FIRST ASIAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS COLLEGE, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner: ___________

Grade Level: _______________
Section: ___________________
Date: ______________________
SOCRATIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
CHAPTER 2 ( Method of Philosophizing )

(PPT11/12-ld-2.2/PPT11/12-lc-2.3)

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Your teacher asked you to give a concrete definition of love. You confidently
answered the question : “ Love is kind. Love is patient.”
However, instead of accepting your answer, she responded to you with another
question: “Yes, but what do you mean by kindness and patience?”
Surprised you answered her question again, this time giving some examples to raise
your point. Your teacher continued to ask you further questions as responses to your
statements.
*Why did your teacher do that ?
*What was she doing?
*What did she want to get from you in doind so?
*Find out the answer in this lesson!
Learn about it!
In the given scenario, the teacher kept on asking about your responses to the
questions. What she did is called Socratic Questioning- a type of interrogative
statement that clarifies points through understanding the deeper meaning of a claim.
SOCRATIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
The Socratic method, also known by the Greek term elenchus that means “to inquire
or to cross-examine”, is an exchange of ideas using Socratic questioning.It was
developed by Socrates , a Greek philosopher and teacher, who laid the ground work
for Western systems of Philosophy and logic.
In this process, statements are deconstructed or questioned to come up with the actual
truth that is believed to rest on the roots of the argument.
Conflicting ideas are seen as invalid sources of the truth, and probing questions are
immediately derived from the the given statements.
In a classroom setting , this method is used not to intimidate students, but to produce a
deeper understanding of thoughts and ideas through further questioning statements or
claims.
There is no particular end goal aside from reaching an absolute truth from probing
statements and, in the process, eliminating ideas that are questionable or
contradicting.
Examples:
-A psychologist is trying to dig deeper into the story of his patient who only mentions
vague and general ideas.
-A lawyer is asking further questions about the suspect's whereabouts during the
crime because she is not entirely convinced by his alibi
-A mother is questioning her son's real reason for his excessive abscences from
school.
OPINION, FACT AND TRUTH
In using the Socratic method, it is important to analyze expressions and statements
that show the differences of opinion, fact and truth.
OPINION
An opinion is an expression of one's feelings based on facts, emotions, beliefs or
views. It is not based on evidence. Opinion is what someone believes or thinks. A fact
is firmly planted in the material world, while truth extends to the spritual realm.
EXAMPLES:
Filipinos are the most resilient and hospitable people in the world.
Manny Pacquiao is the best Filipino boxer.
FACT
A fact is a statement that can be checked and backed up with evidence. It is often used
in conjunction with the research study.
EXAMPLES:
Based on the Miss World Organization records, Megan Young was the first Filipina to
be crowned as Miss World. She won the title in 2013 in Bali, Indonesia.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the country's total population is
92,337,852. It is based on the recent May 2010 census.

TRUTH
A truth is something that has actual and proven existence scientifically and spiritually
regardless of one's opinion and beliefs. It is undisputed, objective, universal, constant,
exact and factual.
EXAMPLES:
All things that can be seen are temporal.(undisputed)
Two plus two equals for (2+2=4) . (exact)
The Philippines, as proven in geographical and anthropological properties, is a
country in Southern Asia. (factual)
Opinion is what someone believes or thinks. A fact is firmly planted in the material
world, while truth extends to the spritual realm.
SOCRATIC METHOD LEADS TO WISDOM AND TRUTH
The socratic method has been emphasized to use statement deconstructions and
creative questioning to delve deeper into an issue. It is a systematic process whereby
random and ambiguous ideas are eliminated to reach a sound conclusion. Reaching
an endpoint, therefore, would only mean that truth has been realized, and new
knowledge has been acquired
-love is kind
-loving parents show love by sacrificing their lives for their children.
-love (agape) is selfless and unconditional. It is manifested in both physical and
spiritual realms.
TRY IT!
Try to engage in Socratic questioning exercise with your friend. You may be the one
to initiate the process by asking your friend any relevant topic about the discussion.
From there, you may further ask questions related to your friend's responses. Continue
to clarify the responses until you have fully grasped the idea presented. This activity
may also be done alternatively, with your friend probing you for your answers

ACTIVITY:
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer on the space provided.

___1.What does the greek word elenchus mean?

a. ''to inquire''
b. ''to implicate''
c. ''to elaborate''
d. ''to intrude''

___2.What is Socrates' main contribution to Western philosophy and logic?

a. He wrote an extensive book about it.
b. He asked his students to focus on it.
c. He laid out the foundation for it.
d. He saw it as the center of philosophy.

