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 For all Agricultural, Medical, Pharmacy and Engineering Entrance Examinations held across India.

Absolute

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NEET – UG & JEE (Main)

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PHYSICS Vol. I

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Salient Features

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• Exhaustive coverage of MCQs subtopic wise.
• ‘4039’ MCQs including questions from various competitive exams.
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• Includes solved MCQs from NEET-UG, JEE (Main), MHT-CET and
various entrance examinations from year 2015 to 2018.
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• Various competitive exam questions are exclusively covered.
• Concise theory for every topic.
• Hints provided wherever relevant.
• Topic test at the end of each chapter.
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• Important inclusions: Knowledge bank and Googly questions.

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Solutions/hints to Topic Test available in downloadable PDF format at

www.targetpublications.org/tp12870
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Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Navi Mumbai

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P.O. No. 133970

TEID: 12870_JUP
 PREFACE
Target’s “Absolute Physics Vol - I” is compiled according to the notified syllabus for NEET-UG &
JEE (Main), which in turn has been framed after reviewing various state syllabi as well as the ones prepared
by CBSE, NCERT and COBSE.
The book comprises of a comprehensive coverage of Theoretical Concepts & Multiple Choice Questions.
The flow of content & MCQ’s is planned keeping in mind the weightage given to a topic as per the
NEET-UG & JEE (Main) exam.

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MCQs in each chapter are a mix of questions based on high order thinking, theory, numerical, graphical,
multiple concepts. The level of difficulty of the questions is at par with that of various competitive
examinations like CPMT, JEE, AIEEE, TS EAMCET (Med. and Engg.), BCECE, Assam CEE, AP EAMCET

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(Med. and Engg.) and the likes. Also to keep students updated, questions from most recent examinations such
as AIPMT/NEET, JEE (Main), MHT-CET, K CET, GUJ CET, WB JEEM, of years 2015, 2016, 2017 and
2018 are covered exclusively.

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Unique points are represented in the form of Notes at the end of theory section, Formulae are
collectively placed after notes for quick revision and Shortcuts are included to save time of students
while dealing with rigorous questions.
An additional feature of Knowledge Bank is introduced to give students glimpse of various interesting

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concepts related to the subtopic.
Googly Questions are specifically prepared to develop thinking skills required to answer any tricky or
higher order question in students. These will give students an edge required to score in highly
competitive exams.
O
Topic Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the student
on a competitive level.
C
We are confident that this book will cater to needs of students of all categories and effectively assist them to
achieve their goal. We welcome readers’ comments and suggestions which will enable us to refine and enrich
this book further.
All the best to all Aspirants!
E

Yours faithfully,
Authors
Edition: Second
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Disclaimer
This reference book is based on the NEET-UG syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). We the publishers are making this reference book
which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand,
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memorize and reproduce the same in examinations.

This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Every care has been taken in the
publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any
person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.

© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of
students.
 Index
No. Topic Name Page No.
1 Physical World and Measurement 1

2 Scalars and Vectors 47

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3 Motion in One Dimension 74

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4 Laws of Motion 117

5 Motion in two Dimensions 173

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6 Work, Energy and Power 236

7 System of particles and Rotational Motion 288

8 Gravitation 356

9 Mechanical properties of solids: Elasticity 419

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10 Mechanical properties of fluids: Viscosity
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11 Mechanical properties of fluids: Surface Tension 495

12 Thermal properties of Matter: Heat 525

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13 Thermodynamics 580

14 Kinetic Theory of Gases 619

15 Oscillations 650
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16 Wave Mechanics 707

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Note: ** marked section is not for JEE (Main)

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 02 Scalars and Vectors
Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors

2.1 Scalars and vectors 2.5 Multiplication of vectors by a real number

and scalar
2.2 Types of vectors
2.6 Scalar product (dot product) of vectors
2.3 Resolution of vectors

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2.7 Vector product (cross product) of vectors
2.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors

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2.1 Scalars and vectors Y
 Scalars: B(x, y)
Physical quantities which have only magnitude A(x,y)

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are called scalars.
Example: length, mass, time, volume, distance,
speed, work, energy etc. O X
 Resultant vector:
 Vectors: i. The resultant of two or more vectors is a
i. Physical quantities which have magnitude single vector which produces the same effect

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as well as direction are called vectors. as produced by individual vectors together.
Example: Displacement, velocity, ii. Nature of resultant vector is same as that
acceleration, force, momentum, impulse etc. of the given vectors.
ii. A vector quantity is represented by putting
an arrow () over it.
O  Equality of vectors:
i. Two vectors are said to be equal, if they
iii. The length of the arrow (on a convenient
scale) represents the magnitude of the have equal magnitude and same direction
C
vector and the direction in which the irrespective of their positions in space.
 
arrow points is the direction of the vector. ii. If two vectors A and B are represented
by two equal parallel lines drawn with
 Position vector:
same scale, having arrow heads in the
i. A vector which gives the position of a  
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particle at a point with respect to the same direction, then A and B are equal
origin of chosen co-ordinate system is 
vectors, i.e., A = B


called position vector. 

ii. Position vector gives the distance between A
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origin and the position of an object at any

instant in a plane. 
iii. It gives the direction Y B
of object with 2.2 Types of vectors
reference to origin. P
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 Some important types of vectors:

i. Negative vector:
O X a. Negative vector of a given vector is a
 Displacement vector: vector of same magnitude but acting in a
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i. A vector which shows how much and in direction opposite to that of the given
which direction an object has changed its vector. 
position in a given interval of time is   A
B  A
called displacement vector.

ii. It is the straight distance between initial B
and final position of an object.
b. The negative vectors are antiparallel vectors.
iii. In the figure, if (x, y) and (x, y) are the
ii. Co-initial vectors:
co-ordinates of initial position A and final R
Two or more vectors are
position B of a particle in XY plane, then
said to be co-initial, if Q
displacement vector AB is given by, their initial point is
 
AB = OB  OA = (xx) i + (yy) j common. P
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47
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
iii. Collinear vectors: 2.3 Resolution of vectors
Two or more vectors acting along the same
 Resolution of a vector:
straight line are called collinear vectors.
i. The process of splitting a single vector
 into two or more vectors in different
B 
b O a A
directions which together produce same
 
effect as produced by the single vector
a and b are collinear vectors.
alone is called resolution of vector.
iv. Coplanar vectors: ii. The splitting vectors are called component

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
Those vectors which are vectors. When a vector A is resolved into

acting in the same plane 
B two rectangular components in XY plane,
are called coplanar A
    

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vectors. it is given by A = A x  A y = Ax i + Ay j ,
 

C where A x and A y are rectangular
v. Zero vector:

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components along X-axis and Y-axis
A vector having zero magnitude and respectively. Magnitude of this vector is
arbitrary direction (not known to us) is a given by
zero vector. 

Zero vector can be obtained by: |A| = A 2x  A 2y

a. multiplying a vector by zero. Y
b. adding a vector to its own negative

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vector. 

vi. Localised vector:  A

Ay
Localised vector is that vector whose

vector.
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initial point is fixed. It is also called fixed 
Ax
X

Resolution of a vector in two

vii. Non-localised vector:
rectangular components
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Non-localised vector is that vector whose 
initial point is not fixed. It is also called as iii. When a vector A is resolved into three
free vector. rectangular components with the given
viii. Polar vectors: vector along X, Y and Z axes,
   
Those vectors which have their direction A = Ax i + Ay j + Az k
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along the direction of motion of a body Magnitude of this vector is given by

are called Polar vectors. Polar vectors 

have a point of application. |A| = A2x +A2y +A2z

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ix. Axial vectors: iv. If , , and  are angles subtended by

Those vectors which are always along the rectangular components with the given
axis of rotation are called axial vectors. vector, then
Ax A A
x. Unit vectors: cos  = , cos  = y and cos  = z
a. A unit vector of the given vector is a A A A
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vector of unit magnitude and has the same These values are called direction cosines
direction as that of the given vector. of a vector.
 cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1
b. A unit vector of A is written as  and is
read as ‘A cap’ or ‘A hat’. 2.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors
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 
c. Since, magnitude of A is | A |,  Addition of vectors:
 
 A = | A | Â i. When two or more vectors of same type
 are taken in same order, then resultant of
A vector these vectors is called addition of vectors.
 Â = 
=  
modulus of the vector
|A| ii. If A and B are two vectors in same order,
  
d. In Cartesian co-ordinate system, i , j then their resultant vector R is given by
  

and k are the unit vectors along R = A + B.
X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively. Magnitude of resultant vector is given by
  
e. A unit vector is unit less and dimensionless. |R | = |A| + |B|

48
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
iii. Vectors of same nature alone can be starting point of the first vector to the
added. end point of the second vector.
iv. Vector addition is commutative. Q
    
i.e. A + B = B + A R
v. Vector addition is associative. 
B
     

A+ (B+ C) = (A+B) + C
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P 
 Vector addition by rectangular components: A

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Consider in two dimension plane  
   If OP = A and PQ = B are two vectors
A = Ax i  Ay j acting at angle , then magnitude of

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 

resultant vector is given by
B = Bx i  By j 
   |R| = A2  B2  2ABcos 
 R = A+ B

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ii. Parallelogram law of vector addition:
=  Ax i  Ay j    Bx i  By j 
   

    a. If two vectors are represented in

  magnitude and direction by the adjacent
=  Ax  Bx  i   A y  By  j sides of the parallelogram, then their
   resultant vector is given by the diagonal of
Also, R = Rx i  R y j the parallelogram passing through the
point of intersection of given vectors.

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Then, Rx = Ax + Bx and Ry = Ay + By
In three dimensions, Q S
   
A = Ax i  Ay j Az k 

 
B = Bx i  By j Bz k
 
O 
B
R 
B
  

R = A+ B 
C
  
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=  A x  By  i   A y  By  j  Az  Bz  k

A P
   b. From the figure, magnitude of resultant
= R x i  R y j R z k
vector is given by
 Rx = Ax + Bx 

 Ry = A y + By |R| = A2 +B2 +2ABcos 

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 Rz = Az + Bz  
where  = angle between A and B
If vectors p, q and r are 
  
The angle  which resultant vector R
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
p = px i  py j pz k
c.

    subtends with vector A is given by
q = qx i  qy j qz k
Bsin 
    tan  =
r = rx i  ry j rz k A  B cos 
    iii. Polygon law of vector addition:
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If R = p + q + r If a number of vectors are represented in

Then, Rx = px + qx + rx magnitude and direction by the sides of a
Ry = py + qy + ry polygon, taken in order, then their
Rz = pz + qz + rz resultant is represented in magnitude and
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direction by the closing side of the

 Graphical and analytical method: polygon taken in the opposite order.
There are various laws for addition of vectors     
such as triangle law, parallelogram law, polygon From the figure, R = A + B + C + D
law etc. S

i. Triangle law of vector addition: D 
If two vectors of the same type are C
represented in magnitude and direction, T
by the two sides of a triangle taken in 
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order, then their resultant is represented R 
B
in magnitude and direction by the third
side of the triangle drawn from the O 
P
A
49
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
 Subtraction of vectors: ii.

