CHAPTER 3 Sewer Design FINAL

Water Supply and Sanitation Development & Rehabilitation Akaki Catchment Wastewater Treatment
Project office & Sewerage System Design

FINAL SEWER DETAIL DESIGN REPORT
Table of Content
3 DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM..............................................................................3-2

3.1 Background......................................................................................................3-2
3.2 Design Criteria.................................................................................................3-3
3.3 Waste watrer estimation and loads......................................................................5
3.4 Sub catchments.................................................................................................3-7
3.4.1 Akaki Catchment........................................................................................3-7
3.4.2 Chefe Catchment............................................................................................3-8
3.5 Design output.................................................................................................3-10
3.5.1 Design output for the two phases...........................................................3-10
3.5.2 Design output for the first phase............................................................3-11
3.6 Crossing structures.........................................................................................3-17
3.7 COST ESTIMATE.........................................................................................3-25
List of Tables
Table 3-1 Peak Factor...................................................................................................3-4
Table 3-2 Average Domestic wastewater Flow (Wastewater Master plan, 2002).......3-4
Table 3-3 Average non-domestic flow and BOD load to WWTW..............................3-4
Table 3-4 Waste water generation for Akaki Catchment.................................................5
Table 3-5 Summary of Total Waste Water Generation................................................3-6
Table 3-6 Waste water Generation in Chefe sub Catchments......................................3-7
Table 3-7 Waste water Generation in Akaki sub Catchments......................................3-7
Table 3-8 Summary of manholes................................................................................3-10
Table 3-9 Summary of Pipes.........................................................................................3-11
Table 3-10 Summary of Manholes for Akaki Catchment.........................................3-13
Table 3-11 Summary of Drop Manholes for Akaki Catchment...............................3-14
Table 3-12 Summary of Pipes for Akaki Catchment................................................3-15
Table 3-13 Summary of Manholes for Chefe Catchment.........................................3-15
Table 3-14 Summary of Drop Manholes for Chefe Catchment................................3-16
Table 3-15 Summary of Pipes for Chefe Catchment................................................3-16
Table 3-16 Proposed Crossing structures.....................................................................3-17
Table 3-17 Sewer lines Cost for Chefe Sub Catchment...........................................3-25
Table 3-18 Sewer lines Cost for Akaki Sub Catchment..........................................3-26
List of Figures
Figure 3-1 Location of Sub Catchments....................................................................3-9
Figure 3-2 Location of selected trunk lines and laterals for phase I........................3-12
Figure 3-3 Sewer Network for Chefe Catchment....................................................3-19
Figure 3-4 Sewer network for Akaki Catchment.....................................................3-20
Figure 3-5 Locations of crossing structures..................................................................3-21
Figure 3-6 Cross section of crossing structures...........................................................3-22
Hywas Engineering Consultants in association with AG Consult , E-mail hywas@ethionet.et

1
3 DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM

3.1 BACKGROUND
The feasibility study considered the following four major waste water collection systems for Akaki
catchment:
- One treatment plant at Akaki with kality overflow,
- One treatment plant at kality without kality overflow,
- Two treatment plant one at Akaki and one at Chefe with kality overflow, and
- Two treatment plant one at Akaki and one at Chefe with out kality.
Provision of two WW treatment plant with out considering kality overflow has been considered as
the most feasible option because of the following reasons from the point of view of waste water
collection system:
a) The Kality catchment overflow can be treated at the existing Kality treatment plant if a
compacted waste water treatment plant is provided upstream to the existing ponds.
Therefore, close to 40 Million birr can be saved by avoiding laying of trunk line with
larger diameter
b) The trunk line that goes from BoleBulbula to Akaki passes through a very dynamic
quarry site making laying of the line very difficult. A new route was selected to bypass
this area. As a result many parts of the area including Berta Real Estate and the new
Addis Ababa University site could not be served with the sewer system. It is, therefore,
decided to split the network in two the following main catchments:
1) Akaki Sub- Catchment and

