MODULE 2

CHAPTER CONTENTS:
LESSON 1.21 Title and Scope
2.1.1. Title. The long title of Republic Act (RA No. 5487 is "An act to regulate the organization and
operation of private detective, watchmen or security guards agencies" or commonly known on
its short title as "The Private Security Agency Law (Section 1)
2.1.2. Scope. The organization, operation, business and activities of private detectives, watchmen
or security guards agencies shall be governed by the provisions of this Act (Sec 2 RA no. 5487)
LESSON 1.22 Definition of Terms (Sec 1, Rule III-IRR of RA No. 5487).
For purposes of and when used in these rules and regulations, the following terms shall be
construed in the sense indicated herein unless the context of a particular section clearly indicates
that a different sense is intended
2.2.1. Person - shall include not only natural but also juridical persons such as single
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, companies or associations duly organized and
registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission and/or the Department of Trade and Industry
2.2.2. Private Security Services - shall include the act of providing or rendering services to watch
an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area or property, to conduct
access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually or scientifically by electronic
monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such area/property and at the same time
ensuring safety and protection of persons within such areas, to maintain peace and order within
such areas, to conduct private security training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also
include the act of contracting, recruiting, training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do
its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or
controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation.
2.2.3. Private Detective Services- shall include among others the act of prowing personal security
protection, inquiry and information then employment verification and individual background
printing provide aitance in civil liability and personal injury cases, insurance claims fraud, child
custody and protection cases, for the purpose of inte gathering information leading to
determination and/or prevention criminal acts and/or resolution of legal, financial and personal
problems
2.2.4. Private Security Industry - shall cover those in the legitimate business providing private
security and detective services
2.2.5. Private Security Guard (SG) -Sometimes called private security guard n watchman shall
include any person who offers or render personal service to watch or secure either a rendence,
business establishment or buildings, compounds Grebe or property inspects/monitors bodily
checks/searches individuals and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection
physically/manually or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to logging concessions
and agricultural, mining or pastureland transportation, for hire or compensation or an employee
thereof including any employee of the national or local governments or agencies or
Instrumentality thereof and or government owned or controlled firm or corporation who is
employed to watch or secure government buildings compounds premises and other properties
other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail
management and Penology Municipal or City jail guard band members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the Government
2.2.6. Private Detective (PD) - shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward
or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. gunrda of the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine
National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government 2.2.7.
-Private Security Personnel - shall be natural persons which include private security guards,
private detectives, security consultants, security officers and others that may be classified later,
rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security
agencies and/or private firms: h
-Government Security Personnel - shall be natural persons which include government security
guards, detectives, security consultants security officers and others that may be classified later,
except those of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail
Management and rendering/performing security and/or detective services an employed by
government entities
2.2.8. Private Security Agency (PSA)-shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security guard, to
perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-
owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/sts secunty guards, for
hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation whose business or transactions involve national security or interest like the
operation and/or management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaport
airports heliports, landing atrips etc, or as consultant on any security related matter or to provide
highly specialized security, detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering
security passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft,
or other security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve.
2.2.9. Private Detective Agency (PDA) - shall mean any person association partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains. furnishes or posts any private detective, to
perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-
owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of hin/ita detectives, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public
corporation or as consultant on any detective related matter or to provide highly specialized
detective and investigation services, or other detective needs that SAGSDCSG may approve.
2.2.10. License to Exercise Profession - shall mean any document issued by the Chief, Philippine
National Police or hin duly authorized representative recognizing a person to be qualified to
perform his duties as private security or training personnel.
2.2.11.1 License to Operate (LTO)-is a License Certificate document, issued by the Chief,
Philippine National Police or hin duly authorized representative authorizing a person to engage
in employing security guard or detective, ar a juridical person to establish, engage direct manage
or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private security agency/company
security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees as provided in these Rules and
Regulations.
2.2.12. Company Guard Force (CGF) - security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch guard its business establishment
premises, compound or properties
2.2.13. Government Guard Unit (GGU) -a security unit maintained and operated by any
government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained for the
purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such government entity.
2.2.14. PNP- as used herein shall mean the Philippine National Police, which was organized
pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of 1991.
2.2.15, SAGSD- as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group Security Agency
and Guard Supervision Division or anv other PNP Office that may be designated later as the
primary office for supervision of the implementation of these rules and regulations.
2.2.16. PADPAO- refers to the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators, Inc, which is an association of all licensed security agencies and company security
forces
2.2.17. Duty Detail Order- is a written order schedule issued by a superior of usually the private
security agency/branch manager or operations officer signing the performance of private
security detective services duties.
LESSON 1 23 Penal Provisions
2.3.1. Penal Provisions. Any violation of this Act or the rule or regulation issued hereunder shall
be punished by suspension or fine not exceeding P200 00 or cancellation of his or its licenses to
operate, conduct, direct or manage private detective, watchman or security guard agency and all
its members in the discretion of the court together with the forfeiture of its bond filed with the
Philippine Constabulary (now PNP)
If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned under paragraph two section four
of this Act the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four years and fine ranging
from one to four thousand pesos in the discretion of the court (Section 18, RA No. 5487)
CHAPTER 6- Security Issued Licenses
CHAPTER CONTENTS:
LESSON 1 24 License to Operate (Part 1, Rule IV)
2.1.3. Who may organize and maintain a Private Security Agency and Private Detective Agency?
Any Filipino citizen or corporation association partnership, one hundred percent (100%) of which
is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens may organize and maintain a Private Security Agency
or Private Detective Agency (Sec 1).

