Puerto Galera Academy

Poblacion, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro

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COMMENCEMENT
Prayer:

Heavenly Father, I thank You for the gift of life, I humbly

asking for Your forgiveness. Give me a keen desire to study and
may I grasp all the lessons correctly. Let Your spirit be with me
always. Above all, I thank You for the ability to be able to continue
my study despite this pandemic. I ask this through Lord Jesus
Christ, The source of all wisdom, AMEN.

Content Standard: The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the
elements and contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions.

Performance Standard: The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding

and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine literature from the regions through:
1. A written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of
form and theme, with a description of its context derived from research; and
2. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an
adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to identify:
a. the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history
from pre-colonial to the contemporary

Learning Targets
Recall the Philippine literary history from precolonial to contemporary
Identify representative texts, genres, and authors from pre-colonial to
contemporary literature
Value the contributions of local cultures to the development of regional literary
traditions
Compose close analysis and critical interpretation of literary text from pre-
colonial to contemporary.

TIME FRAME: 2 WEEKS

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Poblacion, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro
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ACTIVATION

Think of any word/s related to literature from its acrostic word.

L-

I-

T-

E-

R-

A-

T-

U-

R-

E-

Literature is any collection of written work. It refers to writing

considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have artistic or
intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from
ordinary usage.

To understand our literature as it is now and where it is headed, we must

first trace its past. By appreciating how Philippine literature has evolved
throughout the centuries, we shall realize why we have come to explore
certain themes and to craft certain genres. We shall also gain a sense of
national pride as we uncover the richness of literature in the Motherland.

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Poblacion, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro
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References: Catayong MJ C.et.al (2017).English Learning Portals pp.18-23.

1. Pre Colonial Period (BC-1564)

In pre-colonial times, ORAL TRANSMISSION was the primary means of
communicating and preserving Philippine literature.
A. RIDDLE- this relied on talinghaga or metaphor that is a guessing game of
objects represented by other objects. The greatest number of recorded riddles
belonged to the Tagalog named “bugtong”.
B. PROVERBS- these are more serious because they were intended to teach
values. This is also known as kasabihan in Tagalog.
C. EPICS- these were on the opposite end of the riddles and proverbs. Epics
featured local heroes taking on various adventures. The popular epic examples
include the Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang.
D. MYTHS- these served to explain how the world was created in different
versions such as: the world was created by a bird, a couple who started the
lineage of man; and a conflict between the sea and the sky.
E. LEGENDS- these consist of a narrative featuring human actions perceived or
believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history.
This genre may demonstrate human values, and possess certain qualities.
F. FABLES- these were short tales that usually highlighted animals that they
were meant to teach lessons. Popular examples are “The Monkey and the
Crocodile” and “The Horse and the Carabao.”
G. LULLABIES- these existed for the sake of putting infants at ease. Names for
the lullaby included oyayi in Tagalog and andang by the Aeta.

2. SPANISH PERIOD (BC-1564)

The arrival of the Spaniards signaled the transition to written literature.
Since, we were colonized by the Spanish for almost three decades, we were
influenced by their religious literature. The first book printed in the Philippines
was the Doctrina Christiana- a prayer book that has both Spanish and
Tagalog texts.
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
A. PASYON- it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death of
Jesus Christ.
B. CENAKULO- it is the re-enactment of the pasyon.
NON-RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
C. AWIT- these are tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess. Florante
at Laura is a popular example.

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D. KORIDO- it is a metrical tale or a tale that follows the structure of a poem.

There are famous literary works during Spanish times, some of these are the
novels of Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as Mi
Ultimo Adios.

3. AMERICAN PERIOD (BC-1564)

When the American colonizers arrived, they brought another ground-
breaking cultural milestone: the English language. As Philippine writers explored
the new tongue, they also came to appreciate the new styles and genres of
writing that the Americans brought.
FORMS OF LITERATURE
A. NOVEL- a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing
character and action with some degree of realism.
B. SHORT STORY- a story with a fully developed theme but significantly shorter
and less elaborate than a novel.
C. POEM- a collection of spoken or written words that expresses ideas or
emotions in a powerfully vivid and imaginative style. A poem is comprised of a
particular rhythmic and metrical pattern.
D. ESSAY- a short piece of writing on a particular subject.
NOVEL  “WALANG SUGAT” by Severino Reyes
 “BANAAG at SIKAT” by Lope K. Santos

