GROUP BIODATA

NAME : ARISSA NAJIHAH BT ABD MAJID @ RAZALI

IC NO. : 970322-11-5482
MATRIC NUMBER: : 2018861756
ADRESS: : NO.4, JALAN SEREMBAN TIGA 2, 70300 SEREMBAN
NEGERI SEMBILAN
EMAIL: : arissarazali14@gmail.com
SPORT: : HOCKEY
MOTTO: : NO GUTS NO GLORY
ASSESSMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN

Low back pain is the pain in the lower back area that can relate to problems with the
lumbar spine. It is as the lower back which start below the ribcage that called the lumbar
region. Basically, low back classified by duration which is acute (pain lasting less than 6
weeks), sub- chronic (6-12 weeks) and chronic than 12 weeks.

Most people have at least one backache in their life. Although this pain or discomfort
can happen anywhere in our back, the most common area affected is the lower back. This is
because the lower back supports most of the body’s weight. Low back pain is the number two
reason that Americans see their health care provider. It is second only to colds and flu. People
will usually first feel back pain just after they lift a heavy object, move suddenly, sit in one
position for a long time or have an injury or accident. Other than that, it is also because of the
obesity, extreme tallness and also people who smoking. In conjunction, cigarette smoking can
decrease the degeneration intervertebral disc. Acute low back pain is most often caused by
sudden injury to the muscle and ligaments supporting the back. The pain may be caused by
muscle spasm or strain or tear in the muscles and ligaments.

Besides that, people who get the low back pain will feel stinging, burning pain that
moves from the low back pain to the back of the thighs, sometimes into the lower legs or feet
that can include numbness or tingling. The majority of lower back pain occurs within the five
vertebrae (known as LI-L5) in the lumbar region, which supports much of the weight of the
upper body. In between the vertebrae sit circular, spongy pads called intervertebral discs that
absorb the shock and protect the spinal column. Ligaments, which are bands of tissue, hold
the vertebrae in place and tendons connect to the spinal cord, sending signals of
communication from the brain all over our bodies and relaying data about sensation and also
pain back to the brain.
MEETING SCHEDULE WITH REHABILITATION STAFF

DATE: 11 JUNE 2019

TIME: 2.00 PM – 6.00 PM
PLACE: SENAWANG PHYSIOTHERAPY & REHAB CENTRE

DESCRIPTION EXPLANATION
- History talking - First thing first, we get the information
how the patient at the rehab center get the
injury and what type of injury mostly
happen to them
- We also get information about their past
medical history such as did they had an
operation or undergo rehabilitation process.

During our meeting at Senawang Physiotherapy and Rehab Centre, we get to know a
lot of equipment that had been used as assessment for patients to treat their injury. The
examples of equipment are parallel bar, traction bed & traction machines, stair up, tense
machines, treadmill, leg press, shoulder wheel and wall ladder. Miss Alifah which is staff at
Senawang Physiotherapy & Rehab Centre had explain to us how use the equipment with the
right technique and show the demonstration to us.

During the visit, Miss Alifah had explained to us about the assessment for the patient.
First thing first, we start to identify the problem of their patients and we also evaluate
whether the patient’s condition is progressing or not by doing that assessment or special test.
The patient at the Senawang Rehab Center had been treat nicely and got a right treatment
based on their injury.

Lastly, after we saw or evaluate all the assessment at the Senawang Rehab Center, we
can conclude that the condition of the patient was improving and had a big progressing from
time to time. We also ask the current condition and the time taken of the patient do the
rehabilitation at the Senawang Rehab Center.

ASSESSMENT AT THE REHAB CENTER

 1. PARALLEL BAR

Figure 1

Figure 2

PARALLER BAR
- Rehabilitation therapists use parallel bars for coordination exercises.  These task-oriented
procedures help people with balance and coordination problems, typically resulting from
strokes or brain trauma.  Patients are required to repeat concise movements that work more
than one joint and muscle.

- Parallel bars can be platform-mounted, floor-mounted, or wall-mounted and can be height

adjustable with electrical and battery power, or with manual manipulation. They are often
used in therapy for individuals recovering from post-surgery, muscle atrophy, illness, disease,
nerve damage, or other disabilities or conditions.
 2. TRACTION BED & TRACTION MACHINES

Figure 3

Figure 4

TRACTION BED & TRACTION MACHINES

- Lumbar traction is the process of applying a stretching force to the lumbar

vertebrae through body weight, weights, and/or pulleys to distract individual joints of the
lumbar spine.
- Lie down on the Saunders Lumbar Traction device so that the lower harness is 1 inch over
the top of your hips.
- Secure the lower harness over you bare skin first. Tighten the belts as snugly as possible
without pain.

