the before the names
of rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands,
nd

mountain ranges, groups of countries, trains,

ships, aeroplanes, musical instruments and
ha

well-known books.
Example:
C

•  The Ganga flows through the northern part

of India.
S.

(e) Superlative adjectives and ordinal numbers are

always preceded by the definite article the.
©

Example:
• Bachendri Pal is the first Indian woman to
reach the summit of Mount Everest.

40
 Wren Book 5

(f) Before directions, use the definite article the.

Example:
• Nepal is to the north of India.
(g) Use the definite article the before the names

d
of historical buildings and monuments, and

ite
historical events.
Example:

m
•  The Second World War lasted from 1939
to 1945.

Li
(h) When a reference is made to nationalities,
sects, or communities, the is used.

ny
Example:

pa
• The French love cheese.

Exercise 2 Determine whether the is used correctly in the given

om
sentences. Rewrite the sentences if you find a mistake.
(a) The camel is called ‘the ship of the desert’.
C
__________________________________________________________
d

(b) Indians believe in love and the friendship.

An

__________________________________________________________

(c) The Sameer can ride a bicycle.

nd

__________________________________________________________
ha

(d) I read the newspaper every day.

__________________________________________________________
C

(e) Which is the latest movie?

S.

__________________________________________________________

(f) The Atlantic Ocean is between the Europe and

©

the America.
__________________________________________________________

41
 Wren Book 5

Revision Test 1
1. Divide each of the following sentences into subject (S) and predicate (P).

d
(a) Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair.

ite
(b) Old Tubal Cain was a man of might.
(c) There dwelt a miller hale and bold.

m
(d) A barking sound the shepherd hears.

Li
(e) Into the street the Piper stepped.
(f) Under a spreading chestnut-tree the village smithy stands.

ny
(g) The boy stood on the burning deck.
(h) A stranger came one night to Yussouf’s tent.

pa
2. Change these statements into questions and negative sentences.
(a) Ayesha will drive the car.
om
(b) I might go trekking.
(c) You must wear your new dress.
C
(d) I can paint as well as you.
d

(e) The tree could shelter you from rain.

An

(f) I shall go with you for your driving test.

3. Which of the italicised words are nouns, which are verbs and which
are adjectives?
nd

(a) We drink water.

(b) I often water my garden.
ha

(c) Every evening we play cricket.

C

(d) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

(e) Please iron these clothes.
S.

(f) Iron is a useful metal.

(g) The child has caught cold.
©

(h) It is a cold evening.

(i) Few people can keep a secret.
(j) The room has a secret door.
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 Wren Book 5

4. Change the singular nouns to their plural forms in the following sentences.
Note when there are no changes to be made.
(a) The cat killed a mouse.
(b) He has enemies disguised as friends.

d
(c) Mr Mehra is moving the furniture of his house.

ite
(d) The ox is tied with a rope.
(e) The mouse ate all the grain.

m
(f) The geese are flying in the sky.

Li
5. Underline the adjectives in the following sentences, and say what kind of
adjective each one is, and what noun it belongs to.

ny
(a) The poor old woman gets little food.

pa
(b) C V Raman was a great scientist.
(c) I want some money.
(d) Two boys came running from the house.
om
(e) That poor man has few friends.
C
(f) He wastes less time and takes more trouble.
(g) Whose book is this?
d

(h) The movie ‘Titanic’ was a big hit.

An

6. Insert ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’ in the blanks or ‘x’ where there is no article needed.
(a)
_________ rising tide lifts all _________ boats.
nd

(b)
_________ rolling stone gathers no moss.
ha

(c)
_________ leopard does not change his spots.

(d)
_________ cat killed _________ bird.
C

(e)
_________ pen is mightier than _________ sword.
S.

(f)
_________ cuckoo was chirping at _________ daybreak.

(g) Avinash, who is monitor of _________ class, is _________ nice boy.

©

_________

(h) We have not met _________ honest man like him.

43
 Wren Book 5

9 Pronouns I

d
ite
m
Read the following sentences, and carefully note the
words in italics.

Li
• Did I not tell you to be punctual, Ramesh?
• Yes, Sir; but I missed the train.

ny
• Why are you crying? Are you afraid of me?
• We should always speak the truth.

pa
• Let us go out for a walk.
• Where is the chair? Bring it here.
om
• Look at this woman. She appears sad.
• Help her.
C
• The child saw a ball and tried to get it.
d

Definition
An

A pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun.

Exercise 1
nd

Change some of the nouns into pronouns, in the

following.
ha

(a) The girl sang sweetly. The people listened to

the girl. The people liked the girl.
C

(b) These soldiers are wounded. These soldiers

must go to hospital.
S.

(c) A boy saw a mango on the tree. The boy

plucked the mango.
©

(d) Gazal saw Atul. Gazal called out to Atul. Atul

answered Gazal. Gazal and Atul went along
together.
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 Wren Book 5

Personal Pronouns Note the personal pronouns in italics in the

following sentences.
Definition • I know Hari. • Hari knows me.
• We love the child. • The child loves us.
Pronouns that are used to

d
describe a particular person, We observe that:

ite
thing or group of things are
called personal pronouns. • I and we are used as subjects.
Personal pronouns include I, • Me and us are used as objects.

m
you, he, she, it, we and they.
We also observe that:

Li
• I and me are in the singular number.
First person • We and us are in the plural number.

ny
When we talk about
ourselves, our opinions, Exercise 2

pa
and the things that Fill in each blank with I or me.
happen to us, we
generally speak in the (a) Did you ask Abdul or _____________?
om
first person. (b) Sohrab and _____________ went to the station.
(c) Will you let Hari and _____________ go to the
C
cinema?
d

(d) Who is stronger, you or _____________?

