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Rice Transplanter (Riding Type)

1.1 Introduction
The mechanical rice transplanter is a manually-operated machine which transplants rice
seedlings in rows with a field capacity of 0.45-0.55 ha/day. A seedling mat, cut exactly 20.5 cm wide
by 40 cm long, is used with the transplanter. It is easy to operate and maintain. It measures 146 x 85
x 70 cm (LWH) and weighs 24 kg. It transplants seedlings with a 20 cm row spacing and depth of 1-
3.5 cm. About 3-5 seedlings are transplanted per hill. Seedlings of 14-20 days and reared through the
modified dapog is used. Two persons, one operator, the other as helper, are required to operate the
machine. When planting, the handle is pulled up and pushed down. With each downward stroke, the
picker picks a number of seedlings out of the mat and puts them into the mud. At the upward stroke,
the transplanter is pulled towards the operator. The free wheel is simultaneously actuated to move the
chain. The attached seedling tray then moves horizontally to feed new seedlings into the slot. These
seedlings would be picked at the next stroke.

Figure 1-1. Riding-type Mechanical Rice Transplanter. Image source: https://secureservercdn.net/.


Date accessed: 04/29/2020

1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechanical Rice Transplanter


1.2.1 Advantages
1. Fast and efficient (1–2 ha/d), uses less labor and ensures timely planting.
2. Reduces stress, work load, and health risks.
3. Ensures uniform spacing and plant density.
4. Seedlings recover fast, tiller vigorously, and mature uniformly.
1.2.2 Disadvantages
1. Seedlings must be planted while still young, and this makes machine transplanting a more
suitable method only in irrigated areas.
2. Good nursery management practices are required (Mat nursery & seedling trays).
3. Proper land preparation, land leveling and water management should be there.
5. Fields should be accessible for a smooth entry, exit and tour of machines.
6. Transplanting machines and its maintenance are expensive.
7. Problems in poorly prepared and leveled land, or with poorly designed machines.
8. Need of training on machine operations makes it time consuming and expensive.

1.3 Parts and functions


Figure 1-2. Riding-type Mechanical Rice Transplanter Parts

Steering Wheel - A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel or a hand wheel) is a type


of steering control in transplanter.
Headlight – Serves as the source of light for the Transplanter during night.
Seat – The seat serves to keep the operator during operation.
Main Speed Change Lever – this is to obtain the desired spped for the transplanter operation.
Seedling Tray Hoder - the tray seeds where placed into that during the transplanting.
Bonnet – This is the front part of the transplanter where fuel tank is located.

1.4 Safety and PPE required


1.4.1 Precautions for Safety Operation
The following people are not allowed to operate the transplanter:
1. People who are tired, sick, under the influence of drugs or otherwise not able to
concentrate are not allowed to operate the transplanter.
2. People under the influence of alcohol
3. Pregnant women
4. People under 16 years of age.
1.4.2 Required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The operator and the assistants must be dressed appropriately for operation.

1. Do not wear loose clothing or clothing with laces. Tighten the cuffs. Loose garments are
easily dragged into the machine or catch on operation devices which may lead to an
accident.
2. Wear boots with anti-slipping soles (e.g. safety shoes); otherwise you may slip and fall.
Put on a safety helmet. Do not put a towel around your head, neck or waist. It may be
dragged into the machine and cause an accident.
(a) Safety Helmet (b) Boots
Figure 1-3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Image source:
https://mediacache1.viking-life.com/, https://makeboots.com/. Date accessed:
04/29/2020

1.5 Pre-operation preparation and maintenance


1. When fueling, do not smoke or use open flames for illumination.
2. After fueling, tighten the cover and wipe off the spilled oil; otherwise a fire can occur.
3. When doing an inspection, park the transplanter in a flat and safe area, and turn off the
engine.
4. Install the covers that you removed during checking or disassembling the transplanter to
their original position. If driving with the cover disassembled, your hand may be dragged into
the machine.
5. Clean the transplanter. Any dirt or fuel on the battery, line, sound depressor and engine
may cause a fire or accident.

