Diagnostics and Frequency

Interface Board

Huang FuZhong
Daniel Measurement and Control
December 1998
 DFI Feature Overview
• Two frequency outputs (with 90° phase lagged copies) and
one current output for indicating volumetric flow rate
• Flow direction and frequency data validity discrete outputs
• Temperature and pressure analog signal sampling for
expansion-effect correction (V3.13), flow-profile correction,
and flow-condition-to-base-condition volumetric flow rate
conversion
• Event and data logging (V3.13)
• Second serial port

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Serial Communication

DFI DFI
Serial Port A Serial Port B

DFI
Processor

CPU
Serial Port

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 Serial Communication
Modbus Registers
DFI DFI • CPU Modbus registers
Serial Port A Serial Port B are numbered below
10000, always Metric
units
DFI
Processor • DFI Modbus registers
are numbered 10000 and
above, selectable units
CPU
(U.S. Customary or
Serial Port
Metric)

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 Serial Communication
Parameters
• DFI serial communication
DFI DFI parameters selectable via
Serial Port A Serial Port B DIP switches and jumpers
• Modbus protocol:
– ASCII (E,7,1) or
DFI – RTU (N,8,1)
Processor
• Modbus address: 1 - 32
• Baud rate and driver
CPU
independently selectable
Serial Port
for each port

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 Serial Communication
Parameters
PORT A PORT B
Baud Rate 9600 9600
4800 2400
2400
1200
Driver RS-232C (with or RS-232C (no
without RTS/CTS handshaking) or
handshaking) or RS-485 (no multi-
RS-485 (can be drop)
multi-dropped)

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 Serial Communication
• CPU board must be
DFI DFI
Serial Port A Serial Port B configured for
– ASCII Modbus
– Modbus address 32
DFI – 9600 baud
Processor
• Upon start-up, DFI
changes the CPU Modbus
CPU protocol and address to the
Serial Port DFI values (via Modbus
block 1)

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 DFI Register Units
(ref. 3-9000-719 Table 4)
METRIC U.S. CUSTOMARY

Temperature K (storage) °F
°C (Modbus access)
Pressure MPa (gage or abs) psig or psia

Length m ft

Volume m3 ft3

Volumetric m3/s ft3/sec

Flow Rate m3/hr ft3/hr
m3/day ft3/day
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 Digital Outputs
Old Peripheral Field Connection Board
• Old Peripheral Field Connection board (3-3400-011)
supported three configurations
– internally powered mode (TTL mode)
– “open collector” mode
– externally powered mode
• Configured via jumpers JP4-JP10 on the DFI board;
digital outputs not individually configurable

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 Digital Outputs
New Peripheral Field Connection Boards
• New Peripheral Field Connection boards
(3-3400-016, 1-5 V; 3-3400-017, 4-20 mA) support two
configurations
– internally powered mode (TTL mode)
– “open collector” mode
• Each frequency output and discrete output is
individually configurable via jumpers on the new
Peripheral Field Connection board (JP1-JP6)
(DFI board jumpers JP4-JP10 must be closed)

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 Internally Powered Digital Outputs
• Outputs powered from internal 5 VDC bus
• Maximum cable length 2000 ft
Logic Value Voltage Level Drive Capability
0 < 0.7 V max. sinking current 50 mA
1 > 3.5 V max. sourcing current 50 mA

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 “Open Collector” Digital Outputs
• Applied input voltage on each line should not exceed
30 VDC (new PFC Boards)
18 VDC (old PFC Board)
• Maximum current sinking or sourcing must not
exceed 50 mA
• Maximum cable length (1000Ω, 1/2W pullup resistor):
Frequency Outputs 1000 Hz max. 1000 ft
5000 Hz max. 400 ft
Discrete Outputs 2000 ft

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 Frequency Output Signals
• Two frequency output signals with 90° phase-lagged
copies
• Maximum frequency selectable as 1000 Hz or 5000 Hz
• Can represent forward flow, reverse flow, or absolute flow
(independently selected)
• Can represent flow-condition or base-condition volumetric
flow rate
• Frequency signal feedback for accuracy
• Adjustable KFactor

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 KFactor
• The KFactor is a function of the maximum
frequency, frequency full scale volumetric flow rate,
units system, and volumetric flow rate time unit.