The unit of A is different from the unit of
 

i. Subtraction of a vector B from vector A ‘s A’ .
is the addition of vector  B to the vector

For example,
  
 If A = 10 newton and s = 5 second, then
A. 
 
  s A = 5 second  10 newton = 50 Ns.
A  B = A +  B 
  2.6 Scalar product (dot product) of vectors

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ii. All the laws of vector addition such as
triangle law, parallelogram law etc., are  Scalar product (dot product) of two vectors:
equally applicable to subtraction of i. The scalar product of two non-zero

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vectors also. vectors is defined as the product of the
  magnitudes of the two vectors and cosine
For subtraction of two vectors A and B
of the angle  between them.
inclined at an angle ,

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
 ii. The scalar product of two vectors A and
|R| = A  B  2ABcos(180  )
2 2
  
 B is given by A  B = AB cos .
 |R| = A2  B2  2ABcos  iii. The scalar product is represented by
Bsin 180  θ  Bsin θ putting a ‘dot’ between the two vectors.
tan  = = iv. The scalar product of two vectors is a
A + Bcos 180  θ  A  Bcosθ
scalar quantity.

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iii. Subtraction of vectors follow neither
commutative law nor associative law. Example:
 
   
A  B B  A a. Work done, W = F  S

      
A   B  C    A  B  C
   
O b. Power, P = F  V
 

 
c. Electric current, I = J  A
2.5 Multiplication of vectors by a 
C
real number and scalar where J is current density vector
 
i. The multiplication of a vector A by a real and A is area vector.
  
number n becomes another vector n A . Its d. Magnetic flux,  = B  A where
magnitude becomes n times the magnitude of 
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the given vector. Its direction is same or B = magnetic induction,

 
opposite as that of A , depending on whether n A = area vector.
is a positive or negative real number.
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 
   Properties of scalar product:
n  A  = n A and n  A  = n A . i. The scalar product of two vectors is
   
commutative over multiplication.
ii. For example, if a vector A is multiplied by a    

AB=BA ….( AB cos = BA cos)
real number n = 2, we get 2 A , which is a
  
2
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vector, acting in the direction of A and having ii. A  A = A or A = AA

magnitude twice as A .

This is true because in this case  = 0.
 

iii. If vector A is multiplied by real number iii. If two vectors A and B are perpendicular
to each other, then  = 90 and
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
n = 2, then we get 2 A , which is also a  
 A  B = AB cos 90 = 0.
vector acting in the opposite direction of A
 iv. Scalar product of two same unit vectors is
and having magnitude twice as that of A .      
  unity. i  i = j  j = k  k = 1
iv. The unit of n A is the same as that of A . v. Scalar product of two different unit
     
 Multiplication of a vector by a scalar: vectors is zero. i  j = j  k = k  i = 0

i. When a vector A is multiplied by a scalar vi. The distributive law holds good for scalar

‘s’, it becomes ‘s A’ whose magnitude is s product

     

A  B  C  = A B + A  C
times the magnitude of A .  

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 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
      
vii. A = A x i  A y j A z k If A  B = 0, it means A is zero or

B = 0 or the angle  between them is 0
   
B = B x i  B y j B z k
or 180.
 
   
   
 iii. The distributive law holds good for vector
 A.B =  A x i  A y j Az k . Bx i  By j Bz k 
   products.
= AxBx + AyBy + AzBz       
A (B+C ) = A  B +A  C
2.7 Vector product (cross product)      
iv. ( A)  B  A ( B)  (A B) ;

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of vectors
where  is a real number.
 Vector product (cross product) of two vectors: v. For three orthogonal unit vectors,
i. The vector product of two vectors is a

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î , ĵ and k̂
third vector whose magnitude is equal to
ˆi  ˆj = ˆj  ˆi = k̂ ,
the product of magnitudes of the two
vectors and sine of the angle  between ˆj  kˆ =  kˆ  ˆj = î ,

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them.
kˆ  ˆi = ˆi  kˆ = ĵ
ii. Cross product of two vectors
    ˆi  ˆi = ˆj  ˆj = kˆ  kˆ = 0
A and B is given by A B  (AB sin ) nˆ ,
ˆi ˆj kˆ
where A and B are respectively the  
  vi. (A B)  A x Ay Az
magnitudes of vectors A and B and n̂ is

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Bx By Bz
a unit vector perpendicular to the plane
  
containing A and B . = î (AyBz – AzBy) – j (AxBz –AzBx)
iii. Cross product of two vectors is a vector
quantity, so it is also called vector product
of vectors.
O Notes
+ k̂ (AxBy – AyBx)

Example:
1. Finite angular displacement is a scalar quantity
C
   
a. Torque,  = r  F , where r is the because it does not obey the laws of vector

addition.
position vector and F is the force
vector. 2. The resultant of two vectors of unequal
b. Linear velocity, magnitudes can never be a null vector.
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  
v =  r 3. The magnitude of rectangular components of a

vector is always less than the magnitude of the
where  is the angular frequency vector.
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
vector and r is the position vector. 4. Division of vectors is not allowed as directions
c. Angular momentum, cannot be divided.
   5. Minimum number of collinear vectors whose
L = r p
resultant can be zero is two.

where r is the position vector and 6. A vector can have any number, even infinite
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
p is the linear momentum vector. number of components (minimum 2 components).
7. Displacement, velocity, linear momentum and
 Properties of vector product: force are polar vectors.
i. Vector product is anti commutative, 8. Angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular
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   
momentum and torque are axial vectors.
i.e., (A  B) = (B  A)
9. A quantity having magnitude and direction is not
….( sin() =  sin) necessarily a vector. For example, time and
 
ii. A  A = 0, i.e., the vector product of a
electric current. These quantities have
magnitude and direction but they are scalars.
vector by itself is zero. This is because, in This is because they do not obey the laws of
this case,  = 0 and hence sin  = 0. vector addition.
Hence, the condition for two vectors to
10. Scalars are added, subtracted or divided
be parallel ( = 0) or anti parallel
algebraically.
( = 180) is that their vector product
should be zero. 11. Vectors are added and subtracted geometrically.
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 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
12. Moment of inertia is not a vector quantity 11. Unit vector perpendicular to the cross
because clockwise or anticlockwise direction is product:
not associated with it.  
A B
13. Moment of inertia is not a scalar quantity n̂ =
ABsin 
because for the same body, its values are
different for different orientations of the axis of 12. Direction cosine of a vector :
rotation. R
i. cos = x
14. Moment of inertia is considered as tensor. R

T
Ry
Formulae ii cos =
R

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R
1. Magnitude of resolution of a vector: iii. cos = z
i. In two rectangular components, R
R = R 2x + R 2y Shortcuts

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ii. In three rectangular components,
1. Commutative and associative laws are true for
R = R 2x + R 2y + R 2z vector addition but are not true for subtraction of
vectors.
2. Resultant of addition of two vectors:

|R| = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos θ 2. Two vectors can be added by using either

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triangle law or parallelogram law of vector
3. Direction of resultant vector: addition.
 = tan1 
B sin θ 
 
 3. The magnitude of the resultant of A and B
 A + B cos θ 

4. Commutative law of vector addition:

O varies between A  B to A + B.
        
A + B = B + A 4. If | A  B | = | A  B |, then the angle between A
C

5. Associative law of vector addition: and B is 90º.
     
A + ( B + C ) = ( A + B) + C 5. Angle between two vectors can be determined
6. Distributive law of multiplication over addition: by using dot or cross product of two vectors.
      
Cross
E

i. A  (B + C) = A B + A  C Dot product
       Angle between product
ii. A  ( B+ C ) = A  B + A  C   
vectors ()  A  B   
   A B
 
PL

7. Distributive law of multiplication over

subtraction: 0 AB 0
      
i. A  (B  C) = A B  A  C 90 0 AB
       180 –AB 0
ii. A  ( B C ) = A  B  A  C
 
8. Angle of inclination of resultant with positive 6. If the resultant of A and B is perpendicular to
M

  
direction of X-axis: A , then the angle between A and B is,
 Ry 
 = tan1    A
 Rx   = cos–1   
B  
SA

9. Scalar (dot) product of two vectors:

  7. If two vectors represent the two adjacent sides
i. A  B = AB cos of a parallelogram, then the area of the
     
ii. i  i = j j = k k = 1 parallelogram is equal to magnitude of the
     
cross product of the two vectors.
iii. i  j = jk = k i = 0
8. If two vectors represent the two sides of a
10. Vector (cross) product of two vectors: triangle, then the area of triangle is equal to
  half the magnitude of the cross product of the
i. A  B = AB sin  n̂
two vectors.
ii. ˆi  ˆj = ˆj  ˆj = kˆ  kˆ = 0
9. The minimum number of non-coplanar vectors
iii. ˆi  ˆj = k,
ˆ ˆj  kˆ = ˆi, kˆ  ˆi = ˆj
whose sum can be zero is four.
52
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
10. To find the volume of a parallelopiped formed 6. A vector which shows how much and in which
with three vectors as its sides, scalar triple direction an object has changed its position in
product is used. a given interval of time is called
Ax Ay Az (A) unit vector

  (B) position vector
i. A   B  C  = Bx By Bz
  (C) resultant vector
Cx Cy Cz
(D) displacement vector
= Ax(ByCz – BzCy) – Ay (BxCz – BzCx)
7. Which of the following represents a vector of
+ Az (BxCy – ByCx)

T
= [ABC] = Volume of parallelopiped magnitude 3 units?

ii. Scalar triple product remains same if (A) A = 3 unit
vectors are taken in same order. 

