GNS3 - OSPF Lab - Part 2

This is the second of four labs devoted to GNS3 OSPF. In the last lab we completed the initial
configuration of the topology, and created functional backbone area-0. In this lab we will configure the
"secondary" areas (area 10 and 23).

Learning Objectives:
 Configure multi-area
 Basic EIGRP redistribution into OSPF
 Create a Totally NSSA area.

Details of lab:
Routers in this topology are all 3725 models (256MB RAM).
The IOS used is: c3725-adventerprisek9_ivs-mz.124-15.T13.bin.unpacked (uncompressed version).

Task:
1. Configure Fa0 / 1 interface of ABR2 and the interface F0 / 1 ABR3 to be part of the OSPF routing
protocol in area 23.

 ABR2:
ABR2 (config) # router ospf 1
ABR2 (config-router) # network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 23
ABR2 (config-router) # exit
ABR2 (config) #

 ABR3:
ABR3 (config) # router ospf 1
ABR3 (config-router) # router-id 4.4.4.4
ABR3 (config-router) # network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 23
ABR3 (config-router) # exit
ABR3 (config) #

2. Verify that ABR2 ABR3 and have established a relationship of adjacency in the area 23.

show ip ospf neighbors

ABR2 # show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
4.4.4.4 1 FULL / BDR 0:00:39 192.168.23.254 FastEthernet0 / 1
ABR2 #

ABR2 now has one interface in OSPF area 23 and three interfaces in OSPF area 0, which
makes it an ABR (Area Border Router), i.e. a router at the border of two areas.

The delimitation of network areas can reduce the size of the OSPF topology on each
router, which of course greatly reduces the time required to recalculate a route in case
of change in the network.
 Another important point, the ABR (ASBR and which we will discuss later) are the only
points of the network which may have set a summary for OSPF.

First, the area 10 is something of a cul-de-sac for OSPF, which will allow us to define the area as a "stub",
and even "Totally stub" which will avoid the effect of spread of certain information in the OSPF area. In
this case (Totally Stub) it will be the LSA type 3 (Summary) and type 5 (external routes) which will be
blocked.

we'll just have to make a shade that. ASBR will have to redistribute EIGRP routes into OSPF therefore
creating external routes (hence type 5 LSAs), excluding this is not possible in an area "Totally Stub" this
is why we will make it a "Totally NSSA" ( Not So Totally stuby Area ), which has the effect of generating
type 7 LSAs to be propagated them in area 10, which will be converted back to LSA types 5 to pass
through the area 0.

3. Configure Interface S0/2 of ABR1, S0/0 and S0/1 of IR1,and S0/0 of ASBR to be part of the OSPF
routing protocol in area 10.

 ABR1:
ABR1 (config) # interface serial 0/2
ABR1 (config-if) # bandwidth 128
ABR1 (config-if) # exit
ABR1 (config) # router ospf 1
ABR1 (config-router) # network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 10
ABR1 (config-router) # area 10 nssa no-summary
ABR1 (config-router) # exit
ABR1 (config) #

 IR1:
IR1 (config) # interface serial 0/0
IR1 (config-if) # bandwidth 128
IR1 (config-if) # exit
R1 (config) # interface serial 0/1
IR1 (config-if) # bandwidth 128
IR1 (config-if) # exit
IR1 (config) # router ospf 1
IR1 (config-router) # network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 10
IR1 (config-router) # network 192.168.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 10
IR1 (config-router) # area 10 nssa no-summary
IR1 (config-router) # exit
IR1 (config) #

 ASBR:
ASBR (config) # interface serial 0/0
ASBR (config-if) # bandwidth 128
ASBR (config-if) # exit
ASBR (config) # router ospf 1
ASBR (config-router) # router-id 7.7.7.7
 ASBR (config-router) # network 192.168.10.4 0.0.0.3 area 10
ASBR (config-router) # area 10 nssa no-summar y
ASBR (config-router) # redistribute eigrp 100 subnets metric 1 metric-type 1
ASBR (config-router) # exit
ASBR (config) #

When configuring an area as "stub" (or totally stub etc.), it must be done on all routers in the
area, otherwise the adjacency will end and the roads will no longer be exchanged.