An

(e) I bought this bicycle for _____________ not for you.

(f) Sit here between Rama and _____________.
nd

(g) My sister and _____________ had a nice dinner.

(h) Between you and _____________, it is not true.
ha

Exercise 3 Fill in each blank with we or us.

C

(a) Have they done better than _____________ have?

S.

(b) The teacher punished _____________ more than the

other boys.
©

(c) They are richer than _____________ (are).

(d) Mother gave _____________ more mangoes than
she gave to Hari and Shreya.
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 Wren Book 5

Note the personal pronouns, in second person, in

Second person
the following sentences.
The second person
• You are late, Riya. • I will punish you.
point of view belongs to
the person (or people) • You are late, boys. • I will punish you all.

d
being addressed. This is We observe that:

ite
the ‘you’ perspective. • You (in 1 and 3) is used as a subject.
• You (in 2 and 4) is used as an object.

m
We also observe that we use you, whether we speak

Li
to one person or more persons than one.

ny
Note carefully that you always takes a plural verb; as,
• You are mistaken, my boy.

pa
• You are mistaken, my boys.

Third person
om
Note the personal pronouns, in third person, in the
following sentences.
The third person point
• He is ill. I often go to see him.
of view belongs to the
C
person (or people) • She is ill. I often go to see her.
being talked about. The • They have just arrived. I shall call on them.
d

third person pronouns • They called on us. We called on them.

An

include he, him, she, her,

We observe that:
it, they, them.
• He, she and they are used as subjects.
nd

• Him, her and them are used as objects.

ha

Exercise 4 Fill in each blank with personal pronouns. Choose

from the brackets.
C

(a) Where is Simran? I want to see ___________.

(she/her)
S.

(b) They sent for you and ___________. (she/her)

©

(c) Call Sam. I must speak to___________. (he/him)

(d) Tell ___________ to go away. (they/them)

46
 Wren Book 5

(e) We want you and ___________ to go. (she/her)

(f) How do you know ___________ are Italians?
(they/them)
Number Gender The personal pronoun must agree in number and

d
gender with the noun for which it stands. Look at

ite
the sentences below.
Pronouns — he, him are • The boy passed because he worked hard.

m
of masculine gender and
• The girl passed because she worked hard.
singular number; she, her

Li
are of feminine gender • The boys and girls passed because they worked
and singular number; hard.

ny
they, them are of common • As the man approached, I saw him clearly.
gender and plural • As the woman approached, I saw her clearly.

pa
number; it is of neuter • As the children approached, I saw them clearly.
gender and singular • The egg broke because it fell on the floor.
om
number.
• The eggs broke because they fell on the floor.

Exercise 5 Complete the following sentences with personal

C
pronouns in agreement with their nouns.
d

(a) The dog was hungry so I fed ______________.

An

(b) I looked for my camera, but could not find

______________.
nd

(c) When the dog barked at Kashi, ______________

ran as fast as ______________ could.
ha

(d) I have three sisters; ______________ are all good

singers.
C

(e) Abdul met Ali; ______________ talked for an hour.

S.

(f) Zara has a pet dog; ______________ likes to play

with ______________.
©

47
 Wren Book 5

Possessive Read the following sentences and note the words

in italics.
Pronouns
• This pen is John's. It is his.
Definition • Whose car is this? It is ours.

d
• The idea is hers.
Words which show possession

ite
or relationship of a person or In the above sentences, ours, his, hers have been
thing to another person or used to express ownership or possession. They are

m
thing are possessive pronouns. possessive pronouns.

Li
Exercise 6 Circle the correct possessive pronouns from the
given options.

ny
(a) My bag is heavier than (yours/your’s).
(b) These shoes are (my/mine).

Note
Possessive pronouns usually
follow the nouns they refer to.
They never come before the
noun.
pa
(c) This cat is (their/theirs).
om
(d) This phone looks different from (my one/mine).
(e) The house with the yellow windows is (ours/our).
(f) This book is (hers/her).
C
(g) Can I have your pen? (Mine/my) isn’t working.
d

(h) If the house belongs to them, it is (their/theirs).

An

Exercise 7 Replace the personal pronouns with possessive

pronouns.
nd

(a) This book is (you) ______________________.

(b) The ball is (I) ______________________.
ha

Note
(c) The blue car is (we) ______________________.
Apostrophes are not used in
C

possessive pronouns. (d) The ring is (she) ______________________.

Yours ()
(e) We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is
S.

Your’s (✕)
(they) ______________________.
©

(f) The luggage is (he) ______________________.

48
 Wren Book 5

Demonstrative Read these sentences.

Pronouns • This is my house.
• These are some apples.
• That is my school.

d
• Those are totally awesome.

ite
There are five demonstrative pronouns: these, those,
this, that and such.

m
Li
Examine the work done by each word in italics in
the following pairs of sentences.

ny
• This boy is busy with work. (Dem. Adj.)
This is your appointment letter. (Dem. Pron.)

pa
• What is that noise? (Dem. Adj.)
Who was that? (Dem. Pron.)
om
• These are my books; those are yours. (Dem. Pron.)
These books are mine. Those books are yours.
Definition (Dem. Adj.)
C

Demonstrative pronouns focus It will be seen that this, that, these and those, when
d

attention on the nouns that are placed before a noun become demonstrative
replacing.
An

adjectives.

Exercise 8 Underline the demonstrative adjectives and circle

nd

demonstrative pronouns in the following sentences.

(a) No need to fear that.
ha

(b) What is this?

(c) Give me one of those.
C

(d) These mangoes are not ripe.

S.

(e) This parrot speaks English.

(f) This is a very old fort.
©

(g) I taught Zeba that sum.

(h) What is this chair made of?

49