N
(B) A = 2 unit

 
   
 
 

 

i.e; A B  C  =  A  B C =  C  A  B (C) | A | = 3 unit
     


         (D) | A | = 3 unit

TE
iii. A  B  C  =   B  A  C =   A  C  B
     
8. From the given pair of vectors, select the equal
iv. Scalar triple product is zero for coplanar
vectors.
vectors as well as if any two vectors are

2 unit
 
1unit

equal, parallel or collinear. (A) (B)

3 unit
 
1unit

Multiple Choice Questions     

N
2 unit 2 unit
(C) (D)

1.5 unit
  
2 unit

2.1 Scalars and vectors
2.2 Types of vectors
1. Which of the following is a vector?
(A) Pressure
O 9. Assertion: Position of a particle in a given
(B) Surface tension plane has unique vector representation.
(C) Moment of inertia Reason: Position vector is non-localised type
C
(D) Torque of vector.
2. Which one of the following statements is true? (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
[NCERT Exemplar] Reason is a correct explanation for
(A) A scalar quantity is the one that is Assertion.
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
E

conserved in a process.
(B) A scalar quantity is the one that can Reason is not a correct explanation for
never take negative values. Assertion.
(C) A scalar quantity is the one that does not (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
PL

vary from one point to another in space.
(D) A scalar quantity has the same value for
observers with different orientation of
the axes.
3. Which of the following is a scalar?
M
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is True.
10. Axial vectors direct along the axis of rotation
in accordance to
(A) associative properties of vectors.
(B) Fleming’s Right hand rule.

(A) Electric field (C) right hand screw rule.

(B) Angular momentum (D) Fleming’s left hand rule.
(C) Frequency
11. Angular displacement is
(D) Torque
(A) scalar (B) vector
SA

4. Which of the following is a vector quantity? (C) axial vector (D) polar vector
(A) Charge on proton.
(B) Velocity of air. 12. Angular momentum is _______.
(C) Mass of radium nucleus. (A) scalar (B) free vector
(D) Energy of thermal neutron. (C) axial vector (D) polar vector
5. Two physical quantities, one of which is vector 13. The magnitude and direction of a given vector
and other is scalar, having same dimensions are is indicated by
(A) work and energy (A) axial vectors.
(B) work and torque (B) unit vectors.
(C) Pressure and power (C) polar vectors.
(D) Impulse and momentum (D) none of the above.
53
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
      
14. If A = 2 i + 4 j – 4 k , then unit vector in the 21. Given vector A = 2 i + 3 j , then the angle
 
direction of A is between A and Y-axis is [C PMT 1993]
   
(A) (B) (i + 2 j – 2k ) 3 2
3j (A) tan1 (B) tan1
      2 3
(i  j  k) (i  j  k) 2 2
(C) (D) (C) sin1 (D) cos1
12 3 3 3

T
15. A unit vector is represented as    
22. If A = 2 i + 4 j – 5 k , then the direction
 
0.8 ˆi  bjˆ  0.4kˆ . Hence the value of ‘b’ must


be [MHT CET 2018] cosines of the vector A are

N
2 4 5
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.6 (A) , and
45 45 45
(C) 0.2 (D) 0.2
1 2 3
(B) , and

TE
 1 1  45 45 45
16. The expression  ˆi  ˆj is a

 2 2  4 4
(C) , 0 and
(A) Unit vector 45 45
(B) Null vector 3 2 3
(D) , and
(C) Vector of magnitude 2 45 45 45

N
1 
(D) Vector of magnitude 23. If a vector P makes angles ,  and  with the
2
X, Y and Z axes respectively, then
2.3 Resolution of vectors sin2 + sin2 + sin2 =
O (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
17. Walking of a person on the road is an example
2.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors
of
C
(A) scalars  

(B) unit vector 24. If P = Q , then which of the following is NOT

(C) resolution of vectors correct?
   
(D) null vector (A) P =Q (B) |P| = |Q|

E

18. The component of a vector r along x-axis      

(C) PQ= Q P (D) P + Q = P Q
will have a maximum value if
[K CET 2016] 25. Can the resultant of two vectors be zero?
PL


(A) r is along + ve x-axis. [IIIT 2000]
 (A) Yes, when the two vectors are same in
(B) r is along + ve y-axis. magnitude and direction.

(C) r is along  ve y-axis. (B) No.
 (C) Yes, when the two vectors are same in
(D) r makes an angle of 45 with the magnitude but opposite in sense.
M

x-axis. (D) Yes, when the two vectors are same in

  2π
19. The vector projection of a vector 3 i + 4 k on magnitude making an angle of with
3
Y-axis is [R PMT 2007]
SA

each other.
(A) Five (B) Four
(C) Three (D) Zero         
26. If A = 2 i + j , B = 3 j  k and C = 6 i  2k ,
   
20. Vector A makes equal angles with X, Y and Z then value of A  2 B + 3 C would be
axes. Value of its components in terms of   
 (A) 20 i + 5 j + 4 k
magnitude of A will be   
A A (B) 20 i  5 j  4 k
(A) (B)
3 2   
(C) 4 i + 5 j + 20 k
3
(C) 3A (D)   
A (D) 5 i + 4 j + 10 k

54
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
    
27. ( P + Q ) is a unit vector along X-axis. 33. If a , b , c are three consecutive vectors
       
If P = i  j + k , then Q is forming a triangle, then a + b + c is
 
   R
(A) i+ j – k (B) j – k
    
 
(C) i+ j + k (D) j + k b
c
28. What vector must be added to the sum of two
  P Q

T
   

vectors i – 2 j + 2 k and 2 i + j – k , so that the a
resultant may be a unit vector along X-axis?
[BHU 1990] (A)  (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) –1

N
       
(A) 2i + j–k (B) –2 i + j – k 34. If A  3iˆ  2ˆj  k,
ˆ B  ˆi  3jˆ  5kˆ and
      
(C) 2i – j–k (D) –2 i – j – k C  2iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ form a right angled triangle

TE
29. The vector that must be added to the sum of then out of the following which one is
      satisfied? [MHT CET 2018]
vectors i  3 j + 2 k and 3 i + 6 j  7 k so   
2 2 2
(A) A  B  C and A = B + C
that the resultant vector is a unit vector along   
2 2 2
the Y-axis is (B) A  B  C and B = A + C
     
  
–4 i  2 j + 5 k

N
(A) 4i + 2 j + 5k (B) (C) B  A  C and B = A + C
2 2 2
  
  
(C) 3i + 4 j + 5k (D) Null vector (D) B  A  C and A = B + C
2 2 2

30. The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the


vectors A = 4 i + 3 j + 6 k and
  
O 35. For a regular hexagon ABCDEF, what will be
the value of AB + AC + AD + AE + AF , if
    O is the centre of the regular hexagon?
B =  i + 3 j  8 k is [EAMCET 2000]
C
E D

1  
(A) (3 i + 6 j  2 k )
7 O

1  
F C
(B) (3 i + 6 j + 2 k )
7
E


1  
(C) (3 i + 6 j  2 k )
49 A B

1  
PL

(D) (3 i  6 j + 2 k ) (A) zero (B) 2 AO

49
  
(C) 4 AO (D) 6 AO
    
31. If a = 4 i – j , b = 3 i + 2 j and c =  k ,
36. A particle is simultaneously acted by two
then the unit vector r̂ along the direction of forces equal to 4 N and 3 N. The net force on
sum of these vectors will be the particle is [C PMT 1979]
M

[Kerala CET (Engg.) 2010] (A) 7 N


 1  
(B) 5 N
(A) r = (i + j k )
3 (C) 1 N

 1  
(D) Between 1 N and 7 N
SA

(B) r = (i + j  k)
2
37. Maximum and minimum magnitudes of the
 1   
(C) r = (i  j + k) resultant of two vectors of magnitudes P and Q
3

are in the ratio 3:1. Which of the following
 1  
(D) r = (i + j + k) relations is true?
2
(A) P = 2Q
32. The magnitude of displacement vector with (B) P = Q
end points (4, – 4, 0) and (– 2, – 2, 0) must be (C) PQ = 1
(A) 6 (B) 5 2 Q
(D) P=
(C) 4 (D) 2 10 2

55
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
    45. Two equal vectors have a resultant equal to
38. If three forces F1 = 3 i  4 j + 5 k , either of them. The angle between them is

   [AIIMS 2001]
F2 = –3 i + 4 j and F3 = 5kˆ act on a body,
(A) 60 (B) 90
then the direction of resultant force on the
(C) 100 (D) 120
body is
(A) along X-axis 46.
 
Three vectors A , B and C are related as


(B) along Y-axis    

(C) along Z-axis A + B = C . If vector C is perpendicular to

T
 
(D) in indeterminate form vector A and the magnitude of C is equal to

39. Two forces 3 N and 2 N are at an angle  such the magnitude of A , what will be the angle

N
that the resultant is R. The first force is now  
between vectors A and B ?
increased to 6 N and the resultant became 2R.
(A) 45º (B) 90º
The value of  is [HP PMT 2000]
(C) 135º (D) 180º

TE
(A) 30º (B) 60º
(C) 90º (D) 120º 47. The resultant of two vectors A and B is
     
perpendicular to the vector A and its
40. If A = 4 i  3 j and B = 6 i + 8 j , then magnitude is equal to half the magnitude of
  vector B. The angle between A and B is
magnitude and direction of A + B will be (A) 120° (B) 150°
(A) 5, tan1(3/4)

N
(C) 135° (D) 180
(B) 5 5 , tan1 (1/2)  
(C) 10, tan1(5) 48. The resultant of P and Q is perpendicular to
(D) 25, tan1 (3/4)   

41. If two forces each of magnitude 4 units act at a

O P . What is the angle between P and
P
Q?
 P 
(A) cos1  Q  (B) cos1 
 Q 

point and the angle between them is 120, then
P  P 
C
the magnitude and direction of the sum of the
two forces are (C) sin1  Q  (D) sin1  Q 
(A) 4,  = tan1 (1.73)
(B) 4,  = tan1 (0.73) 49. For getting a resultant displacement of 10 m,
two displacement vectors having magnitudes
(C) 2,  = tan1 (1.73)
E

6 m and 8 m should be joined

(D) 6,  = tan1 (0.73)
(A) parallel to each other
42. The resultant of two forces, one double the (B) anti-parallel to each other
PL

other in magnitude, is perpendicular to the (C) at an angle of 60

smaller of the two forces. The angle between (D) perpendicular to each other
the two forces is [K CET 2002]
50. Two forces of magnitudes 8 N and 15 N are
(A) 60 (B) 120
acting at a point. If the resultant force is
(C) 150 (D) 90 17 newton, then the angle between two forces
M

43. Two forces, F1 and F2 are acting on a body. is

One force is double that of the other force (A) 30 (B) 45
and the resultant is equal to the greater (C) 60 (D) 90
force. Then the angle between the two forces
SA

51. Two forces of equal magnitude F are at a

is
point. If  is the angle between two forces,
1  1 
(A) cos1   (B) cos1   then magnitude of the resultant force will be
 2  2 [EAMCET 95]
 1  1 
(C) cos1   (D) cos1   (A) 2F cos
 4  4 2

     (B) F cos
44. If | A + B | = | A | + | B |, then angle between A 2

and B will be [CBSE PMT 2010] (C) 2F cos 
(A) 90° (B) 120° F 
(D) cos
(C) 0° (D) 60° 2 2

56
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
52. Two forces are such that the sum of their    
60. Assertion: If | P  Q | = | P  Q | , then angle
magnitudes is 18 N and their resultant is
perpendicular to the smaller force and   
between P and Q is .
magnitude of resultant is 12 N. Then the 2
   
magnitudes of the forces are [AIEEE 2002] Reason: P  Q = Q  P
(A) 12 N, 6 N (B) 13 N, 5 N
(C) 10 N, 8 N (D) 16 N, 2 N (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
Reason is a correct explanation for
53. The maximum resultant of two vectors is Assertion.