2) Chefe Sub-Catchment
Detail design has been carried out for the above two main sewer catchments as presented in the
subsequent sections.
2
3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
The design considers the following criteria as design controls as per the approved design criteria:
- Minimum and Maximum velocities of 0.6m/s and 3m/s. The maximum velocity
could not be attained in all sections due to steep topography. In such cases drop
manholes are provided for sewer lines having an average flow velocity of 3m/s.
- Maximum and minimum pipe cover of 0.8m and 5m above pipe in some cases
deeper than 5 meters but not exceeding 6m have been encountered.
- In some sections of the sewer line the minimum cover could not be attained, in
such cases DCI pipe are recommended.
- The following Manning’s formula is used for hydraulic calculation as it is an open
channel flow.
V = 1/n R2/3 S1/2
Where, V is the mean velocity
n is Manning’s coefficient
R is the hydraulic radius, cross-sectional area of flow divided by wetted
perimeter
S is the slope of the sewer
Manning’s Coefficient, n: 0.01 for plastic pipes
0.012 for neat and very smooth cement pipe
0.012 for cast-iron pipe of ordinary roughness
- The ratio of peak to average daily flow for domestic use is as determined from the
Gifft equation:
Pf = 5/P 0.16667 Where P is population in 1000’s

3
Table 3-1 Peak Factor
2020 2030
Population ’000 Pf Population ‘000 pf
761 1.65 1,059 1.56
- Infiltration rate of 0.5 litres/second/km is used
Waste water generation is estimated based on the following tables:
Table 3-2 Average Domestic wastewater Flow (Wastewater Master plan, 2002)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Residence, l/c/d 74 80 88 96 112 118 123
Apartment blocks, l/c/d 64 72 76 84 96 101 106
Table 3-3 Average non-domestic flow and BOD load to WWTW
Average flow to sewer Average BOD load

Type of Non-Domestic (m3/connection/day) (kg/connection/day)
Government, Commercial 2 0.55
Hotels, Hospitals, etc. 50 9
Major industries 200 130
Medium & Small industries 2 1

4
Water Supply and Sanitation Development & Rehabilitation Akaki Catchment Wastewater Treatment Project office
& Sewerage System Design
3.3 WASTE WATRER ESTIMATION AND LOADS

Waste water generation for Akaki Catchment is shown in the following table.
Table 3-4 Waste water generation for Akaki Catchment
Description Unit 2000 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Total population in sewer district pers. 201,668 413,739 538,999 653,340 752,585 841,553
Condominiums pers. 55,432 130,778 179,770 268,710 303,908
Apartment blocks pers. - 3,203 3,883 4,473 5,001
Condominiums + Apartment sum - 55,432 133,981 183,652 273,183 308,910
% 0.00% 13.40% 24.90% 28.10% 36.30% 36.70%
Residences pers. 32,340 52,267 75,259 100,986
% 0.00% 0.00% 6.00% 8.00% 10.00% 12.00%
Sum for house connection pers. - 55,432 166,321 235,920 348,441 409,896
% 0.00% 13.40% 30.90% 36.10% 46.30% 48.70%
hydraulic load m3/day 0 4,213 14,359 23,485 36,472 45,166
Domestic pollution load (BOD) kg/day - 2,494 7,484 10,616 15,680 18,445
Government, Commercial no 800 1,100 1,400 1,700
Non domestic Hotels, hospitals, etc. no 9 15 21 27