SHORT  “DEAD STARS” by Paz Marquez Benitez

STORY  “HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE” by Manuel Arguilla
POEM  “AKO ANG DAIGDIG” by Alejandro G. Abadilla
 “AZUCENA” by Marcelo de Gracia

ESSAY  “LIFE AND SUCCESS by Zoilo Galang (The first Philippine book of essay
 LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez
NEWSPAPER  EL NUEVO DIA by Sergio Osmena
 EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO by Pascual Poblete

E. NEWSPAPER-a printed publication (usually issued daily or weekly)

consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, feature articles,
advertisements, and correspondence.

4. Japanese Period(1900-1942)
Despite the outbreak of World War II, Philippine literature endured. The
voices of our writers would not be silenced, even in the face of chaos and
destruction.
Three types of poem emerged during this period.

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A. HAIKU- a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked. It is made up of

seventeen (17) syllables divided into three (3) lines. The first line has five, the
second-seven and the third- five. It is allegorical in meaning, short and covers a
wide scope in meaning.
B. TANKA- is a thirty-one-syllable poem, traditionally written in a single
unbroken line. A form of waka, Japanese song or verse, tanka translates as
"short song," and is better known in its five-line, 5/7/5/7/7 syllable count form.
C. KARANIWANG ANYO (USUAL FORM) - the usual and common form of
poetry.
FILIPINO DRAMA DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD
The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie
houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just
made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English
plays to Tagalog.
A few of playwriters were:
1. Jose Ma. Hernandez PANDAY PIRA
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo SA PULA, SA PUTI
3. Clodualdo del Mundo BULAGA (an expression in the game Hide and
Seek
4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, HIGNATE
NG PATAY
4. Contemporary Literature Period (1946-1970)
“THE REBIRTH OF THE FREEDOM”
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most
themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under
the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits.
Filipino Poetry during contemporary period
A. PLAY- the government led in reviving old plays ad dramas, like the Tagalog
Zarzuela, Cenakulo and the Embayoka of the Muslims which were presented
in the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural
Center of the Philippines.
B. RADIO and TELEVISION- radio continued to patronize during this period.
The play series like “Si Matar,
Dahlia, Ito ang Palad Ko, and Mr. Lonely” were the forms of recreation of
those without television.
C. FILIPINO FILMS- a yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Pilipino(Filipino Film
Festival)
Examples are:

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 MAYNILA.. SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG written by Edgardo Reyes

and filmed under the direction of Lino Brocka. Bembol Roco was the lead
role
 MINSA’Y ISANG GAMU-GAMO; Nora Aunor was the principal performer
here
 GANITO KAMI NOON.. PAANO KAYO NGAYON: led by Christopher de
Leon and Gloria Diaz
 INSIANG: by Hilda Koronel
 AGUILA: led by Fernando Poe Jr., Jay Ilagan and Christopher de Leon
Today, Philippine literature is highly dynamic and colorfully diverse.

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Poblacion, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro
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Name:_________________________________Grade/Score:_________________________
Grade and Section:______________________ Date:_______________________________
Subject (Check or choose from below)
Religion/ Values Education Filipino TLE/ICT
Natural Sciences English MAPEH
Araling Panlipunan Math CAdT
Type of Activity (check or choose from below)
___________________________________
Concept Notes Laboratory Report Formal Theme
Others:____________
Skills: Exercise/ Drill Illustration Informal Theme

Activity Title: PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY

Learning Target: Recall the Philippine literary history from precolonial to contemporary
References: Catayong MJ C.et.al (2017).English Learning Portals pp.18-23.

EXERCISES: Do the following exercices in your paper.

1. Provide at least 2 examples of each form of literature from PRE-COLONIAL

PERIOD. If you are not familiar, you may search for examples or you may ask
from someone older in your home or in your place.

2. Identify one characteristic of each period that makes it unique from other
periods and also their similarities.

SPANISH AMERICAN
PERIOD PERIOD

3. Choose among the three (3) types of poem emerged during JAPANESE
PERIOD and create one about your thoughts and realizations in this pandemic.

4.

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