T
26 unit and minimum resultant is 16 unit, then (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
the magnitude of each vector is Reason is not a correct explanation for
(A) 21, 5 (B) 13, 13 Assertion.

N
(C) 20, 6 (D) 13, 6 (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is True.
54. Two forces of magnitudes 3 N and 4 N act on
a body. The ratio of magnitudes of minimum 61. If A
   
+ B = A  B , then vector B must be


TE
and maximum resultant force on the body is (A) zero vector
1 3 4 (B) unit vector
(A) (B) (C) (D) 7
7 4 3 (C) non-zero vector


55.
 
A vector a makes an angle 30° and b makes (D) equal to A
an angle 120 with the X-axis. The magnitudes   

N
62. The vectors A, B and C are such that
of these vectors are 3 unit and 4 unit       
respectively. The magnitude of resultant | A |  | B |,| C |  2 | A | and A  B  C = 0. The
vector is    
angles between A and B , B and C
(A) 3 unit
(C) 5 unit
O
(B) 4 unit
(D) 1 unit respectively are [TS EAMCET (Med.) 2015]
(A) 45, 90 (B) 90, 135
56. Assertion: The magnitude of resultant vector (C) 90, 45 (D) 45, 135
C
of two given vectors can never be less than the
  
magnitude of any of the given vectors. 63. Three vectors P, Q, R are such that
Reason: The resultant vector is the vector sum       
of two vectors. | P | = | Q | , | R | = 2 | P | and P + Q + R = 0.
    
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; The angle between P and Q , Q and R and P
E

Reason is a correct explanation for 

Assertion. and R will be respectively.
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; (A) 90º, 135º, 135º (B) 90º, 45º, 45º
PL

Reason is not a correct explanation for (C) 45º, 90º, 90º (D) 45º, 135º, 135º
Assertion. 
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False. 64. Let the angle between two non-zero vectors A
 
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is True. and B be 120º and its resultant be C , then the
57. Which pair of the following forces will never correct statement is
 
give resultant force of 2 N? [HP PMT 1999]
M

(A) C must be equal to | A  B |

(A) 2 N and 2 N (B) 1 N and 1 N  
(C) 1 N and 3 N (D) 1 N and 4 N (B) C must be greater than | A  B |
 
58. Which of the following vectors can’t be equal (C) C must be less than | A  B |
SA

to the resultant of 5 and 10? [AFMC 1996]  

(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 8 (D) C may be equal to | A  B |

 
59. If more than three forces are acting on a heavy 65. Two vectors A and B lie in a plane. Another
rigid body such that the body is in balanced 

state, then all the forces are vector C lies outside the plane. The resultant
  
[ICS (Prelims) 2000] of these three vectors i.e., A + B + C
(A) collinear (A) can be zero.
(B) coplanar (B) cannot be zero.
(C) acting in random direction  
(C) lies in the plane of A + B
(D) represented by the sides of a polygon of  
vectors (D) lies in the plane containing A  B
57
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
66. Sum of magnitude of two forces is 25 N. The 73.
 
Two vectors A and B have components Ax,
resultant of these forces is normal to the Ay, Az and Bx, By, Bz respectively. If
smaller force and has a magnitude of 10 N.  
Then the two forces are A + B = 0 , then [Orissa JEE 2010]
[TS EAMCET (Engg.) 2015] (A) Ax = Bx , Ay =  By , Az =  Bz
(A) 14.5 N, 10.5 N (B) 16 N, 9 N (B) Ax = Bx , Ay = By , Az =  Bz
(C) 13 N, 12 N (D) 20 N, 5 N (C) Ax = Bx , Ay = By , Az = Bz
(D) Ax =  Bx , Ay =  By , Az =  Bz
67. The magnitudes of two forces are in the ratio

T
3 : 5 and the angle between their directions is 74. The components of the sum of two vectors
   
60. If their resultant force is 28 N, then their 2 i + 3 j and 2 j + 3 k along x and y directions
magnitude will be
respectively are

N
(A) 12 N, 20 N (B) 15 N, 25 N [J & K CET 2010]
(C) 18 N, 30 N (D) 21 N, 28 N (A) 2 and 5 (B) 4 and 6
(C) 2 and 6 (D) 4 and 3
68. The resultant of the three vectors shown in
75. A body moves 6 m north, 8 m east and 10 m

TE
figure and the angle made by the resultant
vertically upwards. What is its resultant
with X-axis is [Assam CEE 2015]
displacement from initial position?
Y [DCE 2000]
3.0 m 2.0 m (A) 10 2 m (B) 10 m
10
(C) m (D) 10  2 m

N
37 2
X
2.5 Multiplication of vectors by
(A) 10 m and 37 a real number and scalar
(B)
(C)
8.6 m and 35.5
5  3  m and 37
O 76.

If P is multiplied by a real number 3, then
new vector after multiplication will be
(D) None of these represented by
C
 
69. The resultant of two forces acting in opposite (A) P (B) 3 P
directions is 10 N. If these forces act  

perpendicular to each other, their resultant will (C) 3P (D) P

be 50 N. The magnitude of these forces will be 77. If an arbitrary number ‘2’ is multiplied with
(A) 40 N, 30 N (B) 50 N, 25 N
E


vector A , then
(C) 18 N, 30 N (D) 21 N, 28 N (A) the magnitude of vector will be doubled
70. The maximum and minimum magnitudes of and direction will be same.
PL

the resultant of two given vectors are 17 units (B) the magnitude of vector will be doubled
and 7 unit respectively. If these two vectors and direction will be opposite.
are at right angles to each other, the magnitude (C) the magnitude of vector and its direction
of their resultant is remains constant.
[Kerala CET (Engg.) 2000] (D) magnitude will be half and direction
(A) 18 (B) 16 (C) 14 (D) 13 remains constant.
M

       
71. The angle between two vectors A and B is . 78. Vectors A  5i  a j 3k and B  10i  8 j bk
Vector R is the resultant of the two vectors. If R are parallel to each other, then values of ‘a’
 and ‘b’ are
makes an angle with A, then [AFMC 1994]
SA

2 (A) 4, 6 (B) 4, – 6
B (C) – 4, 6 (D) – 4, – 6
(A) A = 2B (B) A =
2    
(C) A=B (D) AB = 1 79. The velocity of a particle is v = 6 i + 2 j  2 k .
The component of the velocity of a particle
72. A body is at rest under the action of three  
 
   
forces, two of which are F1 = 4 i , F2 = 6 j , the parallel to the vector a = i + j + k in vector
third force is [AMU 1996] form is
         
(A) 4i +6 j (B) 4i 6 j (A) 6i + 2 j + 2k (B) 2i + 2 j + 2k
         
(C) 4i +6 j (D) 4i 6 j (C) 2i  2 j + 2k (D) 6i + 2 j – 2k
58
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
    
80. If A = 4 i  3 j and B = 7 i + 24 j , then the

1 1 1
(A) 0, 0, 0 (B)  ,  ,
 2 2 2
vector parallel to A and with same magnitude
1 1 1

as B will be (C) 1, –1, 1 (D) , ,
   
2 2 2
(A) 15 i + 20 j (B) 20 i  15 j      

    86. Given A = 2 i + 3 j and B = i + j . The

(C) 5 i  25 j (D) 8i + 6 j  
component of vector A along B is

T
2.6 Scalar product (dot product) of vectors 1   3  
(A)  i j (B)  i j
 
2   2  
81. Force F and displacement x are vector 5   
 7   


N
  (C)  i j (D)  i j
quantities. Work = F x will be 2   2  
(A) a scalar 87. The position vectors of four points A, B, C
(B) a vector

TE
      

(C) both scalar and vector and D are a = 2 i + 3 j +4 k , b = 3 i +5 ĵ+7 k ,

       
(D) Zero vector c = i + 2 j + 3 k and d = 3 i + 6 j + 9 k

82. Work done by the force is represented by 

 
respectively. Then vectors AB and CD are
W = F  s . In special circumstances, F and s (A) coplanar (B) collinear
(C) perpendicular (D) antiparallel

N
are not equal to zero but the work done is zero.
This concludes that    
(A) F and s are in same direction. 88. A force F = 3 i + c j + 2 k acting on a particle
(B) F and s are in opposite direction.    

(C) F and s are perpendicular to each other.

(D) F and s are inclined at 45.
O causes a displacement s = – 4 i + 2 j – 3 k in
its own direction. If the work done is 6 J, then
the value of c will be [D PMT 1997]
      (A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 1 (D) 0
C
83. Assertion: Angle between  j  k  and j is .
  4    
89. The vectors P = a i + a j + 3k and
  
 
Reason:  j  k  is equally inclined both to j    
  Q = a i – 2 j – k are perpendicular to each

other. The positive value of a is
E

and k , which are mutually perpendicular.

(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; [AFMC 2000; AIIMS 2002]
Reason is a correct explanation for (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D) 13
PL

Assertion.   