- Apply traction using the pump as described in the user’s manual. The desired number of
pounds for the lumbar area is any point between 50 to 150 lb. The desired treatment time is
around 20 to 30 minutes. Comply with the instructions and progression provided by physical
therapist.
3. STAIR UP

Figure 5

Figure 6

STAIR UP
- Training stairs are a great tool for increasing flexibility and improving lower body strength,
providing anaerobic 

Going up stairs with handrail(s)

1. Place hands on each of the rails, facing forward OR place both hands on the rail on
the side of your injured leg or weaker side.
2. Step up with your stronger leg first.
 3. Bring the injured leg or weaker leg up to the same step.
4. Repeat.

Going down stairs with handrail(s)

1. Place hands on each of the rails, facing forward OR place both hands on the rail on
the side of your injured leg or weaker side.
2. Step down with the injured leg or weaker leg first.
3. Bring the stronger leg down to the same step.
4. Repeat.
 4. TENS (TRANS CUTANEOS ELCTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION)
MACHINES

Figure 7

Figure 8

TENS MACHINES

- TENS may be able to help reduce pain and muscle spasms caused by a wide range of
conditions including back pain
- Attach the pads directly to your skin. When the machine is switched on, small electrical
impulses are delivered to the affected area of your body, which you feel as a tingling
sensation.
- The electrical impulses can reduce the pain signals going to the spinal cord and brain,
which may help relieve pain and relax muscles. They may also stimulate the production
of endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers.
 5. TREADMILL

Figure 9

Figure 10

TREADMILL

- The treadmill is a commonly used means of testing and training patients with
cardiopulmonary diseases. There is growing interest in the use of the treadmill also for
rehabilitation of patients with orthopaedic and neurological diseases. 

- The patient will step up on treadmill and push the button that allowed from the staff.
 6. LEG PRESS

Figure 11

Figure 12

LEG PRESS

- Leg Press is an effective machine for exercising all leg muscles. This unit is equipped with
lock mechanisms and isometric strength testing possibility.

- Choose the appropriate weight and set the seat so that the knees are bent just over right
angles.

- Position feet about shoulder width apart.

- Try to push through your heels, keeping the knees lined up over the toes.

-Extend the legs until nearly straight, avoiding locking the knees.

 7. SHOULDER WHEEL

Figure 13

- Shoulder Wheel is just such a mechanism that allows patients to perform resistance
exercises to improve range of motion and relieve pain. The Shoulder Wheel is constructed of
a 37"-diameter steel tube wheel fitted with a resistance mechanism that revolves smoothly
around a drum to provide a varied arc of motion from 10° to 39°.
- By setting the handle to a specific position, resistance is controlled from 0 to the maximum
through a calibrated sensitive resistance mechanism. The Shoulder Wheel is mounted on 3
laminated hardwood boards to easily attach to the wall. The wheel can be adjusted up to a
height of 26" to fit all users.

8. WALL LADDER

Figure 14

-  wall ladder is specifically designed to gradually build strength and bring back flexibility to
your shoulder, fingers, and wrist.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Most importantly, Alhamdullilah and thank to Allah S.W.T offer this chance to
discover valuable lesson in this SPS554 which is Applied Exercise Rehabilitation. In
performing our assignment, we had to take the help of guideline of some respected persons,
who deserve or greatest attitude. The completion of this assignment gives us much pleasure.
We would like to address a big thank to Sir Muhamad Safiq bin Saiful Annur for giving us
the good guidline for assignment throughout numerous consulations.

Basically, our team concist of four person which are two boys and two girls. Our
group member’s name is Arissa Najihah bt Abd Majid @ Razali, Nor Farahain binti Hassan,
Zazwan bin Zalani and Ahmad Muis bin Kasim. We are stronger believe that we can gain lot
of knowledge from this subject that we can use in the future.
We had given an assessment by our beloved lecturer, Si Muhamad Safiq bin Saiful Annur
which is we need to fulfill the requirement of Subject sps554 Applied Exercise
Rehabilitation.
This assignment or assessment is call Report Visit which is we need to visit any Rehab center
in Malaysia. Besides, the aim of this visit is we need to observe and evaluate the
rehabilitation in the rehab center. We also need to do a report based on SOAP which is
Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Planning.

After we had been searching the Rehab Center, we found that Senawang
Physiotherapy & Rehab Centre is a suitable place for our visit. We got to learn a new
experience and got the chance to see how the physiotherapist do a rehab for the patient. We
also got to know all the equipment used for the patients.

By doing this visit, we believe that we can do a good report by SOAP, and this visit
give us many benefits as we can applied in our daily life.