You must not drink and drive. I shall be in London on Friday.

Obligation,
firm necessity,
I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later.
logical
Intention,
conclusion.
Permission, supposition.
Probability.
if not The ticket will cost about 50€.
prohibition,
supposition Wish, desire,
I can speak five languages. with doubt. will,
MUS confidence,
T
SHAL in the future.
L
Ability, doubt MAY
astonishment, Would you help me please?
permission,
polite request. WILL
The modal verbs
CAN help a sentence Wish (with “to
to have a better like”, polite
meaning thanks request, a habit
WOULD
MIND to its function. of the past

MAP MODAL
SHOULD

VERBS Necessity,
advice, blame,
recommendatio
HAVE n, reproach,
TO
regret.

OUGHT
NEED TO

Unwillingness, You should take your medicine regularly.

USED BE TO
forced
TO circumstances.
(un)
necessity. Moral duty,
insistent I have to stop at a red light. That’s the law.
Repeated advice, strict
Obligation
action in recommendati
arising out of
the past on.
arrangement
or agreement.
You ought to write to your grandmother.
DARIO GAMARRA A.