(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; 90. If vectors A= cost i + sint j and
Reason is not a correct explanation for  t  t 
B = cos i + sin j are functions of time,
Assertion. 2 2
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False. then the value of t at which they are
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is True. orthogonal to each other is
M


[AIPMT Re-Test 2015]
84. If A  2iˆ  3jˆ  8kˆ is perpendicular to 
(A) t=0 (B) t=

4
B  4ˆj  4iˆ  kˆ , then the value of ‘’ is
 
SA

[CBSE PMT 2005, K CET 2017] (C) t= (D) t=

2 
1 1
(A)  (B)    
2 2
91. Consider three vectors A  i  j  2k,
(C) 1 (D) –1         

 
B  i  j  k and C  2i  3 j  4k . A vector X
85. Three vectors A  aiˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; B  ˆi  bjˆ  kˆ  
of the form  A   B ( and  are numbers) is

and C  ˆi  ˆj  ckˆ are mutually perpendicular 
perpendicular to C . The ratio of  and  is
( î , ĵ and k̂ are unit vectors along X, Y and [WB JEEM 2014]
Z axis respectively). The respective values of (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1
a, b and c are [WB JEE 2017] (C) 1 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
59
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
   
92. When A  B =  | A | | B |, then  5 
(A) cos 1  
[Orissa JEE 2003]  11 
 
(A) A and B are perpendicular to each  6 
(B) cos 1  
other  11 
 
(B) A and B act in the same direction  5 
  (C) 90  cos 1  
(C) A and B act in the opposite directions  11 
 

T
(D) A and B can act in any direction  5 
(D) 180  cos 1  
     11 
93. If | V1 + V2 | = | V1  V2 | and V2 is finite, then

N
[C PMT 1989] 2.7 Vector product (cross product)
(A) V1 is parallel to V2 of vectors
   
(B) V1 = V2 99. A vector A points vertically upward and B

TE
(C) V1 and V2 are mutually perpendicular points towards north. The vector product
   
(D) | V1 | = | V2 | A  B is
(A) Zero
94. If the magnitude of sum of two vectors is
(B) Along west
equal to the magnitude of difference of the
(C) Along east
two vectors, the angle between these vectors is

N
(D) Vertically downward
[NEET P-I 2016;
Similar in CBSE PMT 1991, 92, 2000,  
100. If angle between the vectors A and B is θ,
WB JEE 2016]
which one of the following relations is correct?
(A) 45
(C) 0
(B) 180
(D) 90
O (A)

A B  B  A
  
(B)
 
A  B  AB
     
  
(C) A  B  ABcos  (D) A B   B  A
95. A force i + 2 j – 3 k N displaces a body from
C
position vector of point (2, 4, –1) m to the  
101. If F is the force and r is the position vector
position vector of point (5, 2, –4) m. The work
then value of torque is
done is    
(A) 8 J (B) 9 J (A) r F (B) r F
   
(C) 10 J (D) 7 J
E

(C) | r |  |F| (D) | r | / |F|

  
96. If i , j and k are unit vectors along x, y and 102. In a clockwise system, [CPMT 1990]
    
z-axes respectively, then the angle  between
PL

(A) jk  i (B) ii =0

       
the vectors i  j k and i is given by (C) j j 1 (D) k  j =1
[Assam CEE 2015,
   
Similar in MH-CET 2014] 103. The torque of the force F = (2 i – 3 j + 4 k )
 = cos–1 
1 
 = sin–1 
1     
(A)  (B)  acting at the point r = (3 i + 2 j + 3 k ) about
M

 3  3
 3  3 the origin is [CBSE PMT 1995]
(C)  = cos–1   (D)  = sin–1     

 2   2  (A) 6 i – 6 j + 12 k
  
SA

97. The angle between vectors (B) 17 i – 6 j – 13 k

          
A = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k and B = 6 i + 8 j + 10 k (C) – 6 i + 6 j – 12 k
is   
(D) –17 i + 6 j + 13 k
(A) zero (B) 45
(C) 90 (D) 180 
104. The moment of the force, F  4iˆ  5ˆj  6kˆ at
98. In a triangle ABC, the sides AB and AC are (2, 0, –3), about the point (2, –2, –2), is given
represented by the vectors 3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and by [NEET (UG) 2018]
ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ respectively. Calculate the angle ˆ ˆ
(A) 8i  4j  7k ˆ (B) 4iˆ  ˆj  8kˆ
∠ABC. [WB JEE 2018] (C) 7iˆ  8jˆ  4kˆ (D) 7iˆ  4jˆ  8kˆ

60
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
       
105. A force F = 5i + 2 j  5k acts on a particle (A) 2i– 4k (B) 4i+ 8k
        
whose position vector is r = i  2 j  k . What is (C) 2i– 4 j+ 2k (D) 4i– 8k
the torque about the origin? [K CET 2014] 113. The linear velocity of a rotating body is given
     
(A) 8i+10 j+12k (B) 8 i +10 j  12k    
by v =   r , where  is the angular velocity
     

(C) 8i  10 j  8k (D) 10 i  10 j  k and r is the radius vector. The angular velocity
   

T
   
106. The value of ( A + B )  ( A  B ) is of a body is  = i – 2 j + 2 k and the radius
[R PET 1991, 2002; BHU 2002]    

(A) 0 (B) A2 – B2 vector r = 4 j – 3 k , then | v | is

N
(C)

B A

(D) 2( B  A )
 
(A) 29 units (B) 31 units
(C) 37 units (D) 41 units
107. The position of a particle is given by
114. In the figure, the vectors from origin to the

TE
       
r = ( i + 2 j – k ), momentum p = (3 i + 4 j 2 k ).    

The angular momentum is perpendicular to points A and B are a = 3 i – 6 j + 2 k and

  
[EAMCET (Engg.) 1998] 
b = 2 i + j – 2 k respectively. The area of the
(A) X-axis
(B) Y-axis triangle OAB is   

(C) Z-axis A (3 i – 6 j + 2 k )

N
(D) Line at equal angles to all the three axes
108. What is the unit vector perpendicular to the  

   
  B (2 i + j – 2 k )
vectors, 2 i + 2 j  k and 6 i – 3 j + 2 k ?
 
i  10 j 18 k
 
O
i  10 j  18 k
 
5
O
2
(A) (B) (A) 17 sq.unit (B) 17 sq.unit
5 17 5 17
2 5
3 5
C
     
i  10 j  18 k i  10 j  18 k (C) 17 sq.unit (D) 17 sq.unit
(C) (D) 5 3
5 17 5 17
115. The three coterminous edges of a
 
109. Scalar product of two vectors is 2 3 and the    
parallelopiped are a = 2 i –6 j + 3 k , b = 5 j ,
magnitude of their vector product is equal to 2,
E

  
then the angle between them will be c = –2 i + k . The volume of parallelopiped is
(A) 30 (B) 45 (C) 60 (D) 90 (A) 36 cubic unit (B) 40 cubic unit
(C) 45 cubic unit (D) 54 cubic unit
PL

110. The modulus of the vector product of two

1
vectors is times their scalar product. The Miscellaneous
3
angle between vectors is 116. The X-component of the resultant of several
    vectors
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 2 4 3 a. is equal to the sum of the x-components
M

of the vectors
111. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are b. may be smaller than the sum of the
  
represented by the two vectors i + 2 j + 3 k magnitudes of the vectors
c. may be greater than the sum of the
SA

  
and 3 i  2 j + k . What is the area of magnitudes of the vectors
parallelogram? [AMU 1997] d. may be equal to the sum of the
magnitudes of the vectors
(A) 8 (B) 8 3
(A) a, c, d (B) a, b, c
(C) 3 8 (D) 192 (C) a, b, d (D) b, c, d
  
112. The position vectors of radius are 2 i + j + k 117. An object is subjected to a force in the north-
   east direction. To balance this force, a second
and 2 i –3 j + k while those of linear force should be applied in the direction
   [K CET 1994]
momentum is 2 i + 3 j – k . Then the angular (A) North-East (B) South
momentum is [BHU 1997] (C) South-West (D) West
61
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
118. Choose the WRONG statement (A) Zero (B) 10 N
(A) The division of vector by scalar is valid. (C) 20 N (D) 10 2 N
(B) The multiplication of vector by scalar is
valid. 125. Assertion: Minimum number of non-equal
vectors in a plane required to give zero
(C) The multiplication of vector by another
resultant is three.
vector is valid by using vector algebra.    
(D) The division of a vector by another Reason: If P  Q  R  0 , then they must be
vector is valid by using vector algebra. coplanar.

T
119. If electric current is assumed as vector (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
quantity, then Reason is a correct explanation for
Assertion.
(A) charge conservation principle fails.

N
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(B) charge conservation principle does not
Reason is not a correct explanation for
fail.
Assertion.
(C) Coulomb’s law fails. (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.

TE
(D) both Coulomb’s law and charge (D) Assertion is False, Reason is True.
conservation principle fail.
     
 126. If two vectors 2 i + 3 j  k and 4 i  6 j +  k
120. A vector a is turned without a change in its
are parallel to each other, then the value of 
length through a small angle d. The values of will be


N
| Δ a | and a are respectively B  (A) 0 (B) 2
a (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 0, ad a A 127. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector,
(B)
(C)
ad, 0
0, 0
O d a
then magnitude of difference is
[CBSE PMT 1989; C PMT 1995]
(D) ad, ad O (A) 2 (B) 3
1
C
121. The position vector of a particle is determined (C) (D) 5

2

2
  2
by the expression r = 3t i + 4t j + 7 k . The
     
distance traversed in first 10 s is 128. Assertion: P  P = 0 . Also, P  P = 0 .
[D PMT 2002]    
Hence, P  P = P  P .
E

(A) 500 m (B) 300 m

(C) 150 m (D) 100 m Reason: Two vectors are equal if their
magnitudes are equal and have the same
122. Position of a particle in a rectangular direction.
PL

co-ordinate system is (3, 2, 5). Then its (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
position vector will be Reason is a correct explanation for

(A)

3i + 5 j + 2k

Assertion.
  
