TASK REPORT

1
 2.4 GHz MICROSTRIP CIRCULAR
PATCH ANTENNA
FOR
WI-FI APPLICATIONS

TASK REPORT

SUBMITTED BY
DARSHAN G (171EC137)

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
SATHYAMANGALAM-638401

JULY 2020

2
 DECLARATION

I affirm that the lab task work titled “Design of 2.45GHz microstrip circular patch antenna
for WI-FI applications” being submitted as the record of original work done by us under
the guidance of Dr. Sampath P, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering.

(Signature of candidate)
Darshan G
171EC137

3
 1. OBJECTIVE

To design a circular microstrip patch antenna which can be used for Wi-Fi
applications.

2. INTRODUCTION
Micro strip antennas have profound applications especially in the field of medical,
military, mobile and satellite communications. Microstrip antennas are very versatile
in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, pattern and impedance at the particular
patch shape. Their utilization has become diverse because of their small size and
light weight. Rapid and cost effective fabrication is especially important when it
comes to the prototyping of antennas for their performance evaluation. As wireless
applications require more and more bandwidth, the demand for wideband antennas
operating at higher frequencies becomes inevitable. Inherently microstrip antennas
have narrow bandwidth and low efficiency and their performance greatly depends
on the substrate parameters i.e. its dielectric constant, uniformity and loss tangent.
The microstrip antennas are mostly a broadside radiator. The position of the feed has
to be changed as before to control the input impedance. The patch, micro strip
transmission line (or input, output pin of coaxial probe), and ground plane are made
of high conductive material. The patch may be in a variety of shapes, but rectangular
and circular are the most common because ease of analysis and fabrication, attractive
radiation characteristics, especially low cross polarization. The patch is designed in
such a way so that its pattern is maximum normal to it. End-fire radiator can also be
chosen by proper mode selection. The microstrip patch consists of a metallic “patch”
on top of the dielectric substrate and below the dielectric material it has ground
plane.

4
 3. PARAMETERS TO DESIGN A PATCH ANTENNA

The three essential parameters for the design of a rectangular microstrip

patch antenna are :
1. Frequency of operation (fr): The resonant frequency of the antenna must
be selected appropriately. The resonant frequency selected
for design is at Wi-Fi that is at 2.45 GHz.
2. Dielectric constant of the substrate (εr): The dielectric material selected for
the design is FR-4 epoxy which has a dielectric constant
of 4.4. A substrate with a high dielectric constant reduces the dimensions of the
antenna.
3. Height of dielectric substrate (h): For the microstrip patch antenna it is
essential that the antenna is not bulky.

4. FORMULATIONS
Theoretical analysis and calculation of Microstrip patch is calculated with
following equations:

5
 5.ALGORITHM AND SIMULATIONS
CIRCULAR ARRAY ANTENNA WITH 6 ELEMENTS:
% Create a circularArray with dipole element.
% Generated by MATLAB(R) 9.8 and Antenna Toolbox 4.2.
% Generated on: 19-Jul-2020 21:18:02

%% Array Properties
%Define Array
arrayObject = circularArray;

arrayObject.NumElements = 6;

%Define Array Elements

Element1 = dipole;
arrayObject.Element = [Element1 ];

% Design array at frequency 2450000000Hz

arrayObject = design(arrayObject,2450000000,Element1);

%% Array Analysis
% Show for circularArray
figure;
show(arrayObject)
% Layout for circularArray
figure;
layout(arrayObject)
% Pattern for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,'Termination',Termination);
% Azimuth for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; azRange = 0:5:360; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,azRange,0,'Termination',Termination);
% Elevation for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; elRange = 0:5:360; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,0,elRange,'Termination',Termination);
% Impedance for circularArray
freqRange = 2205000000:24500000:2695000000;
figure;
impedance(arrayObject, freqRange)
% Sparameters for circularArray
freqRange = 2205000000:24500000:2695000000; RefImpedance = 50;

6
figure;
rfplot(sparameters(arrayObject, freqRange,RefImpedance));
% Azimuth for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000; azRange = 0:5:360; Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject, plotFrequency,azRange,0,'Termination',Termination);
% Element AZ for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;azRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,azRange,0,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element EL for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;elRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,0,elRange,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element Pattern for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element AZ for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;azRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,azRange,0,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element EL for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;elRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [1];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,0,elRange,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element Pattern for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;
elementNumber = [2];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element AZ for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;azRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [2];Termination = 50;
figure;

7
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,azRange,0,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element EL for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;elRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [2];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,0,elRange,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element Pattern for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;
elementNumber = [3];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element AZ for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;azRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [3];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,azRange,0,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)
% Element EL for circularArray
plotFrequency = 2400000000;elRange = 0:5:360;
elementNumber = [3];Termination = 50;
figure;
pattern(arrayObject,
plotFrequency,0,elRange,'ElementNumber',elementNumber,'Termination',Termination)

8
ARRAY DESIGN:

ARRAY LAYOUT DESIGN:

9
DESIGN PARAMETERS IN 3D:

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CIRCULAR ARRAY VS LINEAR ARRAY:

% Radiation pattern of Uniform Circular Array (UCA) and Uniform Linear Array (ULA)
clear all
clc
% define parameters
lambda=1; % wavelength
k=2*pi/lambda; % propagation constant
N=15; % number of antenna elements
delta=0.4*lambda; % spacing between antenna elements
alpha=2*pi/N; % alpha for array
theta_o=[0:pi/20:pi]; % phase difference for input in antenna elements
theta=[-pi:pi/200:pi]; % vary theta in xz plane
% we calculate antenna factor for both array and plot together
% AF for UCA
for n=1:length(theta_o)
AFUCA=zeros(N,length(theta));
for m=1:N
AFUCA(m,:)= exp((j*k*delta/alpha).*(sin(m*alpha+theta)-...
sin(m*alpha+theta_o(n))));
end
AFUCA(n,:)=real(sum(AFUCA,1)); % sum for each thetas
absAFUCA(n,:)=abs(AFUCA(n,:));

21
end
AFULA=zeros(length(theta_o),length(theta));
for n=1:length(theta_o)
% we do not consider exponential term for AF (it represents phase)
AFULA(n,:)=(sin(k*N*(delta/2).*(cos(theta)-cos...
(theta_o(n)))))./(sin(k*(delta/2).*(cos(theta)-cos(theta_o(n)))));
end
figure(1)
%comparision of ULA and UCA for different theta_o
for i=1:length(theta_o)
clf
polar(theta,absAFUCA(i,:),'b')
hold on
polar(theta,AFULA(i,:),'r')
legend('Circular Array','Linear Array')
display(theta_o(i)*180/pi)
pause(3)
end

circular array and linear array with 0degree

then next images will be in the order of 9 multiples

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
 7.CONCLUSION
Microstrip patch antenna arrays of circular shaped radiating elements
were successfully designed and implemented. Through the Analysis of MATLAB
simulation software, it was observed that the antenna resonated at 2.4 GHz
frequency.

33