Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

EXPT No:
DATE:

SWINEBURNE’S TEST ON D.C. MACHINE

AIM: To determine the efficiency of the d.c. machine by conducting Swineburne's

test.

APPARATUS:
Ammeter (MC) 0-5AI 1 No.
0-1 A 1 No.
Voltmeter (MC) 0 - 300 V 1 No.
0-30 V 1 No.
Rheostats 18 Ohms 1 No.
200 Ohms 1 No.
Tachometer 1 No.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
Swineburne’s Test:
0–5A

A MC
+ -
220 Ohm
18 Ohm
Cut-Out
Cut-In
+
+ Z
V
A
V 0 – 300V
-
- MC
230 Volt,
S M
DC Supply ZZ
+
AA
If A 0–2A
-
MC

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE SWINEBURNE’S TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

Lamp Load
+
0 – 10 A A LAMP LOAD
MC -

A
- +
S V
V 0 – 15V
230 Volt,
DC Supply - MC

AA

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ARMATURE RESISTANCE

PROCEDURE: For Swinburne’s Test:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. The name plate details of the motor are noted down.
2. With 18 Ohm rheostat in the cut-in position, 200 Ohm rheostat in cut-out position,
supply switch S1 is closed
3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by cutting out 18 Ohm rheostat and if
necessary cutting in the 200 Ohm rheostat.
4. The meter readings are taken in the tabular column. The rheostats are brought back
to their initial positions and the supply switch is opened.

For the measurement of Armature Resistance:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With load switches open, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. A load is applied and the meter readings are noted down in the tabular column.
4. The load is reduced and the supply switch is opened.

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

OBSERVATIONS:
NAME PLATE DETAILS
Rated voltage :
Rated Current :
Field Current :
Rated Speed :
Rating :

TABULAR COLUMNS:

SWINBURNE’S TEST
Speed, V0 I0 If
N rpm Volts Amps Amps

Armature Resistance
S. No. V I Resistance. Ra = V/ I
Volts Amps
1
2
3
Average resistance

CALCULATIONS:

No load input = V0 I0

No load armature current , Ia0 = I0 - If

Field copper loss = V0 If

No load armature copper loss = Ia02 Ra

Constant losses of the machine = V0 I0 - Ia02 Ra

Efficiency of the machine as motor:

Copper losses at full load = Iafl2 Rafl

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

Where Iafl is the full load armature current = I - If

and Rafl = Ra X 1.25

𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡−𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠

Efficiency at full load =
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

2
𝑉𝐼 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎𝑓𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑙 − 𝑉𝐼𝑓
=
𝑉𝐼

Efficiency at full load, x

2
𝑥𝑉𝐼 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 − 𝑥 2 𝐼𝑎𝑓𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑙 − 𝑉𝐼𝑓
=
𝑥𝑉𝐼

Efficiency of the machine as generator:

Copper losses at full load = Iafl2 Rafl

Where Iafl is the full load armature current = I + If

and Rafl = Ra X 1.25

𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡

Efficiency at full load =
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑡+𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑉𝐼
= 2
𝑉𝐼 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝐼𝑎𝑓𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑙 + 𝑉𝐼𝑓

Efficiency at full load, x

𝑥𝑉𝐼
= 2
𝑥𝑉𝐼 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑥 2 𝐼𝑎𝑓𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑙 + 𝑉𝐼𝑓

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 Electrical Machines Laboratory - 2

The efficiencies of the machine as a motor and as generator is to be calculated

for different values of x (x is varied from 0 to 1) and are to be tabulated.

S.No. Load Efficiency of Efficiency of

Motor generator
1 0.1
2 0.2
3 0.3
4 0.4
5 0.5
6 0.6
7 0.7
8 0.8
9 0.9
10 1.0

GRAPHS: Following graphs are to be plotted from the calculations:

1. Load – Efficiency curve for motor
2. Load – Efficiency curve for generator.

Expected Shape for the graphs: The load – efficiency curves for motor and
generator will have the following shape.
Efficiency

Generator

Motor

Load

RESULT: Student should discuss the result – should discuss why the efficiency
of the generator is more than that of motor.

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