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(B) 3i + 2 j + 5k Reason is not a correct explanation for
Assertion.
M

  
(C) 5i + 3 j + 2k (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
  
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is True.
(D) 2i + 3 j + 5k
129. The resultant of two vectors having
SA

123. Obtain the direction cosines of vector magnitudes 2 and 3 is 1. What is their cross
         
( A  B ), if A = 2 i +3 j + k , B = 2 i +2 j +3 k . product?
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0
1 2 2 1
(A) 0, , (B) 0, ,
5 5 5 5 130. The vector sum of two forces is perpendicular
1 1 1 to their vector differences. In this case, the
(C) 0, 0, (D) , 0, forces [AIEEE 2002; CBSE PMT 2003]
5 5 5
(A) are equal to each other in magnitude.
124. Five equal forces of 10 N each are applied at (B) are not equal to each other in
one point and all are lying in one plane. If the magnitude.
angles between them are equal, the resultant (C) cannot be predicted.
force will be [CBSE PMT 1995] (D) are equal to each other in direction.
62
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
   1

 

131. For what value of ‘x’ are A = i – 2 j + 3 k , (C) A 2  B2  3AB 2

      
1
B = x j + 3 k and C = 7 i + 3 j – 11 k (D) A 2
 B 2  AB  2

coplanar?  
36 51 134. The angle between the vectors A and B is .
(A) (B)   
21 32 The value of the triple product A  ( B  A ) is
51 36 [CBSE PMT 1991, 2005]
(C) (D)
32 21 (A) A2B (B) Zero

T
 
(C) A2B sin  (D) A2B cos 
132. For any two vectors A and B, if  

     
135. If a and b are two parallel vectors, then the

N
A B  | A  B | , the magnitude of C = A + B    
is equal to value of ( a + b )  ( a – b ) is [BHU 2002]
   
(A) A 2  B2 (A) 2 ( b a ) (B) – 2 ( b a )

TE
(B) A + B    

AB
(C) ( b a ) (D) a  b
(C) A 2  B2   
2 136. Three vectors satisfy the relations A  B = 0
  
(D) A 2  B2  2 AB and A  C = 0, then A is parallel to
    [K CET 2003]

N
133. If | A  B | = 3 A . B , then the value of    
  (A) B  C (B) B C
| A + B | is [CBSE PMT 2004]  
1 (C) C (D) B
 2 AB 
(A) A  B 

2

3

2
O
(B) A+B
C
Answers to MCQ's

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (A)
E

31. (A) 32. (D) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (D) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (B)
41. (A) 42. (B) 43. (C) 44. (C) 45. (D) 46. (A) 47. (B) 48. (B) 49. (D) 50. (D)
51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (A) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (D) 57. (D) 58. (A) 59. (D) 60. (B)
PL

61. (A) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (B) 65. (B) 66. (A) 67. (A) 68. (B) 69. (A) 70. (D)
71. (C) 72. (D) 73. (D) 74. (A) 75. (A) 76. (C) 77. (B) 78. (C) 79. (B) 80. (B)
81. (A) 82. (C) 83. (A) 84. (A) 85. (B) 86. (C) 87. (B) 88. (A) 89. (A) 90. (D)
91. (A) 92. (C) 93. (C) 94. (D) 95. (A) 96. (A) 97. (A) 98. (A) 99. (B) 100. (D)
101. (A) 102. (A) 103. (B) 104. (D) 105. (A) 106. (D) 107. (A) 108. (C) 109. (A) 110. (A)
111. (B) 112. (B) 113. (A) 114. (A) 115. (B) 116. (C) 117. (C) 118. (D) 119. (A) 120. (B)
M

121. (A) 122 (B) 123. (A) 124. (A) 125. (B) 126. (B) 127. (B) 128. (D) 129. (D) 130. (A)
131. (B) 132. (D) 133. (D) 134. (B) 135. (A) 136. (A)

Hints to MCQ's
SA

10. Axial vector

2. Scalar quantity is defined only by its
magnitude. Hence it has the same value for
observers with different orientations of the Right hand screw rule
axes.
Axis of rotation
9. Position vector is a localised vector. i.e., it
13. Both the magnitude and direction of vector are
has a fixed initial point. Hence, position of
indicated using rectangular components and
particle is represented by a unique vector. unit vectors of the given vector. In which, unit

63
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
vectors indicate only the direction. Axial   = cos1(1)
vector and polar vectors are just two different  =0
types of vectors which can possess any given 

magnitude and direction.  component of r along x-axis will have




 maximum value if r is along +ve x-axis.
14. Unit vector in the direction of A , Â = A
 
|A| 19. As the multiple of j in the given vector is
     
(2i   j  4k) (i  j  k) zero, this vector lies in xz-plane and projection

T
= = of this vector on Y-axis is zero.
22  42   4 3
2


20. Let the components of A make angles , 
15. Unit vector = 0.8iˆ  bjˆ  0.4kˆ

N
and  with X, Y and Z axes respectively, then
 0.8  b2   0.4  = 1
2 2
 ==
 0.64 + b2 + 0.16 = 1 cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1

TE
 0.80 + b2 = 1  3cos2  = 1 or cos  = 1
 b2 = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2 3
 b = 0.2  Ax = Ay = Az = A cos  = A
3
 
1  1 j
16. P = i+ 2
2 2 21. tan  =

N
2 2
3

 1   1 
 |P| =     =1 2
 2  2   = tan1  
3  
 It is a unit vector.
17.
O 22.

A = 2i + 4 j – 5k
  

 
R  |A |= (2)2 + (4)2 + (5)2 = 45
Rsin

C
 cos  = 2
, cos  = 4
, cos  =  5
45 45 45
 R cos 
23. sin2 + sin2 + sin2
 = 1  cos2 + 1  cos2 + 1  cos2
E

F = 3  (cos2 + cos2 + cos2) = 3 1 = 2

A person while walking pushes the road with  
 
his feet backward by a force F at an angle  24. P  Q  P Q
PL

with ground. The road in reaction exerts an Sum of two vectors cannot be equal to sum of
equal and opposite force R (= F) on the feet as their unit vectors.
shown in figure. R is resolved into two
rectangular components.       
26. A  2 B + 3 C = (2i  j)  2 (3 j k)
Vertical component R sin  balances the
 
weight of the man while the horizontal
+ 3 (6i  2k)
M

component R cos  helps the man to walk

     
forward provided it is greater than the force of = 2 i + j  6 j + 2k + 18i  6k
friction.
  
= 20 i  5j  4k
SA

18. y
       
28. ( i – 2 j + 2 k ) + (2 i + j – k ) + R = i

r sin r    
 Required vector, R = –2 i + j – k

x 29. Unit vector along Y-axis is ĵ . So, the required
O r cos
 vector,
Component of vector r along x-axis is r cos.        
 R = j – [( i  3 j + 2 k ) + (3 i + 6 j –7 k )]
 rx = r cos
  
Now rx will have maximum value if cos  = 1 = – 4i  2 j + 5k

64
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
   
30. Resultant of vectors A and B , 36. If two vectors A and B are given, then the
         resultant Rmax = A + B = 7 N and
R = A + B = 4i + 3 j + 6k  i + 3 j  8k Rmin = 4  3 = 1 N i.e., net force on the

   particle is between 1 N and 7 N.
 R = 3i + 6 j  2k
       37. According to the problem,

R 3i+ 6 j 2k 3 i + 6 j 2 k
R = 
= = P + Q = 3 and P  Q = 1
|R | 32 + 62 + (2) 2 7
By solving, we get P = 2 and Q = 1

T
    P
31. r = a + b+ c  = 2 or P = 2Q
Q
    
= 4i  j  3i + 2 j k

N
   
   38. R = F1  F2  F3
= i + j k

 
     

r

i  j k i  j k = (3 – 3) i + (–4 + 4) j + (5 – 5) k
r = = =

TE
|r| 12  12  (1)2 3 =0
Hence, the direction is indeterminate.
        
32. r = r2  r1 = (–2 i – 2 j + 0 k )  (4 i – 4 j + 0 k ) 39. A = 3 N, B = 2 N
   
 r = –6 i + 2 j + 0 k R = A2  B2  2ABcos 


| r | = (6)2 + (2)2 + 02 R = 9  4  12 cos  .…(i)

N
Now, A = 6 N, B = 2 N then
= 36 + 4 = 40  2 10
2R = 36 + 4 + 24 cos θ .…(ii)
 
33. Let PQ and QR represent a and b in the 1
From (i) and (ii) we get, cos = 
same order, then according to triangle law of
O     = 120º
2

vector addition, the resultant of a and b is

  
represented by P R 40.
  
A + B = 4 i 3 j + 6 i + 8 j = 10 i + 5 j
 
C
 
i.e. P R = a + b  
  |A + B | = 5 5
Since P R =  R P =  c , 5 1
    tan  = = or  = tan1  1 
 c = a + b 10 2 2
E

  
 a  b c = 0
41. R= 42 + 42 + 2× 4× 4cos120° = 32  16 = 4
Here, B  C =  ˆi  3jˆ  5kˆ    2iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ 
 
34.  4×sin120° 
 = tan–1  –1
PL

 = tan (1.73)

 4 + 4× cos120° 
= 3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ  A

As, A  3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ , 42. R
2F

A = 9  4  1  14 ….(i)
  = 90°
M

Similarly,
 F
B = 1  9  25  35 ….(ii)
2F sin θ
 tan  = =  (as  = 90°)
SA

C = 4  1  16  21 ….(iii) F + 2F cos θ
 F + 2F cos = 0
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get,
1
B2 = A2 + C2 or cos  = –
2
35. AB + AC + AD + AE + A F or  = 120

= AB + AD  DC + AD + AD  DE + A F     
44. Resultant of two vectors A and B can be
= 3 AD +  AB  DE  + DC  AF   
given by, R = A + B
 

= 3 AD 
…. AB =  DE , and DC =  AF  
 
|R |=|A + B|=

A2  B2  2ABcos 

 3  2AO  6AO  
If  = 0, then | R | = A + B = | A | + | B |
 

65
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)

45. Since, R = A2  B2  2ABcos  If B = 1 and A = 4 then their resultant will lie

in between 3 N and 5 N.
A=B=R
Hence it can never be 2 N.
 A2 = 2A2 + 2A2 cos 
     
1 As A  B  C  0, it means A, B and C form a
cos  = – = cos 120 62.
2
closed triangle and hence from triangle law,
  = 120 Resultant is zero.
       