___3.What type of interrogative method clarifies points through understanding the deeper
meaning of a claim?
a. Socratic questioning
b. Socratic theory
c. Socratic fact-truth inquiry
d. Socratic philosophizing

___4. Which of the following statement is true?

a. A truth is absolute
b. A fact is undisputed
c. An opinion is a fact.
d. Fact and truth are the same

___5.While using the socratioc method in your class discussion, two of your classmates stated
contradicting statements about the issue at hand. What should you do with those
contradictions?
a. Accept both statements as valid.
b. Ask the class to vote on which statement should be accepted.
c. Do not accept any of the two statements as valid.
d. Ask the teacher her views about the statements.

___6. A lawyer wants to further examine the statement of his client who said that she “took
her time” to pick out a dress before proceeding to the party where the crime took place. If you
were the lawyer, how would you probe the statement of your client?
a. “How much time do you mean when you say that you “took your time”.
b. “How much money did you bring to that party?
c. “What is your relationship with the person hosted the party?
d. “What type of dress did you buy?”

___7. What may be a fitfall when engaging in the Socratic method?

Select your answer
a. People may have panic attacks from quick thinking.
b. Questioning may lead a way from the actual purpose of the argument.
c. Probing my reveal incoherent answers.
d. The argument may take too much time.

___8. Which of the following statement is true?

1. Using the Socratic method helps develop critical thinking.
2. The Socratic method only accepts factual statements.
Select your answer
a. Both statement 1 and 2 are false.
b. Statement 1 is true . Statement 2 is false.
c. Both statement 1 and 2 are true
d. Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true.

___9.Which statement describes the Socratic method ?

1. It conclusions do not involve conflicting ideas.
2. It initial argument is always the statement being examined.
Select your answer
a. statement 1
b. both statement 1 and 2
c. neither statement 1 nor 2
d. statement 2

___10.How can the use of the Socratic method be described if placed in the academic setting?
1. The teacher probes the intimidate students.
2. The Socratic method always has a clearly defined specific goal highlighted before the start
of the process.
Select your answer
a. neither statement 1 nor 2
b. statement 1
c. statement 2
d. both statements 1 and 2

Reference:
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON BOOK/
www.google.com

Prepared by:
MIKEE R. MARCELO

FIRST ASIAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS COLLEGE, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner: ___________

Grade Level: _______________
Section: ___________________
Date: ______________________
DIALECTIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
CHAPTER 2 ( Method of Philosophizing )
(PPT11/12-ld-2.2/PPT11/12-lc-2.3)

1.2 INTRODUCTION
While waiting for your teacher, you overhear your two classmates debating on
which part of the day is better for studying for an exam. one of them that she prefers
to study at night because it is quiet, while the other stated that he likes to study in the
morning because it is when he most feels active. after an exchange of factual
knowledge about their study habits, your classmates both agreed that studying during
the morning is better that studying at night.
 DIALECTIC METHOD
In the previous example, your two classmates were able to conclude that it is
better to study in the morning after having analyzed the facts that they presented to
each other. To come up with that, they used a process called dialectics or the dialectic
method.
DIALECTIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
*The term 'dialectic' comes from the greek world dialektike which means ' the art
of conversation.'
*It is the art of talking back of the forth, disagreeing with one another, and
arguing about contentious issues.
*In philosophy, it is a method of coming up with a conclusion from an exchange
of contradicting logical arguments.
* The aim of dialectics, as a process of the dialogue, is the clarification of
controversial nations arguments with other people. in this process personal and
shared conceptions should be considered and corrected.
*Many philosophers, such as Hegel, Aristotle, and,Socrates had their own beliefs
and explanations about this approach ; however, the basic concept remains to be the
same.
Examples:
* discussing the pros and cons of a variety of a human resoures strategies as
forms of managing employees in the work place, then choosing the best option.
* Evaluating two physical activities regarding their ability to increase work
performance
OPINION AND TRUTH
* The dialectic method may involve both opinions and fact as long as they are
logical and lead to the truth. It is therefore important to distinguish opinion from truth.
* An opinion is a personal view formed about a particular matter, such as your
perception of using e-books rather than actual books.
* Truth is something that has real and proven existence regardless of one's
opinion, such as the fact that the heart is a muscle.
Read the following statements, the distinguish the opinion from the truth.