no 23 28 33 38
Industry small & medium industry no 676 771 866 961
hydraulic load Non domestic m3/day 8,002 10,092 12,182 14,272
Non domestic Loads pollution load (BOD) non domestic kg/day 4,187 5,151 6,115 7,079
Total Hydraulic load m3/day 4,213 22,361 33,577 48,654 59,438
Total Pollution load kg/d 2,494 11,671 15,767 21,795 25,524
Total WW Generation Population equivalent no 55,422 259,356 350,378 484,333 567,200
Condominium + Apartments pers. 10,517 16,571 22,625 24,887 27,376
% 0% 2.50% 3.10% 3.50% 3% 3%
Residences pers. 17,138 55,344 61,786 83,659 94,793 102,300
Septic tanks % 8.50% 8.50% 7.10% 7.50% 7.20% 6.80%
Pit latrines pers. 103,267 192,415 207,445 258,483 284,463 301,980
On site Sanitation % 51.20% 51.40% 42.80% 44.90% 43.20% 41.20%
No sanitation facility pers. 81,263 100,030 86,877 52,653 -
% 40.30% 24.20% 16.10% 8.10% 0.00% 0.00%
sum for onsite sanitation 201,668 358,306 372,678 417,420 404,144 431,656
Sanitation coverage 59.70% 75.80% 83.90% 91.90% 100% 100%
Hywas Engineering Consultants in association with AG Consult , E-mail hywas@ethionet.et 5

The total waste water which is expected to be generated by the year 2020 and 2030 is 36,526
m3/day and 64,689m3/day. The respective pollution loads and population equivalent are
15,767kg/day, 25,524kg/day, 350,378 pe and 567,200 pe for the years 2020 and 2030.
The hydraulic load contributions from domestic, non domestic and industry connections are 78%,
7% and 15% respectively. The pollution loads contributions from domestic, non domestic and
industry connections are 72%, 5% and 23% respectively. Detail of waste estimate is shown in the
following table.
Table 3-5 Summary of Total Waste Water Generation
LOADS
Classification 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Hydraulic load, 4,8 15,9 26, 41,1 50,4
m3/day 78* 67 423 16 17
Pollution load 2,4 7,4 10, 15,6 18,4
DOMESTIC kg/day 94 84 616 80 45

Hydraulic load, 2,0 2, 3,8 4,7
m3/day 50 950 50 50
Pollution load 5 9 1,1
NON DOMESTIC kg/day 21 740 59 78

Hydraulic load, 5,9 7, 8,3 9,5
m3/day 52 142 32 22
Pollution load 3,6 4, 5,1 5,9
INDUSTRY kg/day 66 411 56 01
Hydraulic load, 4,8 23,9 36, 53,2 64,6

m3/day 78 69 515 98 89
Pollution load 2,4 11,6 15, 21,7 25,5
kg/day 94 71 767 95 24
Population 55, 259, 350, 484, 567,
TOTAL Equivalent 422 356 378 333 200
* Gelan WW Treatment plant is assumed to be commissioned in 2010 which will service for domestic purpose
Chefe catchment contributes 24.2% and Akaki catchment 75.8% of the whole catchment. The
following tables show waste generation from the two sub-catchments.

6
Table 3-6 Waste water Generation in Chefe sub Catchments
AA
Non Industr University
unit Domestic Domestic y Total loads SUM
Total Hydraulic 13,26 15, 738.0
load m3/day 4 234 2,127 786 0 16,524.12
6, 270.0 6,4
Total Pollution load kg/d 4,852 58 1,318 229 0 98.65
Population 107,83 1, 2 138, 6,000.0 144,4
equivalent no 2 289 9,293 414 0 14.39
Table 3-7 Waste water Generation in Akaki sub Catchments
Non AA
Domesti Domesti Universit
unit c c Industry Total y loads SUM
Total Hydraulic 33,28 4, 7, 48, 2,952.0 51,8
load m3/day 4 516 395 903 0 54.88
Total Pollution 13,59 1, 4, 19, 1,080.0 20,3
load kg/d 2 120 583 295 0 75.35
Population 302,05 24, 101, 428, 24,000.0 452,7
equivalent no 4 891 837 786 0 85.61
3.4 SUB CATCHMENTS

