Experiment No.

Calorimetry

De Juan, Jarell P.

CM011L-EO1

INTRODUCTION

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical
process. For example, when an exothermic reaction occurs in solution in a calorimeter, the heat
produced by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, which increases its temperature. When an
endothermic reaction occurs, the heat required is absorbed from the thermal energy of the
solution, which decreases its temperature. The temperature change, along with the specific heat
and mass of the solution, can then be used to calculate the amount of heat involved in either case.

Objectives:
The objective is to verify heat flow equations, calculate the specific heat of a material using
laboratory data, calculate the energy of a phase change using laboratory data, and use units and
dimensional analysis to aid in unfamiliar calculations

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Chemicals

Part A.
The chemicals used in Part A. are water and cadmium metal.

Part B.
The chemicals used in this part are Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrogen Chloride (HCl).

Part C.
The chemicals used in this part are salt and water.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Part A. Specific Heat of Metal

Initial T Final T Mass

Water 22.0 Celsius 25. Celsius 100.0 g
Cd 100.0 Celsius 25.0 Celsius 58.953 g
Calculations:
𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 → 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 → 𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (100.0𝑔)(4.184 )(25.0℃ − 22.0℃)
𝑔℃
=1255.2 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑞 1255 .2 𝐽 𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 → 𝑐𝐶𝑑 = 𝑚 ∆𝑇 → 𝑐𝐶𝑑 = (58.953𝑔 )(100 .0℃−25.0℃) → 𝑐𝐶𝑑 = 2.84 × 10−1 𝑔𝐶

Part B. Heat of Neutralization

Chemicals Volume Initial temperature Final Temperature

HCl 50 mL 21.1℃ 27.6℃
NaOH 49.5 mL 21.8℃ 27.6℃

Calculations:
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 .𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 +𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 .𝐻𝐶𝑙
Average of the Initial temperature: = 21.45℃
2
Specific Heat of Solution: 3.87 J/g℃
Volume: 49.5 mL + 50.0 mL = 99.5 mL

1. Exact Volume of Solution = exact volume of NaOH + exact volume of HCl

= 49.5 mL + 50.0 mL = 99.5 mL

2. Mass of Solution = Density of Solution + volume of solution

𝑔
Mass of Solution = 1.04 𝑚𝐿 (99.5 𝑚𝐿) = 103.48 g

3. ∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 27.6℃ − 21.45℃ = 6.15℃

𝐽
4. 𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 = (103.48𝑔)(3.87 𝑔℃)(6.15℃) → 𝑞 = 2462.88 J
Conclusion

In this experiment, calorimeter was not completely isolated and heated was lost also before
the hot water was poured into calorimeter and the room temperature (air-conditioned) is the one
which affects the values of our results. Meanwhile, in the experiment determining the specific
heat of metals, we got higher percentage errors these are due to heat loss to the surroundings
while we are trying to transfer the hot metal objects, boiling point of metals are too long, room
temperature, and apparatuses. However, we can conclude that the specific heat of metals is lower
than the specific heat of water.

Acknowledgements
We give our gratitude to the following channel for giving us a better understanding in doing the
experiment and the concept that is the subject of this experiment: North Carolina School of
Science and Mathematics, Joanna Blanchard, 100patoms

References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gHFaL2990U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZuU8BGj3uY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGTPBw5mTH0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7DL8n6yisA