BCH3ATB Lecture Topic: Organelle Biogenesis

Overview

This lecture series covers aspects of organelle biogenesis and how they come together to form a complete fully
functional cell. The initial lectures cover the cell cycle and its regulation. Topics then progress through protein
targeting, folding and unfolded protein responses, with the final lectures focusing on microfilaments and
microtubules.

The overall learning outcomes are:

• To understand the basic principles that underpin cellular and organellar biogenesis
• To appreciate the various roles that proteins can play in cellular function
• To gain an understanding of approaches that can be used to study protein-protein interactions and
uncover protein function in cells
• To appreciate the complexity of cellular compartmentalisation and the co-ordination of signalling
pathways
Notes

This lecture topic has a separate tutorial where exam relevant questions are worked through with the students to
use as a study aid. This topic is examined in the end of semester exam.

Title Intended Learning Outcomes References and Resources

Lecture 1 • To revise the differences between prokaryotes and

eukaryotes (at the structure level)
Cellular and Organelle
• To understand that organelles/compartments in
Biogenesis the cell are required to deal with the ‘solvent crisis’
• Describe organisation, function and inheritance of
eukaryotic organelles.
Lecture 2 • To explain the basic cell cycle Chapter 21 from “Molecular
• To understand that alterations in the cell cycle can Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
The Eukaryotic Cell 8th Ed.
result in cancer
Cycle and Stem Cells
• To explain the role of stem cells in the body and
how differentiation ultimately results in specified
functions for the varied cell types, using the
intestinal stem cells as an example
Lecture 3 • To describe the stages of the cell cycle (in Chapter 19 from “Molecular
eukaryotes and yeast), and the underlying Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
Cell Cycle molecular mechanisms that occur at each stage 8th Ed.
(eukaryotes)
• To describe, using examples, how cyclin and cyclin-
dependent kinases were discovered, how they
control the cell cycle and how this is crucial for
cellular division
• To explain, using examples, how post-translational
protein modification (such as protein
phosphorylation & degradation) contribute to cell
cycle progression
Lecture 4 • To discuss major processes that regulates the Chapter 19 from “Molecular
cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
Regulating the Cell • To describe the irreversibly committed stage of 8th Ed.
Cycle cell division, and the underlying molecular
mechanisms
• Use retinoblastoma protein as an example to
describe cell cycle progression and cancerous
alterations
Lecture 5 • To describe the specificity of protein targeting Chapter 13 from “Molecular
(signal sequences) Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
Protein Targeting to • To discuss how the aggregation of preprotein is 8th Ed.
the ER avoided in the cytosol by protein-sorting
• To describe co-translational translocation via the
signal recognition particle
Lecture 6 • To describe how proteins are inserted into the Chapter 13 from “Molecular
membrane of the ER Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
Protein Targeting and 8th Ed.
• To understand protein modifications in the ER such
Folding in the ER
as glycosylation, disulphide bonds, multimeric
folding and assembly
• To describe the need for correct protein folding.
• To describe the role of chaperones within the cell,
specifically HSPs, BiP and calnexin
• To describe the shock responses experienced by
cells, e.g. the heat shock response, and how the
cell deals with these stressors
Lecture 7 • To understand how proteins get from the ER to the Chapter 14 from “Molecular
plasma membrane or are secreted, or alternatively Cell Biology” by Lodish et al.
Vesicular Traffic, how they remain in the ER 8th Ed.
Secretion and • To understand the secretory and endocytic
Endocytosis pathways of protein sorting
• To understand how vesicles dock on target
membranes, the role of vesicle coats and how
vesicles undergo budding and fusion
 • To understand retrograde transport from the Golgi
to the ER, vesicle-mediated protein trafficking from
the Golgi and lysosomal sorting signals
Lecture 8 • To discuss the components and purpose of the
unfolded protein response (UPR) and the key
ER UPR proteins involved
• To describe the endoplasmic reticulum associated
degradation (ERAD) process
• To understand briefly how and why apoptosis
occurs