3.4.1 Akaki Catchment
Akaki Catchment consists of the following five sub catchments:
a) Lafto Sub Catchment
This subcatchment covers Mekanisa and Lafto areas on the Northern side and extends to the
South after crossing the ring road and ends 1.5km away from the existing Kality Waste Water
Treatment Plant on the South Western direction.
This sub-catchment is characterized by mixed use on the northern side, industry and social service
on the central and southern part. The western part of the catchment is predominantly reserved and
green areas.
b) Kality-West Sub Catchment
This subcatchment covers the south western part of Addis. It consists of kality sub city center,
expansion areas for mixed use, existing industrial areas and green area.
c) Kality East SubCatchment

7
This area covers the remaining part of Kality on the eastern side of Debrezeit road. The land use is
characterized by predominantly mixed use and the existing industries located along Debrezeit
road. Kilinto Industry and the new AA University are located in this sub catchment.
d) Akaki West Sub Catchment
Akaki West Sub catchment includes the whole Akaki town which is predominantly used for mixed
use.
e) Akaki East Sub Catchment
Akaki East Sub Catchment is the south eastern part of Addis that includes the main expansion
area South Addis in which construction of Housing development is commenced.
f) AAU sub catchment
This sub-catchmnet covers Kilinto industry area on the upstream side, new Addis Ababa University
and the near by proposed mixed use and residential area.
3.4.2 Chefe Catchment

Chefe Catchment consists of the following five sub catchments:
a) Bole Bulbula Sub Catchment
Bole Bulbula sub catchment covers Bole area on the Northern side and the whole Bole Bulbula
area. The area is used for mixed use.
b) Saris Sub Catchment

Saris Sub catchment covers the eastern side of Saris bounded by the ring road on the western side
and Akaki River on the Eastern side. The whole area is used for mixed use.
c) Chefe SubCatchment
This sub catchment is located adjacent to the Chefe WW Treatment Plant which is mainly reserved
for Freight terminal and future industrial development.
d) Akaki Sub Catchment

This sub catchment is located on the South Western side Chefe WW Treatment Plant which is
used for mixed use.
The sub catchments are shown in the following figure

8
Figure 3-1 Location of Sub Catchments

9
3.5 DESIGN OUTPUT

3.5.1 Design output for the two phases
Design of sewer system is carried out for the two catchments. The result is summarized in the
following tables. Details of the design output for Peak hour, average and Night flow are attached in
Annex-A of Volume II.
Types and number of manholes proposed for the whole catchments are summarized in Table2.8.
Similarly the Size and Length of pipes for the whole catchments are shown in Tbale2.9
Table 3-8 Summary of manholes
Chefe-Sub Catchment Number of Manholes

Manhole
Type <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5 Total
Circular
393 61 47 29 530
1.0m Dia.
Circular
35 18 13 14 39 39 44 35 237
1.2m Dia.
428 79 60 43 39 39 44 35 767
Akaki Sub-Catchment Number of Manholes
Manhole
<1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5 Total
Type
Circular
556 39 34 27 943
1.0m Dia.
Circular
123 26 20 23 32 25 16 22 332
1.2m Dia.
Rectangular
7 4 1 11 11 7 4 - 99
1.4mx1.2m
Rectangular
0 9 11 2 4 9 12 7 66
1.6m x 1.2m
Rectangular
0 3 1 2 1 3 2 0 1,066
1.9mx1.0m
Total 686 81 67 65 48 44 34 29 1,054
For sections where the velocity exceeds 3m/s, drop manholes have been provided to limit the
velocity to a maximum of 3m/s. Moreover, Drop manholes have been proposed where a hydraulic
jump is created in order to reduce the upstream side velocity.