46. Since A + B = C , vector C is the resultant Also, As | A |  | B|, C B

T
   
of vector A and B . Using the triangle law of And | C |  2 | A | 
 
vector addition, we have  = 45º ( A = C )
  A
 A  B and angle between

N
B 135
47. = A 2  B2  2AB cos  .…(i) B and C is 180  45 = 135
2


TE

Bsin θ C B
 tan 90 =  A + B cos = 0
A + Bcosθ
A 
 cos =  A
B 66.
B2
Hence, from (i), = A2 + B2  2A2 10
4

N
B A 3 25 – x
 A= 3  cos =  = –
2 B 2
  = 150 x

48. tan 90 =

Q sin 
O (25 – x) = 10 + x2 2

625 + x2  50x = 100 + x2

2

P  Q cos   x = 10.5 N
 P + Q cos  = 0  25 – x = 14.5 N
C
P  P 
cos  = or  = cos1   67. Let A and B be the two forces.
Q Q Then A = 3x; B = 5x; R = 28 N and  = 60
A 3
  Thus, =
52. | A | + | B | = 18 .…(i) B 5
E

12 = A2  B2  2ABcos  .…(ii) Now, R = A2  B2  2ABcos 

B sin 
 3x    5x   2  3x  5x  cos600
2 2
 28 =
tan  = A  B cos  = tan 90
PL

A  28 = 9x 2  25x 2  15x 2 = 7x
or cos  = – .…(iii) 28
B  x= =4
By solving (i), (ii) and (iii), 7
A = 13 N and B = 5 N Forces are; A = 3  4 = 12 N and
B = 5  4 = 20 N
43
M

R min 1
54. = =    
R max 43 7 68. R  A B C
From figure we have,
55.  = 120  30 = 90   
A = 4i 3 j ….(i)
SA

 R = 3  4  23 4cos90 = 5 unit

2 2


B=3i ….(ii)
56. The magnitude of the resultant vector of two  
given vectors can be less than the magnitude C= 2 j ….(iii)
of individual vectors if the angle between two    

 3
Resultant is given by R = A + B + C
vectors is in between to .     
2 2 R = (4 i + 3 j ) + 3 i + 2 j
  
57. If two vectors A and B are given, then range R =7i +5 j
of their resultant can be written as Magnitude of resultant vector is
(A  B)  R  (A + B). 

i.e. Rmax = A + B and Rmin = A  B |R| = 49  25

66
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors

From the above equations, we get
|R| = 74

Ax =  Bx , Ay =  By , Az =  Bz
 | R | = 8.6 m and angle with X-axis is 74. Let
 = 35.5      
A = 2 i + 3 j and B = 2 j + 3 k
69. As per given condition;  
   
A  B = 10 ….(i)  A + B = (2 i + 3 j ) + (2 j + 3 k )
and A2  B2 = 50 ….(ii)   
= 2 i + (3 + 2) j + 3 k
From (i), A = B + 10

T
  
Putting this value in (ii), we get = 2i + 5 j + 3k
(B + 10)2 + B2 = 502.   

On solving we get,  x – component of ( A + B ) = 2 i

N
  
B = 30 N or 40 N. y  component of ( A + B ) = 5 j
Therefore, A = 40 N or 30 N.
   
70. Rmax = A + B = 17 when  = 0

TE
75. r = xi + y j + zk
Rmax = A  B = 7 when  = 180 
by solving we get, A = 12 and B = 5  |r|= x 2 + y2 + z2
Now when  = 90 r= 62 +82 +102 = 10 2 m
2 2
then R = A +B  

 R = (12) + (5)2 = 169 = 13

2 78. A and B are parallel to each other. This

N
 
implies A = m B . Comparing X-component,
71. The angle  which the resultant R makes with
1
A is given by m= . Comparing Y-component, a = – 4 and
2
Bsin θ
tan  =
A + Bcosθ
O comparing Z-component b = 6.
 
 Bsin    80. As the required vector, say C , is parallel to A ,
 tan   = ….    
2   A  Bcos   2   
C
 C = n A where, n is a real number,
 θ θ
sin   2Bsin   cos     

 2 =  2  2  C =  4n  i   3n  j
 A + Bcosθ  
cos  
2 Now, | C | = | B |
E

  4n    3n  =  7    24  = 25
2 2 2 2
which gives, A + B cos  = 2B cos2   
2 5n = 25
    n=5
PL

 A + B  2cos 2    1 = 2B cos2   
  2   2 

C =  4  5 i   3  5  j


which gives A = B.  

72. As the body is at rest, = 20 i  15 j


  
The net force acting on the body ( Fnet ) is zero 83. If angle between j and j  k is , then
M

   
  
Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3 j ( j k) 1 1
   cos  =   
= =
 0 = F1 + F2 + F3 | j | | j k | 1 2 2
  

SA

 F3 =  F1  F2  = .
  
4
 F3 =  4 i  6 j        

73. Given that 84. Given: A = 2 i + 3 j + 8 k , B = – 4 i +4 j +  k

     
A+B = 0 A B = 0 ….[ A  B ]
     
     
 (Ax i + Ay j + Az k ) + (Bx i + By j + Bz k ) = 0 

A B = (2 i + 3 j + 8 k )(– 4 i + 4 j +  k )


  
 (Ax + Bx) i + (Ay+ By) j + (Az + Bz) k = 0 = 2  ( 4) + 3  4 + 8
 Ax + Bx = 0; ….(i) =0
Ay + By = 0; ….(ii) 1
 =
Az + Bz = 0; ….(iii) 2

67
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
85. As the vectors are mutually perpendicular,  

     
89. P Q = 0
A  B  B C  A  C  0  a2  2a 3 = 0 or a = 3
 a ˆi  ˆj  kˆ   ˆi  bjˆ  kˆ   0 90. Vectors are orthogonal
 
 a+b+1=0 ….(i) i.e. A B = 0
Similarly,  t   t 
 cost cos   + sin t sin   = 0
1+b+c= 0 ....(ii) 2
   2
a+1+c= 0 ....(iii)
 t 

T
Adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get,  cos t  =0
 2 
2(a + b + c) + 3 = 0
3  t 
or cos  = 0

N
 a+b+c= 
2  2
3 t 
 1 + c = ....[from (i)]  =
2 2 2

TE
1 
 c=   t=
2 
Substituting in equation (ii) and (iii), we get,   
 
1 91.   A   B   C  0,
a=b=   
2         
[(i  j  2k) (i  j  k)].[(2 i  3 j  4k)]  0

N

86. The component of vector A along vector  2( + ) 3 (  ) + 4( 2) = 0
    

  9 + 9 = 0
B
B = ( A  B ) B where, B = 
and | B | is :=1:1


O
|B|
92.
 
A  B = AB cos 
the magnitude of vector B .    
      Given, A  B =  A B
Now ( A  B ) = (2 i + 3 j ) ( i + j )
C
      
i.e. cos  =  1 or  = 180
= 2ii + 2i  j + 3 j i + 3 j     

=2+0+0+3 93. Given, | V1  V2 | = | V1  V2 | ,

   
=5 then | V1  V2 |2 = | V1  V2 |2
E

      

B i j i j i+ j or
Also, B = 
=  
= =
1 12 2
2        
|B| | i j |  V1  V2    V1 + V2  =  V1  V2    V1  V2 
       
PL


    5  
 B   A B  B   i j On solving we get, 4V1V2 cos  = 0
  2 
or  = 90
      
87. AB = (3  2) i  (5  3) j (7  4)k = i  2 j 3k 94.
 
As A + B = A  B ,
 

Similarly,
     A2 + B2 + 2AB cos = A2 + B2  2AB cos
M

CD = 2 i  4 j 6k  4AB cos  = 0, i.e. cos  = 0 = cos 90

 
 AB  CD = |AB||CD| cos   = 90
 
(2)  (8)  (18) 97. A  B = AB cos  ….(i)
 cos = =1
SA

(1)2  (2)2  (3)2 (2)2  (4)2  (6)2      

= (3 i + 4 j + 5 k )(6 i + 8 j + 10 k )
  = 0
= 3  6 + 4  8 + 5  10 = 100 ….(ii)
 The vectors are collinear if they are scalar
The magnitudes of A and B are
multiples of each other.
A= (3)2 + (4)2 + (5)2 = 50 ….(iii)
 
88. W = F. s B = (6)2  (8)2  (10)2 = 200 ….(iv)
     
= (3 i + c j + 2 k ).(–4 i + 2 j – 3 k ) Substituting the values from (ii), (iii) and (iv)
in (i), we have
= 12 + 2c  6
Work done = 6 J ….(given) 100 = 50  200 cos  = 100 cos 
 12 + 2c  6 = 6 or c = 12  cos  = 1 or  = zero.

68
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
    
98. AB  3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , AC  ˆi  2 ˆj  kˆ i j k
  

    = r  F = 1 2 1
  
CB  AB  AC  3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  ˆi  2jˆ  kˆ = 2iˆ  ˆj 105.
5 2 5
 
∠ABC is angle between AB and CB ,   
 Consider, = i(10  2)  j(5  5) + k(2  10)
      
AB  CB = AB CB cos ....(i) = 8i  10 j +12k

T
  
     
 AB CB  3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  2iˆ  ˆj  6  1 5 106. ( A + B )  ( A  B )
       
 = A  A  A  B + B  A  B  B
 3  1  1  11
2 2
AB  2

N
   
=0 A  B + B  A 0
      
and CB   2 2  (1) 2  5 = B  A + B  A = 2( B  A )

TE
  
 5 = 11  5  cos  ....[from (i)] i j k
    
5 107. L = r  p = 1 2 1 = – j – 2 k
 cosθ =
11 3 4 2
 5 
   cos 1   i.e. the angular momentum is perpendicular to
 11  X-axis.

N
99. Direction of vector A is along Z-axis        
(z-axis is r to plane of paper) 108. A = 2 i + 2 j  k and B = 6 i  3 j + 2 k
N         



A = ak


Direction of vector B is
O 
j 
i
C = A  B = (2 i + 2 j  k )  (6 i  3 j + 2 k )
  

W E i j k
 
towards north 
= 2 2 1 = i  10 j 18 k
C
 
 B= bj 6 3 2
    
Now A  B = a k  b j = ab( i ) S  

 
Unit vector perpendicular to both A and B
 The direction of A  B is along west. 
i  10 j  18k

i  10 j  18k
   
E

100. Since, cross product of two vectors is û = =

12  (10) 2  (18)2 5 17
anti-commutative.
      