The EIGRP redistribution into OSPF uses three options here:

subnets : force OSPF to redistribute subnets, otherwise OSPF announce the class-full networks
from redistribution.
1 metric : the metric defined basic redistributed routes 1 (I took as a road base for a
FastEthernet network)
metric-type 1 : Distributed defined as type E1 routes, which will each router adds its own cost to
the metric of the route by putting it in its routing table, unlike a road with E2 metric is constant
anywhere in the network.

4. Verify the following:

Show ip route (on BBR1)

BBR1> sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

192.168.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

O IA 192.168.10.0 [110/782] via 10.0.0.3, 0:29:02, FastEthernet0 / 0
O IA 192.168.10.4 [110/1563] via 10.0.0.3, 0:12:18, FastEthernet0 / 0
10.0.0.0 / 8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.0.1.8/30 [110/782] via 10.0.0.3, 0:31:06, FastEthernet0 / 0
[110/782] via 10.0.0.2, 0:31:06, FastEthernet0 / 0
O 10.0.1.12/30 [110/782] via 10.0.0.4, 0:30:55, FastEthernet0 / 0
[110/782] via 10.0.0.2, 0:31:06, FastEthernet0 / 0
C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0 / 0
C 10.0.1.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0 / 0
C 10.0.1.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0 / 1
O IA 192.168.23.0/24 [110/11] via 10.0.0.4, 0:31:06, FastEthernet0 / 0
O E1 192.168.100.0/24 [110/1564] via 10.0.0.3, 0:09:19, FastEthernet0 / 0
BBR1>

BBR1 has learned the paths of the area 10 and the redistributed from EIGRP .
5. Let us now analyze the effect of Totally NSSA area ...

show ip route on R1

R1 # sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

192.168.10.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 192.168.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0 / 0
C 192.168.10.4 is directly connected, Serial0 / 1
N1 O 192.168.100.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.10.6, 0:13:08, Serial0 / 1
O * IA 0.0.0.0 / 0 [110/782] via 192.168.10.1, 0:16:08, Serial0 / 0
R1 #

A default route! Oh yeah ... this is the main area of a Totally Stub effect. Since type 3 LSAs are
not propagated into the area Totally Stub (those that indicate the inter-area routes), we must
replace them ... and what better way than by default? ABR1 is the exit point to the default area
10, which corresponds perfectly to the topology. The result is also visible on R1 in the OSPF
database.

show ip ospf database

R1 # sh ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (6.6.6.6) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 10)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1566 0x80000004 0x00D417 2
6.6.6.6 6.6.6.6 1418 0x80000007 0x00A5ED 4
7.7.7.7 7.7.7.7 1402 0x80000003 0x00F4C7 2

Summary Net Link States (Area 10)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 1566 0x80000001 0x00FC31

Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 10)

 Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum Tag
192.168.100.0 7.7.7.7 1381 0x80000003 0x003F85 0
R1 #

We see here that 2.2.2.2 (ABR1) announces a default network (0.0.0.0) . The summary only
present in the database while in a area "normal" there would be at least one a remote area.

In addition, given that we are in a stub area, the type 5 LSAs are blocked (LSAs indicating roads
from a redistribution). Here, as we have defined in the NSSA area, the type 5 LSAs are replaced
by Type 7 (simple device to circumvent the rule). These LSAs are prpagés ABR1 to reconvert it
into the type 5 LSA in area 0.

show ip ospf database on BBR1

BBR1 # sh ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1052 0x80000004 0x005CF1 5
2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 87 0x80000006 0x001819 5
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 1248 0x80000009 0x00DF37 5
5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 1042 0x80000005 0x002BE0 5

Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum

10.0.0.4 3.3.3.3 1248 0x80000004 0x005D8B

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum

192.168.10.0 2.2.2.2 1079 0x80000002 0x00B6FC
2.2.2.2 192.168.10.4 87 0x80000002 0x002C73
192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 220 0x80000003 0x00DFC4

Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq # Checksum Tag

192.168.100.0 2.2.2.2 1751 0x80000003 0 0x006A78
BBR1 #

The area 0 is a standard area (it cannot be otherwise), we find here a type 5 LSA for the route
redistributed. Also note that we can see here there are so many summaries there are networks
in other areas, these being advertised as LSA type 3 by ABRs.
This completes the second lab, the configuration of OSPF area 23 and the Not So Totally stuby Area 10.
At this point we have a functional backbone area 0 and two secondary areas 10 and 23 with area 10
being a Not So Totally stuby Area. We also have EIGRP being redistributed into OSPF.