10
Table 3-9 Summary of Pipes
Section
Size
mm 1,200 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 350 300 250 200
Akaki Sub catchment
Length
(m) 683.0 2142.0 1583.5 1382.0 1715.0 4438.5 10400.5 831.5 5369.5 9067.5 4415.5 27057.5
Total Length for Akaki = 69,086.0
Chefe Sub Catchment
Length
(m 5,808.5 1,170.5 2,881.0 0.0 7,749.0 2,656.0 24,365.5
Total Length for Chefe = 44,630.5
The design result shows that a total of 44.6km is proposed for Chefe Catchment. 6% of the
network is 200mm size the remaining vary from 250 up to 600mm.
Akaki Catchment consist of 69km network with sizes varying from 200mm to 1200mm. 40% of the
network is 200mm size .
The following material types for the sewer lines have been considered.
 UPVC for pipes < 400mm in diameter
 Unreformed Concrete for pipes 500 and 600mm size.
 Reinforced concrete for pipes > 600 mm in diameter
 Ductile Iron as required ( at crossings and when the pies have to be laid on surface)
3.5.2 Design output for the first phase
It is proposed to consider the main trunk line and main laterals to be included in the first phase.
Detail design and tender document preparation have been carried out for theses selected sewer
lines. The selected laterals and trunk lines are shown in Figure2.2. The design outputs are
summarized in the following tables to show the number and type of manholes, number and type of
drop manholes and type and length of pipes.

11
Figure 3-2 Location of selected trunk lines and laterals for phase I

12
Table 3-10 Summary of Manholes for Akaki Catchment
Lafto Subcatchment
Type of Manhole <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
1000 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1200 33 12 11 8 9 8 5 9
SUM 42 12 12 8 9 8 5 9
Kality West Subcatchment

1200 16 8 6 15 7 4 0 0
1400 x 1200 4 3 1 13 12 7 4 1
SUM 20 11 7 28 19 11 4 1
Akaki West Subcatchment

1600 x 1200 0 9 11 2 4 9 12 7
1900 x 1000 0 1 1 2 1 3 2 0
SUM 0 10 12 4 5 12 14 7
AAU Subcatchment
1000 45 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1200 5 1 3 4 5 3 6 3
SUM 50 3 3 4 5 3 6 3
Akaki East Subcatchment

1000 23 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
1200 28 3 5 0 3 2 0 0
SUM 51 3 5 4 3 2 0 0
kality East Subcatchment

1000 28 6 4 2 0 0 0 0
SUM 28 6 4 2 4 0 0 0

13
Table 3-11 Summary of Drop Manholes for Akaki Catchment
Lafto Subcatchment
Incoming pipe size <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
600 0 0 3 3 1 3 0 0
500 0 1 7 1 3 0 1 2
350 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
300 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
SUM 0 1 10 6 6 3 1 2
Kality West Subcatchment
800 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
700 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0
600 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
SUM 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1
kality East Subcatchment
300 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUM 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Akaki East Subcatchment
500 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
200 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
SUM 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Akaki West Subcatchment
900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AAU Subcatchment
500 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
250 0 4 1 1 0 0 1 0
200 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
SUM 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

14
Table 3-12 Summary of Pipes for Akaki Catchment
Lafto Kality West Akaki West AAU Akaki East Kality East
Size, mm Length, m
200 - - - 148.0 2,170.5 -
250 491.0 - - 2,867.0 - 2,261.5
300 99.5 - - - - 546.5
350 - - - - - -
400 92.0 - - 408.0 - 64.0
500 4,218.5 - - 1,935.5 2,498.0 -
600 1,447.5 2,991.0 - - - -
700 - 1,715.0 - - - -
800 - 1,382.0 - - - -
900 - - 1,583.5 - - -
1000 - - 2,142.0 - - -
1200 - - 562.0 - - -
Sum 6,348.5 6,088.0 4,287.5 5,358.5 4,668.5 2,872.0
Table 3-13 Summary of Manholes for Chefe Catchment
Bole Bulbula Subcatchment

D, mm <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
1000 60 12 14 9 - - - -
1200 11 6 3 2 15 6 18 11
71 18 17 11 15 6 18 11
Saris Subcatchment
D, mm <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
1000 45 14 9 9 - - - -
1200 - - - - 5 6 4 3
45 14 9 9 5 6 4 3
Chefe Subcatchment
D, mm <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
1200 21 12 9 14 10 20 12 5
21 12 9 14 10 20 12 5
Akaki Subcatchment
D, mm <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
1000 17 6 4 2 - - - -
1200 - - - - 4 - - -
17 6 4 2 4 - - -