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 KFactor
• UnitsSystem: The units system is selectable as
Metric (default) or U.S. Customary.
Volume unit m3 (Metric) or ft3 (U.S. Customary).

• VolFlowRateTimeUnit: The volumetric flow rate

time unit is selectable as per second, per hour
(default), or per day.

• MaxFrequency: The maximum output frequency

is selectable as 1000 or 5000 Hz (pulses/sec).

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 KFactor
• FreqFullScaleVolFlowRate: The volumetric
flow rate corresponding to the full scale frequency
output (specified by MaxFrequency). Unit of
measurement depends upon the selected system of
units (UnitsSystem) and volumetric flow rate time
unit (VolFlowRateTimeUnit).
• For example, if U.S Customary units are selected
and the volumetric flow rate time unit is per day
then the unit for FreqFullScaleVolFlowRate is
ft3/day.
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 KFactor: Calculation
• Note that the frequency full scale volumetric flow
rate must be converted to m3/s or ft3/sec

MaxFrequen cy (pulses/s)
KFactor (pulses/m 3 ) =
FreqFullSc aleVolFlow Rate (m 3 /s)

MaxFrequen cy (pulses/se c)
KFactor (pulses/ft 3 ) =
FreqFullSc aleVolFlow Rate (ft 3 /sec)

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 KFactor: Example
UnitsSystem = Metric
MaxFrequency = 1000 Hz
VolFlowRateTimeUnit = per hour
Desired KFactor = 10 pulses/m3
MaxFrequen cy (pulses/s )
FreqFullScaleVolFlow Rate =
Desired KFactor (pulses/m 3 )
1000 pulses/s
= 3
= 100 m 3 /s
10 pulses/m
Converting 100 m 3 / s to m 3 / hr :
m3 s
100 × 3600 = 360,000 m 3 /hr
s hr

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 Current Output Signal
• 4 to 20 mA output (zero-scale and full-scale
calibrated)
• Can represent forward flow, reverse flow, or
absolute flow (independent of flow direction
represented by the frequency outputs)
• Represents the same volumetric flow rate
condition as the frequency outputs (flow-condition
or base-condition)

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 Current Output Signal
• User-specified full scale volumetric flow rate
(CurrFullScaleVolFlowRate). Unit of measurement
depends upon the selected system of units
(UnitsSystem) and volumetric flow rate time unit
(VolFlowRateTimeUnit).
• For example, if U.S Customary units are selected
and the volumetric flow rate time unit is ‘per day’
then the unit for CurrFullScaleVolFlowRate is
ft3/day.

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 Frequency and Current Output
Test Mode
• Test mode allows the user to fix the frequency and
current outputs to a specified percentage of full
scale

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 Frequency Validity Discrete Output
• Frequency validity discrete output indicates the
validity of the frequency outputs
logic ‘high’ ⇒ valid
logic ‘low’ ⇒ invalid
• Frequency validity output forced low when in the
Test mode

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 Flow Direction Discrete Output
• Flow direction discrete output indicates the flow
direction
logic ‘high’ ⇒ valid
logic ‘low’ ⇒ invalid
• Flow direction discrete only updated when flow is
above the cut-off

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Temperature and Pressure Inputs
• Flow-condition temperature and pressure used for
– pipe expansion correction (V3.13)
– flow-profile correction (single-path & dual-path meters)
– flow-condition-to-base-condition conversion
• Independently configurable:
enabled (analog input),
disabled (not used), or
specified (Modbus register)

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 Temperature and Pressure
Analog Inputs
• Analog input range is 4 to 20 mA or 0.4 to 2.0 V
• 16-bit A/D converter
• Analog inputs are sampled once per second and can be
averaged over several samples
• Separate system and A/D offset and gain calibrations for
each input:
– system calibration via Maintenance mode
– A/D calibration upon start-up and once per hour

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 Temperature Input
• If the temperature input is enabled, specify the
temperature values corresponding to the minimum
input (4 mA or 0.4 V) and the maximum input (20
mA or 2.0 V)
• If the temperature input is enabled or specified,
specify the alarm limits