Do the inspection according to the following order before operating and working.
1.6 Post operation preparation and storage
1. Do not allow open flames or fires when discharging fuel from the machine.
2. Before you cover the transplanter, make sure that the heated parts of the engine have
cooled down. If the machine is still hot, the cover will catch fire and cause an accident.
3. Turn off the engine and apply the parking brake when you lift the planting part or check and
maintain the planting tines and rotor case. Set the hydraulic stop lever to “Stop” and use the rack to
support the planting part so that it does not fall down.
4. Clean the machine on an even and steady surface
1.6.1 Cleaning the machine
1. Wash the machine after operation. Clean the dirt drawn into the rotating parts and dry the
machine. Then, apply oil to the rotating and sliding parts, and apply grease to the rusty parts.

Important
Do not let the engine or electrical devices (e.g. switches, sensors) get in touch with water.
• After cleaning, all engine parts which need oiling should be oiled. If not, the machine may
not work correctly next time it is used.
• Clean the dirt and straws stuck in the rotating parts. If not, the grease seals and bearings
can be damaged.
• Clean the machine in a flat and even place
1.6.1 Storing
If the transplanter is not used for a long time, do an inspection and all necessary adjustments,
then store it according to the following method.
1. Store it in a place that is not exposed to direct sunlight, water or has poor ventilation.
2. Fold the side bumper and use it as a support. Lower the planting part. Set the hydraulic
stop lever to “Stop”.
3. Set the planting lifting lever to “Middle”. Set the main shift lever to “Seedling feed”. Then
pull out the key from the key switch.
4. Remove the battery from the electric system and store it in a dark, well-ventilated place. If
the transplanter is stored with the battery installed, make sure that the terminals of the battery are
disconnected from the battery.
5. Completely fill the fuel tank with oil. Put the cock of the fuel strainer and the water
separator to C (Closed).
1.7 Operation
1.7.1 Starting the engine
Checks and preparation before starting the engine
1. Set the cock of fuel strainer and water separator to “Open”.
2. Set the main shift lever to “Seedling feed”. Set the accelerator lever between
“High speed” and “Low speed”.
Starting and operating the engine
1. Make sure that the parking brake has been set.
2. Put the key into the key switch, and turn it to “ON”.
3. Make sure the preheater pilot lamp turns off, then depress the brake pedal, turn the
key switch to “Start” and the engine starts.
4. After starting the engine, release the key switch and it will return to “ON”
automatically.
5. Set the accelerator lever back to “Low speed”. If the engine has not started within
10 seconds when the key switch is set to “Start”.
1- Set the key switch back to “OFF”.
2- After one minute, set the key switch to “Start”

1.7.2 Warming up the machine


1. Set the parking brake after starting the engine.
2. Make sure that the accelerator lever is set to “Low speed” and decrease the
rotation speed of the engine.
3. Make the engine idle for 5 minutes (to heat the machine).
1.7.3 Stopping the machine
1. Set the main shift lever to “Seedling feed”. Make sure that the accelerator lever is
set to “Low speed”.
2. Set the key switch to “OFF”, and stop the engine.
1.7.4 Turning
1. Move your foot slowly from the speed control pedal to lower the speed.
2. Turn the steering wheel to turn the transplanter.
1.7.5 Parking
1. Move the machine to a flat and safe area.
2. Move your foot from the speed control pedal and apply it slowly to the brake pedal
to stop the machine.
3. Turn off the engine.
4. Depress the brake pedal to the bottom, and set the parking brake lever to “Lock”,
then set the parking brake.
5. Remove the key from the key switch. Releasing the parking brake
1-Step on the brake pedal gently.
2- The parking brake lever will return from “Lock” to “Release” and the
parking brake is released.
1.8 Troubleshooting
When the mechanical parts show any abnormalities, turn off the engine, set the
parking brake and find the cause. If not, you may be dragged into the machine and injured. If
the parts still do not function after taking the recommended measure, contact your dealer.
References:
Yanmar (2014). Rice Transplanter: Operators Manual. Retrieved from:
https://www.yanmar.com/media/en_vn/2016/operationmanual/manual_VP7D25_en.pdf.

UPLB Research Development Extension (2018). Mechanical Rice Transplanter.


Retrieved from: https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/research/our-technologies/article/471-mechanical-
rice-transplanter.

IRRI (n.d). Machine Transplanting. Retrieved from:


http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/crop-establishment/machine-
transplanting.

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