15
Table 3-14 Summary of Drop Manholes for Chefe Catchment
Bole Bulbula Subcatchment, Drop Manhole

Incoming pipe
size <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
200 1 2
250 1 1 1
300 2 3 1 2 3
400 3 2 1
500 1
SUM 0 7 6 3 5 0 3 0
Saris Subcatchment, Drop Manhole
Type of
Manhole <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
200 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
300 1 3 1 3
SUM 1 2 4 2 2 4 1 0
Chefe Subcatchment, Drop Manhole
Type of
Manhole <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
600 3 3 1 2 1
SUM 0 3 0 3 1 2 0 1
Akaki Subcatchment, Drop Manhole
Type of
Manhole <1.5 1.5-2 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3 3 - 3.5 3.5 - 4 4 - 4.5 >4.5
200 1
250 1
400 1 1 1
SUM 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0
Table 3-15 Summary of Pipes for Chefe Catchment
Bole Bulbula Saris Chefe Akaki

Size, mm Length, m
200 312.5 2,063.0 - -
250 1,634.0 - - 563.0
300 4,606.5 2,212.5 - -
350 - - - -
400 1,286.5 - - 1,555.0
500 1,170.5 - - -
600 - - 5,808.5 -
Sum 9,010.0 4,275.5 5,808.5 2,118.0

16
3.6 CROSSING STRUCTURES
Sixteen crossing structures or pipe protection works are proposed in the South Akaki sub-
catchment and four Crossing structures or pipe protection works are also proposed for Chefe sub-
catchment.
Locations of the crossing structures are shown in Figures 3.3 and 3.4 for Akaki and Chfe sub-
catchments respectively. Descriptions of the proposed works are summarized in the following
Table.
Table 3-16 Proposed Crossing structures
No. Name Description

Akaki Sub-Catchment
1 AK-PP-01 Pipe protection with 50cm mass concrete on top of
selected material backfill.
2 AK-CR-01 900mm concrete pipe culvert is proposed for
drainage 5m deep embankment will be constructed
before laying the sewer pipe. Retaining walls are
also proposed on both sides of the embankment.
selected material backfill. 1.8m high retaining walls
are also proposed on both sides.
4 AK-CR-02 24m span steel structure bridge and eight concrete
supports are proposed to cross a river and wide
gorge with a total span of 50m.
5 AK-CR-03 24m span steel structure bridge and six concrete
supports are proposed to cross a river and wide
gorge with a total span of 50m.
selected material backfill. 1m high retaining walls
selected material backfill. 2m high retaining walls

17
No. Name Description

8 AK-CR/PP-04 Seven 4m high concrete supports at three locations
and a total length of 56 m embankment and 2m high
retaining walls are proposed
9 AK/PP-05 An embankment and retailing wall are proposed with

a total height of 1.5 and 119m length.
10 AK-CR-05 Three 6 m high, one 4m high and one 1.5 m high
concrete supports and 24 m span steel structure bride
are proposed. In addition
selected material backfill. 2.5 high retaining walls
Chefe Sub-Catchment
1 CH-CR-01 900mm concrete pipe culvert is proposed for
drainage and around 7.0m deep embankment will
constructed before laying the sewer pipe. Retaining
walls are also proposed on both sides of the
embankment. The total length of the embankment is
100m
2 CH-CR-02 The existing Bole-Bulbula Bridge will be used for
crossing the river > The pipe is proposed to be laid
along the open space between the two lanes. The
pipe is raised by concrete supports varying from
0.96m height at u/s end of bridge to 0m at d/s side of
bridge to attain the required slope and fixed by sheet
metal clamp. The total length of the bridge is 128m.
The pipe follows the same route (i.e. between the
openings of the two lanes) for about 192m before
reaching the bridge.
3 CH-PP-01 Pipe protection with 50cm mass concrete on top of
are also proposed on both sides. Total length is 30m
4 CH-PP-02 Pipe protection with 50cm mass concrete on top of
are also proposed on both sides. Total length is 14m