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 Pressure Input
• Specify pressure input type (gage or absolute); if
gage, atmospheric pressure must be specified
• If the pressure input is enabled, specify the
pressure values corresponding to the minimum
input (4 mA or 0.4 V) and the maximum input (20
mA or 2.0 V)
• If the pressure input is enabled or specified,
specify the alarm limits

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 Modes of Operation
• Four modes of operation: Normal, Test,
Maintenance (Analog Input Calibration), and
Current Calibration
• DFI processes batch data in all modes
• Non-normal mode timeout feature forces DFI to
Normal mode after specified time limit (can be
disabled)

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 Batch Data Processing
• Polls CPU TimeLapse register to determine when
new batch is ready (selectable polling period)
• When new batch is ready,
– Reads CPU batch flow rate, status, and time
data
– Samples temperature and pressure inputs
– Calculates corrected flow-condition and
base-condition volumetric flow rates
– Updates output signals
– Updates volume accumulations
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 Maintenance Mode
• Used for calibrating the temperature and pressure
inputs
• Batch calculations involving temperature and
pressure use the last measurements taken before
entering the Maintenance mode (measurements
considered invalid)

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 Expansion Correction (V3.13)
• Independent volumetric flow rate corrections for
pipe expansion due to temperature and pressure
changes
• Corrections can be independently enabled/disabled

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 Expansion Correction (V3.13)
• For temperature-effect expansion correction,
– Enable correction (EnableExpCorrTemp)
– Specify Linear Expansion Coefficient
(LinearExpansionCoef)
– Specify Reference Temperature (RefTempLinearExpCoef)
• For pressure-effect expansion correction,
– Enable correction (EnableExpCorrPress)
– Pipe Outside Diameter (PipeOutsideDiameter)
– Young’s Modulus (YoungsModulus)
– Poisson’s Ratio (PoissonsRatio)

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 Expansion Correction (V3.13)
Q ExpCorr ,f = Q Meter × C T × C P

Q ExpCorr,f = Expansion -correction flow -condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr)

Q Meter = Meter -reported flow -condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr)
C T = Temperature-effect expansion correction factor (dimensionless)
C P = Pressure-effect expansion correction factor (dimensionless)

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 AGA8 Calculations
• Compressibility and molar density values
calculated at base and flow conditions; mass
density calculated at flow condition
• Required for flow-profile correction and flow-
condition-to-base-condition conversion
• Gross Methods 1 and 2 implemented (user
selectable) (No Detailed Method)
• Parameters stored in Non-Volatile RAM for
frequent updating (such as gas composition)
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 Reynolds Number
⎛ 4 ⎞ Q ExpCorr,f ρ (Tf ,Pf )
Re = (PathFactor ) ⎜ ⎟
⎝π⎠ d µ

Re = Reynolds number (dimensionless)

⎧ 1.00 for multi-path meters
PathFactor = ⎨
⎩ 0.94 for single- and dual-path meters (dimensionless)
π = pi (3.14159. . . ) (dimensionless)
Q ExpCorr,f = expansion -corrected volumetric flow rate (m 3 / s)
ρ (Tf ,Pf ) = mass density (from AGA8 calculations) (kg/m 3 )
d = inside pipe diameter (m)
µ = dynamic viscosity (Pa • s)

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 Flow-Profile Correction
⎧ 0.242
⎪ 1 + for single-path, dual-path meters
⎪ ⎛ WR 0.835 ⎞
CF = ⎨ LOG ⎜ 0.2703 + ⎟
⎝ ⎠
0 .8
⎪ d Re
⎪⎩ 1 for multi - path meters

Q DFI,f = CF × Q ExpCorr ,f

CF = flow -profile correction factor (dimensionless)

WR = wall roughness (m)
d = pipe inside diameter (m)
Re = Reynolds number (dimensionless)
Q DFI,f = corrected flow -condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr)
Q ExpCorr,f = expansion -corrected flow -condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr)

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 Base-Condition
Volumetric Flow Rate
⎛ pf ⎞ ⎛ Tb ⎞ ⎛ Zb ⎞
Qb = Q DFI,f ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ pb ⎠ ⎝ Tf ⎠ ⎝ Zf ⎠