109. A B = | A | | B| cos  = 2 3 ….(i)
PL

i j k
  
103. = r F = 3 2 3    
| A B | = | A | | B| sin  = 2 ….(ii)
2 3 4
Dividing (ii) by (i) we get,
 2 1
= [(2  4)  (3  (3))] i  [(4  3)  (2  3)] j

tan  = =
2 3 3
M


+ [(3  (3))  (2  2)] k   = tan1(1/ 3 ) = 30
  
 
= 17 i  6 j  13 k 111. Area of parallelogram = A  B
     

   

r  2iˆ  3kˆ  2iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ = 2jˆ  kˆ = ( i + 2 j + 3 k )  (3 i  2 j + k )
SA

104.
  
  
  r F i j k
  
= 1 2 3 = (8) i + (8) j – (8) k
=  2ˆj  kˆ    4iˆ  5ˆj  6kˆ 
3 2 1
ˆi ˆj kˆ
= 0 2 1 Magnitude = 64  64  64 = 8 3
4 5 6 112. Radius vector
        
= ˆi  12   5   ˆj 0   4   kˆ  0  8 r = r 2  r 1 = (2 i –3 j + k ) – (2 i + j + k )
 
= 7iˆ  4jˆ  8kˆ  r = 4 j

69
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)
   
a means change in magnitude of vector i.e.
Linear momentum, p = 2 i + 3 j – k
| OB |  | OA |
 Angular momentum is given by
    aa=0
i j k Hence, a = 0
    
L = r  p = 0 4 0 = 4 i + 8 k    
2 3 1 121. r = 3t 2 i + 4t 2 j + 7 k
 
At t = 0, r1 = 7 k
  

T

i j k   
   At t = 10 s, r2 = 300 i + 400 j + 7k ,
113. v =   r = 1 2 2     
0 4 3   r = r2  r1 = 300 i + 400 j

N
  
      |  r | = | r2  r1 |= (300)2  (400)2 = 500 m
= i (6 – 8) – j (–3) + 4 k = –2 î + 3 j + 4 k
 122. If a point has coordinates (x, y, z), then its

TE
 | v| = (2)2  (3)2  42 = 29 units   
position vector = x i + y j + z k .
   
114. Given, OA  a  3i  6 j  2k and     
    123. A B = j  2 k , | R | = 1 4 = 5
OB  b  2 i  j  2k
Direction cosines are,
  
i j k 0
cos  =

N
 
 ( a  b ) = 3 6 2 5
2 1 2 1
cos  =
5

= (12  2) i + (4 + 6) j + (3 + 12) k

O 
cos  =
2
5
  
= 10 i + 10 j + 15 k
124. If the angle between all the forces is equal and
C
 
 | a  b | = 10  10  15 2 2 2 the forces lie in one plane, then the resultant
force will be zero.
= 425 = 5 17
1   5 17 125. For giving a zero resultant, it should be
 Area of OAB = |a b| = sq.unit possible to represent the given vectors along
2 2
E

the sides of a closed polygon with the

  
115. Volume of parallelopiped = ( A  B ) C minimum number of sides of a polygon to be
   three.
PL

i j k
         
A  B = 2 6 3 126. Let A = 2 i + 3 j  k and B =  4 i 6 j +  k
 
0 5 0
A and B are parallel to each other
   a1 a a 2 3 1
= i (0  15)  j (0) + k (10  0)  = 2 = 3 i.e. = =
b1 b2 b3 4 6 
M

 
=  15 i + 10 k or  = 2
      
 ( A  B ) C = (15 i + 10 k )(  2 i + k ) 127. Let n̂ 1 and n̂ 2 be the two unit vectors, then
= 30 + 10 the sum is
SA

= 40 cubic unit n̂ S = n̂ 1 + n̂ 2

117. Direction of second force should be at 180°.  ns2 = n12 + n 22 + 2n1n2 cos 
= 1 + 1 + 2 cos 
120. From the figure, | OA | = a and | OB | = a Since it is given that nS is also a unit vector,

Also, from triangle rule, OB – OA = AB =  a therefore 1 = 1 + 1 + 2 cos 
1

 cos  =  or  = 120
 | a | = AB 2
Since d =
arc
or AB = a.d Now the difference vector is, n̂ d = n̂ 1  n̂ 2
radius

or n d2 = n12 + n 22  2n1n2 cos 
So, | a | = ad = 1 + 1 2cos(120)
70
 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
  
 n d2 = 2  2(1/2) = 2 + 1 = 3 Now, | R | = | A + B | = A 2  B2  2ABcos 
 nd = 3 1
= A 2  B 2  2AB  
      2
128. If P  P = 0 and P  P = 0 , then 1
     
=  A 2  B2  AB  2
P  P  P  P because P  P is perpendicular
   
to P and ( P  P ) is collinear with P .  
134. Let A ( B  A ) = A  C
  

T
  
129. R = 22  32  2  2  3  cos  = 1 Here, C = B  A which is perpendicular to
By solving, we get  = 180 both vectors A and B
 

 Cross product = 2  3 sin 180 = 0

N
 
 AC = 0
 
130. Let the two forces be F1 and F2    

 according to given condition we have, 135. ( a + b )  ( a – b )

TE
       
      = a  a – a  b+ b  a – b  b ….(i)
 F1  F 2    F1  F 2  = 0
     Cross product of parallel vectors is zero,
….(orthogonality condition)     

            Therefore, a  a = b  b = 0
  F1 F1    F1 F 2    F 2  F1    F2  F2  = 0  
        a  b = (ab sin ) n̂ = – [(ba sin ) n̂ ]

N
 
      =– b  a
  F1 F1    F 2  F 2  = 0
       
     a  b = – ba
 F1 F1 = F2  F2 Substituting the values in relation (i), we get
 F12 cos = F22 cos
O   
( a + b )  ( a – b ) = 2( b  a )
  

 F = F
1
2 2
2
   
 F1 = F2 136. A  B = 0; A  C = 0
C
131. If three vectors are coplanar, then Z   

   D BC
( A  B ) C = 0
1 2 3 
C
E

i.e., 0 x 3 =0 Y

7 3 11

 1 ( 11x  9) + 2(0  21) + 3(0  7x) = 0 B
PL

  11x  9  42  21x = 0 X
51
  32x = 51 or x = 
A is perpendicular to B as well as C
 

32
  
    Now, let D  B  C
132. If A B  | A  B | 
M

    The direction of D is perpendicular to the

 | A || B | cos  = | A || B | sin   
plane containing B and C
 tan  = 1 or  = 45   

Hence, A is parallel to D that is, A is
 Magnitude of C = A  B  2AB cos 
2 2
SA

 
parallel to B  C
= A 2  B2  2AB   
1
 2
= A 2  B2  2 AB

   
133. | A  B | = 3 A.B
 AB sin  = 3 AB cos 
 tan  = 3   = 60
1
 cos  = cos 60 =
2

71
 Absolute Physics Vol - I (Med. and Engg.)

Topic Test
1. If a unit vector is represented by 8. For what value of x will the two vectors
    
0.5 i  0.8 j + c k , then the value of c is A = 2 î + 2 ĵ – x k̂ and B = 2 î  ĵ – 3 k̂ be

(A) 0.01 (B) 0.11 perpendicular to each other?

2
(C) 0.39 (D) 1 (A) x=
3


T
2. If n̂ is the unit vector in the direction of A , 3
(B) x=
then 2

A   4
(C) x =

N
(A) n̂ = 
(B) n̂ = A | A | 3
|A|
2
 (D) x =
|A|  3
(C) n̂ = (D) n̂ = n̂  A

TE

 
A
9. If A = 3 î + 4 ĵ and B = 6 î + 8 ĵ , then which of
3. Out of the following sets of forces, the the following is NOT true?
resultant of which set of forces can never be  

zero? (A) | A  B | = 10
(A) 15, 15, 15 (B) 15, 30, 60 
|A| 1
(B) =

N
(C) 25, 15, 30 (D) 15, 30, 30 
|B| 2
4. How many minimum number of vectors of  
equal magnitude are required to produce zero (C) | A.B | = 50
resultant?
(A) 2 (B) 3
O (D)

|A| = 5
(C) 4 (D) More than 4   
10. If c = a  b , then
5. Any vector in an arbitrary direction can
C

(A) always be replaced by two or three (A) the direction of c changes when the
 
parallel vectors which have the original angle between a  b increases up to
vector as their resultant.
 (0-180)
(B) always be replaced by two or three 
E

mutually perpendicular vectors which (B) the direction of c changes, when the
have the original vector as their  

resultant. angle between a and b decreases up to

(C) always be replaced by two or three  (  > 0° )
PL


arbitrary vectors which have the original (C) the direction of c does not change,
vector as their resultant.  
(D) not be resolved into component vectors. when the angle between a and b
increases
6. Find the resultant of three vectors, OA , OB 
(D) the direction of c changes when angle
M

and OC shown in the following figure. Radius  

of the circle is R. between a and b increases.

(A) 2R C  
B 11. A and B are two vectors and θ is the angle
45o
SA

   
(B) R(1 + 2 ) between them. If | A  B | = 3 ( A  B ), the
45o
A value of θ is
(C) R 2 O
(A) 30 (B) 45
(D) R( 2 – 1) (C) 60 (D) 90
 
 12. Vector A is along + X-axis and the vector B
7. Consider a vector F = 4 î  3 ĵ . Another   


is such that A  B = 0, then B will be
vector that is perpendicular to F is  
(A) 4j (B) –4i
(A) 4iˆ + 3jˆ (B) 6 î
–  i  j    
 
(C) (D)  j  k
(C) 7 k̂ (D) 3iˆ  4jˆ    

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 Chapter 02 : Scalars and Vectors
   
13. If A = i  j + k , then unit vector in the

direction of A is
   
(A) 3j (B) (i  j + k)
     
(i  j k) (i  j+ k)
(C) (D)
2 3


T
14. If a vector ( A ) of magnitude 7 units is
multiplied by 2, then the new vector quantity
has a magnitude of

N

(A) 14 units in direction of A

(B) 14 units in opposite direction of A

(C) 7 units in direction of A

TE

(D) 7 units in opposite direction of A
       
15. Vectors A  5 i  4 j a k and B  10 i  b j 6 k
are parallel to each other, then values of ‘b’
and ‘a’ are

N
(A) 8, 3 (B) –8, –3
(C) –8, 3 (D) 8, –3

Answer to Topic Test

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)
O 4. (A)
5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A)
9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (B)
C
13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (C)
E
PL
M
SA

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SA
M
PL
E
C
O
N
TE
N
T