10

4-Methodology

4.1 Indicative strategies and guidelines for formulation of an action

plan for MSWC
To achieve discernible improvements in existing MSWC systems in all the 59
cities, strategies and indicative guidelines have been formulated to enable
preparation of an action plan for effective MSWC. These are presented in this
section.

4.1.2 Collection of waste

Proper work norms suited to local conditions should be adopted with improved
supervision. House-to-house collection by containerized handcart/tricycle as
stipulated in MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 should be initiated in
more residential areas and supported by public awareness campaigns. These
activities will be beneficial in the long term. Additional welfare facilities for
workers engaged in MSWC activities should be provided.

4.2.3 Efficient collection and transportation

Better designed containers for collection should be used instead of assorted types
of RCC/masonry community bins, and their design should be compatible with the
transport vehicle. Additionally, active involvement of citizens will lead to
improved collection efficiency. Initiation of house-to-house collection using PVC
containers for separate collection of wet and dry recyclable components is
necessary. Appropriate vehicle selection, ensuring movement of vehicles along the
planned routes, and adequate maintenance in the workshop will result in higher
productivity.

4.2.4 Minimization of waste

Increased recycling, by the residents themselves or with the assistance of voluntary
agencies, needs to be practiced. This will reduce the quantity of waste to be
transported and disposed of, which will not only be economical but will also
reduce the required landfill volume.
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4.2.5 Processing of waste

For the biodegradable fraction of waste, processing technologies such as
composting and vermicomposting should be adopted. This will reduce the waste
quantity being transported and disposed of at the landfill site, thus reducing the
required capacity of the landfill.
In addition, other technologies can also be adopted, such as incineration, pyrolysis,
RDF, biomethanation, etc. However, such technologies can be attempted only after
ensuring their suitability based on waste composition and economic aspects.

4.2.6 Sanitary landfill for waste

Landfills should have facilities for weighing of solid waste, an approach road,
internal roads, a water supply for workers, facilities for extinguishing fires,
adequate cover material, a compaction facility, a check post for maintenance of
records, leachate collection and treatment, biogas recovery, fencing around
landfills, and a tree plantation provision. A detailed plan should be prepared after
identifying the areas to be filled during different periods, and development of
sanitary landfilling should be initiated. However, city-specific detailed
investigations need to be carried out to evolve an effective MSWM system.

4.2.7 Increased financial provision for MSWM system

Increases in allocation of funds are very much required for MSWM activities in all
cities. The recurring costs on MSWM can be reduced by better control over
operation of the system.

4.2.8 Long-term plans

A long-term plan should be developed based on projections for future solid waste
quantities. Accordingly, the resources required should be estimated, including
collection equipment and implements, vehicles for transportation, maintenance
facilities, and landfill equipment.

4.2.9 Action plan

The above-mentioned strategies are of a general nature. In keeping with the
provisions made under MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, each

municipal agency is
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required to prepare a specific action plan for a particular city considering local
conditions and the specific waste scenario.
Chemical analysis was performed as per standard methods (BIS No. 9234/1979).
The parameters studied were pH, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, loss
on ignition, and calorific value, among others.
Critical analysis of existing MSWM systems comprising collection, storage,
transportation, processing, and disposal was performed in keeping with the
provisions made under MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, and
shortcomings in the systems were identified. With a view to overcoming these
shortcomings, indicative strategies and guidelines for action plan preparation were
formulated. The methodology adopted for the present study is shown in Fig.1

(Gupta, 2001 S.K. Gupta)

Objective
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 Depending upon its composition,incineration reduces the

volume of solid waste to be dispose of by an average of
90%.The weight of solid waste to be dealt with is reduce by 70
to 75%.
 Energy can be recovered from the solid waste up to maximum
limit and by taking cure during the production of solid waste
Environmental society can be protected.

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Management in DevelopingCountries.Indian National Scientific Documentation
Centre, New Delhi, India (1983).
18. Bhoyar et al., 1996 R.V. Bhoyar, S.K. Titus, A.D. Bhide, P. Khanna
Municipal and Solid Waste Management in India.Indian Association of
Environmental Management, 23 (1996).
(Central Pollution Control Board)Management of Municipal Solid Wastes,
New Delhi, India (2002).
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Acidification of Vegetable Waste Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 40 (4)
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21.Gupta, 2001 S.K. Gupta Rethinking Waste Management in India Humanscape

(2001).

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management in india: options and opportunities Resources, Conservastion and
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experience Indian Association of Environmental Management, 27 (1999) 28.
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29.Idris et al., 2004 A. Idris, B. Inane, M.N. Hassan, Overview of waste disposal
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