Qb = base-condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr )

Q DFI,f = corrected flow -condition volumetric flow rate (m 3 / hr)
pf = flow -condition absolute pressure (MPa)
pb = base-condition absolute pressure (MPa)
Tb = base-condition absolute temperature (K)
Tf = flow -condition absolute temperature (K)
Zb = base-condition compressibility (dimensionless)
Zf = flow -condition compressibilty (dimensionless)
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 Event and Data Logging (V3.13)
• Hourly, Daily, Audit, and Alarm Logs
• All circuitry already on board (real-time clock and
512 KByte log memory)
• Log data accessed via special Modbus registers
(same format as EFM1000)
• Chapter 21 compliant
• Y2K compliant

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 Hourly Logging (V3.13)
• Records logged on the hour
• Up to 13 data points (8 currently used)
(non-configurable)
• Stores most recent 862 records in non-volatile
memory (862 records ⇒ 35 days, 22 hours)
• Configurable date/time format (float, long int)
• Configurable volume format (float, long int)
• Readable configuration

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 Daily Logging (V3.13)
• Records logged on the (user-specified) contract hour
• Up to 13 data points (8 currently used)
(non-configurable)
• Stores most recent 862 records in non-volatile
memory
• Configurable date/time format (float, long int)
• Configurable volume format (float, long int)
• Readable configuration

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Hourly and Daily Logging (V3.13)
• Data points logged:
– Flow-condition forward flow volume
– Flow-condition reverse flow volume
– Base-condition forware flow volume
– Base-condition reverse flow volume
– Average flow temperature
– Average flow pressure
– Average absolute flow pressure
– Average flow time (minutes)
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 Audit Logging (V3.13)
• Record logged whenever a DFI or CPU parameter
which affects the flow measurement is modified (see
3-9000-719 for list of monitored registers)
• Record includes date and time of the change, old and
new parameter values
• Stores most recent 2849 records in non-volatile
memory
• Configurable date/time format (float, long int)

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 Alarm Logging (V3.13)
• Record logged whenever an alarm or error conditionn
becomes active or is cleared (see 3-9000-719 for list of
monitored registers)
• Record includes date and time of the alarm
• If chord failure alarm, also records chord status at time
of failure
• Stores most recent 3640 records in non-volatile
memory
• Configurable date/time format (float, long int)

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 Event and Data Logging (V3.13)
• 512 KByte flash memory arranged in eight 64
KByte sectors
• Individual bytes can be programmed by memory
must be erased as a sector
• Two sectors allocated to each log
• Log records queued in external RAM until record
can be programmed in log flash memory
• Log pointers and indices stored in NOVRAM

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 Event and Data Logging (V3.13)
• If power lost while writing record to log memory,
log record is corrupted; upon power-up, corrupted
log record is cleared (written as all zeroes) to
indicate record loss

• Audit and Alarm logs stored in separate memory

areas but combined into an Event Log for reading
(same as EFM1000)

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 Event and Data Logging (V.13)
Date and Time Transmission Format
• Log record date and time format configurable (via
LogDateTimeFormat) as 32-bit floating point
format (default) or 32-bit integer format.
• Time transmitted in military format (0-23 hours)
as hhmmss
Example: 3:08:45PM transmits as
150845.0 (32-bit floating point)
150845 (32-bit integer)

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 Event and Data Logging (V.13)
Date and Time Transmission Format
• Dates transmitted in 32-bit floating point format
contain 6 digits:
10000 ∗ month + 100 ∗ day + last 2 digits of the year

Example: March 7, 1998 transmits as 30798.0

• Dates transmitted in 32-bit integer format contain 8

digits:
1000000 ∗ month + 10000 ∗ day + last 4 digits of the year
Example: March 7, 1998 transmits as 3071998

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 Event and Data Logging (V.13)
Date and Time Issues
• Years with last two digits 98 and 99 are
considered 1998 and 1999; years 00 through 97
are considered 2000 through 2097
• Year 2000 recognized as leap year
• No automatic Daylight Savings compensation
• Real-Time Clock (RTC) set via Modbus register
block (must be written as entire block)

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QUESTIONS?????

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