18
Figure 3-3 Sewer Network for Chefe Catchment

19
Figure 3-4 Sewer network for Akaki Catchment

20
Figure 3-5 Locations of crossing structures

21
Figure 3-6 Cross section of crossing structures

22

23

24
3.7 COST ESTIMATE
Summary of cost for Phase-I construction of manholes and supply and laying of pipes for
the two catchments is shown in the following tables.
Table 3-17 Sewer lines Cost for Chefe Sub Catchment
LOT Description Amount, Birr

LOT 1-a Bole Bulbula Sub catchment 11,427,509.14

LOT 1-b Saris Sub Catchment 4,402,334.20

LOT 1-c Chefe Sub Catchment 9,849,903.30

LOT 1-d Akaki Sub Catchment 2,397,612.40
Total 28,077,359.04
15% VAT 4211603.856
SUM 32,288,962.90
15% Physical and Financial
contingency 4,843,344.43
Grand Total 37,132,307.33

25
Table 3-18 Sewer lines Cost for Akaki Sub Catchment
LOT Description Amount, Birr
LOT 2-a Lafto Sub catchment 13,773,318.55

LOT 2-b Kality West Sub Catchment 15,558,523.27

LOT 2-c Akaki West Sub Catchment 18,989,098.60

LOT 2-d AAU Sub Catchment 6,103,050.44

LOT 2-e Akaki East Sub Catchment 5,056,580.44

LOT 2-f Kality East Sub Catchment 3,381,561.90

Total 62,862,133.20
15% VAT 9429319.98
Sum 72,291,453.18
Physical and Financial
Contingency, 15% 10,843,717.98
Grand Total 83,135,171.16

26

CHAPTER 3 Sewer Design FINAL

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Water Supply and Sanitation Development & Rehabilitation Akaki Catchment Wastewater Treatment

Project office & Sewerage System Design

3 DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM..............................................................................3-2

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3 DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM

1) Akaki Sub- Catchment and

3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA

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Table 3-1 Peak Factor

- Infiltration rate of 0.5 litres/second/km is used

Waste water generation is estimated based on the following tables:

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Table 3-3 Average non-domestic flow and BOD load to WWTW

Average flow to sewer Average BOD load

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3.3 WASTE WATRER ESTIMATION AND LOADS

Table 3-4 Waste water generation for Akaki Catchment

Description Unit 2000 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

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Table 3-5 Summary of Total Waste Water Generation

Hydraulic load, 4,8 23,9 36, 53,2 64,6

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Table 3-6 Waste water Generation in Chefe sub Catchments

Table 3-7 Waste water Generation in Akaki sub Catchments

3.4 SUB CATCHMENTS

a) Lafto Sub Catchment

b) Kality-West Sub Catchment

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d) Akaki West Sub Catchment

3.4.2 Chefe Catchment

a) Bole Bulbula Sub Catchment

b) Saris Sub Catchment

d) Akaki Sub Catchment

The sub catchments are shown in the following figure

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Figure 3-1 Location of Sub Catchments

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3.5 DESIGN OUTPUT

Table 3-8 Summary of manholes

Chefe-Sub Catchment Number of Manholes

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Table 3-9 Summary of Pipes

3.5.2 Design output for the first phase

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Table 3-10 Summary of Manholes for Akaki Catchment

Kality West Subcatchment

Akaki West Subcatchment

Akaki East Subcatchment

kality East Subcatchment

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Table 3-11 Summary of Drop Manholes for Akaki Catchment

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Table 3-12 Summary of Pipes for Akaki Catchment

Table 3-13 Summary of Manholes for Chefe Catchment

Bole Bulbula Subcatchment

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Table 3-14 Summary of Drop Manholes for Chefe Catchment

Bole Bulbula Subcatchment, Drop Manhole

Table 3-15 Summary of Pipes for Chefe Catchment

Bole Bulbula Saris Chefe Akaki

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3.6 CROSSING STRUCTURES