STATEMENT A STATEMENT B

The President is the most intelligent The President is the most powerful
person in the country. person in the country.
 Statement A is an opinion since there is no proof or evidence that the President is
indeed the most intelligent person in the country,.
Statement B is a truth because the president is the head of the state and chief
officer of the country. Thus, he is the most powerful leader of the country.
The Dialectic Method Lead to Wisdom and Truth
The dialectic method can easily be seen in the day-to-day interactions of people.
It is much like a debate that poses two clashing but valid arguments to determine an
endpoint that is correct and true. In this sense, the truth of both arguments is always
expected to rise from each conversation.
Where is the best time to study?
-During the day, specifically during late morning.
Why is it best to study during late morning?
-Working memory, alertness, and concentration gradually improve throughout the
morning, with high peaks during late morning.
What are the proofs that this is true?
-The human body is naturally designed to work during the day and rest during the
night.
-It was found that there are more health benefits from working during morning
and when the circadian rhythm is not disrupted.
TIP
The dialectic method deals largely with logical ideas. Opinionated points are
allowed as long as they are logical and they help in coming up with the truth;
however, the endpoint should always be the truth.
Dialectic, as a philosophical method, should not be mistaken for dialectical
materialism. Although both concepts fall under philosophy, dialectical materialism is
a Marxian topic that caters to a more liberal readership.
KEYPOINTS!
Dialectic is a method of coming up with the true conclusion based on contradicting
logical ideas.
The dialectic method may involve both opinions and facts as long as they are logical
and lead to the truth.
An opinion is an expression of a person's feelings based on facts, emotions, and
beliefs, while the truth is something that has actual and proven existence scientifically
and historically regardless of one's opinion and beliefs.
Hegel, Aristotke and Socrates were so convinced in the validity of the dialectic
method that they postulated their own versions and explanations of the whole process.
The dialectic method of philosophizing leads to wisdom and truth.
ACTIVITY:
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer on the space provided.
___1. What does the Greek word dialektike means?
a.''the art of construction''
b.'' the art of debating''
c.''the art of philosophizing''
d.''the art of converstaion''
___2.Who among the following philosophers did not create his own version of the
dailectic method?
a.Kant
b. Aristotle
c. Hegel
d. Socrates
___3.Which of the following elements is expected to come out and must prevail in
every dialectic process?
a.Compassion
b. Truth
c. Opinion
d. Acceptance

___4. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the dialectic method?

a. looking at the bulletin board to read about the suspension of classes.
b. haggling with a vendor for a certain product and eventually agreeing on aprice.
c.Giving speech at your friend's birthday party,
d. replaying to the text message of your mother.

___5. What is the difference between truth and opinion?

a. Truth can be objective or subjective, but opinion is always objective
b. Truth is subjective, while opinion is objective.
c.Truth is objective, while opinion is subjective.
d. Truth is always subjective, but opinion can be subjective or objective

___6. Your classmate argues that your school fee will have 40% increase in the next
quarter. You disagree. How will you respond to her if you want to facilitate dialectic
conversation?
a.'' The administration would have already given us detailed memo by now if that is
true''
b. ''My parents will be shocked to hear that''
c.'' The tuition is already too expensive. I cannot afford that''
d.''Many students will want to avail the scholarship for the next quarter''

___7. Which of the following situations expresses an opinion?

a.In a partrialchal society, men are the head of the family.
b. Niel tells a blind boy that red is '' like eating a red chili pepper''
c. Sally believes that all things visible to the eyes are material things
d. At a young age, liza already knows that dragons and unicorns are mythical
creatures.

___8. Which of the statements are true?

1. Opinions can be used in making a dialectic argument
2. The dialectic process should involve atleast two people
a. statement 2
b. both statement 1 and 2 are true
c. both statement 1 and 2 are false
d. Statement 1

___9.Which statement support the basic premise of the dialectic method?

1. Conclusions are made from conflicting ideas.
2. The truth is determined solely by objective reason.
a. statement 1
b. both statement 1 and 2
c. neither statement 1 nor 2
d. statement 2

___10. How will you justify the dialectic method as an appropriate tool for resolving
three different conflicting ideas?
1. As long as objective and subjective forms of communication can be made about
these conflicting ideas, then the number of conflicting points does not matter.
2. As long as conclusion can be made from these conflicting thoughts, then the
number of conflicting points does not matter.
a. statement 1 b. both statement 1 and 2
c. neither statement 1 nor 2 d. statement 2

GUIDE QUESTION (10pts)

Can the dialect method be used to arrive at a conclusion for three or more conflicting
points? Why? Why not?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Reference:
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON BOOK/
www.google.com

Prepared by:
MIKEE R. MARCELO