countable and uncountable # ilc"?

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Countable nouns are words like car, book, chair.They are the names of things
that you can count: you can say' one ca/,' two books',' three chairs'.They can be
singular (a cat, one book) or plural (two chairs, lots of books).
Uncountable nouns are words like smoke, rice, water, pefrol. These are things that you
can't count: you can say'smokei but notbnesmeke orltwe+ieed orlthreewatersi
Uncountable nouns are only singular. (For more information, see page 198.)

Singular countable, plural countable or uncountable? Write'SC'(singular countable),

9t m

'PC' (plural countable) or'U' (uncountable) against the words.

bird i9. bottles.P..9.
meat ...... mountains..,... muStc ...... nose......
snow ...... songs ......

We use a/an only before singular countable nouns.

(A/An is a bit like one:you can't say enellouses or oneair.)
SINGULAR COUNTABLE PLURAL COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

a house houses (t{or e*ecres) air (NoT a+eir)

a car carS petrol

Putin o/an or nothing (-).

> Jake's father makes ....-.... films. 5 The police are looking for him with ......... dogs.
) lneed ....?..... new bicycle. 6 got
My room has really big window.
1 I neverdrink.......... milk. 7 That child wants new shoes.
2 Jane is .......... old friend. 8 She was wearing orange skirt.
3 Most cars use .......... petrol. 9 They live in .......... very nice house.
4 I often listen to .......... music. 10 I never have .......... sugar in coffee.

We often use an uncountable noun (without o/on) to say what something is made of.
The walls in the house were all made of gloss. This sweater is mode of silk.

GRAMMAR AND VocABULARY: materials. Put in words from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.

brick cotton glass leather metal plastic silk stone wood wool

) Shoes are made of . .l p

sll p.r .q r. t !.?!t ?.
Y 3 Houses are made of ..............
1 Socks are made of 4 Shirts are made of
2 Cars are made of 5 Tables are made of

We use one instead of a/on when the exact number is important. Compare:
Can lhave o cheese sandwich? (nor @
No, I asked for one sandwich, not two! I only want one sandwich.

; Put in a/an or one.

> She's got ....3.... nice coat. 3 l've got problem. Can you help?
> She's only got ..229... coat. 4 She s only got .......... child.
1 Can lhave .......... boiled egg? 5 John's got .......... beautiful sister.
2 No, I said .......... egg, not two. 6 .......... girlfriend is enough.

ln some answers, both contracted forms (for example I'm, don't) andfull AND THE "153
ARTICLES: A/AN
forms (for example lam, do not) are possible. Normally both are correct.
much and many N*vv rn*rru rruff&i? id*wr r$#ruy f*ru#*;*grrsf
Hll
We use much with singular (uncountable) nouns, and mony wilh plurals.
Do you listen to much music? Do you go to mqny concerts?

@S, Put in much ot mony.

> She doesn't speak ..f*119h......... English.
> Shedoesn't buy ..Y?.*H........ clothes.
1 I haven't got ................... time.
2 Do you play ................... football?
3 There aren't ......... people here. So many worlds,
4 Are there .. Americans in your company? so much to do,
5 We don,t have .......... rain in summer. so little done.
6 ldon't eat................... meat. (AlfredLordrennyson)
7 Have you travelled to ................... countries?
8 We don't watch ................... films.
9 Was there ......... traffic on the road?
10 Not .. tourists visit our town.
1 1 Do you know ......... songs?
'I
2 5he doesn't have .......... trouble with English.
1 3 There aren't ......... birds in the garden.
1 4 She doesn't get ................... money in her new job.
15 There hasn't been .. rain this year.

We use how much with singular (uncountable) nouns, and how mony with plurals.
How much milk do you want? How many languoges are there in the woild?

il* Write the questions. Do you know the answers? (See the bottom of the page.)
) prays/shakespeare/write ..tr.qY.ymanlga:..4.i4.:\r.99:ppq.rg.Y|.LI*.....,...
1 symphonies / Feethoven / write
2 cents / in a dollar are there
3 kilometres / in a mile
4 states / in the USA
5 blood / in a person's body is there
6 air lwe breathe / every minute do we '' '........ '' '.
7 points / you get / for alry in rugby union
8 food / an elephant / eat every day

We can use much and manywithout nouns if the meaning is clear.

'Have you got any money?' 'Not much.' 'How many people were there?' 'Not mony"

Much and many are used mostly in questions and negatives. They are unusual in spoken affirmative (ffi)
sentences. ln an informal style, we prefer expressions like a lot of (see page 174).
'Do you get much snow in winter?' 'Not much, but we get o lot of rain.' (t'tot ... wqe+aueA ram)
'Have you got mony English friends?' 'No, I haven't got many English friends. But I've got a lot of American friends.'
(Nor usuALLY ... t'n" Uut meny *merl )

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lnsomeanswers,bothcontractedforms(forexamplel'm,don'tlandfull DETERMINERS 173

forms (for example lam, do not) are possible. Normally both are correct.