2.1.4. Basic requirement of an operator or manager of agency (Sec. 2)

A. The operator or manager of un agency including managers of branch
offices, must be:
1. Filipino citizen
2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age:
3.College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the inactive service. or retired from the
Armed Forces of the Philippines or the Philippine National police;
4. Has taken a course/seminar on industrial Security Management and/or must have adequate
training or experience in security business, and
5. Good moral character
B. New applicants for license to operate shall be required to obtain a minimum capitalization of
one million pesos (P 100000000 with a minimum bank deposit of five hundred thousand (P500,
000 00 pesos in order to start its business operation
21.5. Limitations, Disqualifications and Prohibitions (Sec. 3).
A. No person shall organize or have an interest in more than one agency.
B. Elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on account of the
functions of their respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of the provisions of
Republic Act 5487 as amended and atn implementing rules and regulations and any person
related to such government employee by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree, shall
not hold an interest, directly or indirectly, in any security or watchman agency
C. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling dens or other illegal business
establishments or enterprises.
D. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by the security agency shall not go
beyond the compound and/or property of the person or establishment contracting the security
service except when the security guards is escorting big amount of money or valuables
E. Main/branch offices - All agencies shall maintain a main office in their registered addresses
Brunch offices may be established and maintained in other provinces / cities where the security
agency has deployed security guards.
F. Authority to operate outside principal offices. The following measures are promulgated to
promote the healthy growth of the private security industry in general, as well as to minimize
proliferation of marginal agencies in particular 1. No new or moribund but previously licensed
private security agency shall be granted license to operate unless its business viability is
supported by evidence of assured clientele, adequate capitalization and the like 2. Private
Security Agency operating at regions outside its main office shall be required to register with the
nearest Police Provincial Office and shall submit an authenticated machine copy of the following
documents: a) License to Operate; b) License of the FA's to be issued: e Last of the officers and
security guards: di Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment Manager (if any);
G. All applicants for license to operate shall, in addition to the requirements imposed pursuant
to RA 5487 as amended and these rules and regulations be required to attend a private security
agency/company guard force operators and management seminar/workshop
H. Prohibition on "KABIT SYSTEM" operators
1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote and enter into an agreement of merger
(kabit system with any person or a group of persons for the purpose of organizing a branch unit
or subsidiary under separate control and ownership. Merger of security and detective agencies
shall not be recognized without prior approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission
with respect to their Articles of Incorporation and the Department of Trade and Industry, with
their business name.
2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination thereof shall be considered prima facie
evidence of the existence of Kabit System
A. Maintaining a separate branch, unit or subsidiary office and from the main office of the
agency situated within the same locality,
B. Receiving direct payments from the agency's chantel and issuing officials receipt of their
own distinct from that insured by the agency concerned.
 C. Remitting directly Social Security System premiums, Medicare contributions and other
premium for other policy insurance benefits by the aforementioned branch, unit or subsidiary
office.
D. Existence of an agreement between the bence and a branch manager thereof, whereby
the latter obligates himself to pay a certain percentage of his income to the former on the
condition that the control and supervision of the guards posted by said branch shall course on
the manager thereof and that the licensee shall be exempt from abilities obligations attendant
to the operation of said branch.
E. Keeping maintaining separate payrolls for the branch employees signed and/or approved
by the branch manager only.
F. Absence of record of monthly income remittances to the main office when Bad branch is
authorized to make collections from the clients of the licensee; and
G. All other similar acts tending to show separate and distinct relationship/ personality
ownership/ management
2.1.6. Organizational structure (Sec. 4) of private security agencies/company security services/
government security units and their corresponding License to Operate (LTO) under Section 7;
1 Private security agencies shall conform with the organizational structure, personnel
equipment, training and clothing as provided for hereinafter.
-Private Security/Detective Agency LTO. License certificate issued to persons, corporations,
association, partnerships whose primary purpose is to provide /offer commercial private security
and/or detective services for hire, commission or compensation.
2. Company security forces - shall be organized to conform substantially with the organizational
structure prescribed for private security agencies.
Company Guard Force LTO. License certificate issued to person, corporations, associations,
partnerships not doing business nor organised purposely or principally an a private security and
detective agency who/which is utilizing for its security purpose any of his/its employees to render
private security or detective services.
3. Government Guard Unit shall be organized to conform with the organizational structure of
the said government firm but not contrary to the organizational structure as prescribed for
government security units.
-Government Guard Unit Certificate of Registration (CR). License certificate issued to
national or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or of government owned
or controlled corporation not doing business nor organized purposely or principally as a private
security guard or detective agency who/which in utilizing for its purpose any of his/its employees
to render private security or detective services.
2.1.7. Membership (Sec 5)
1. No regular license shall be granted to any private security agency unless it has a minimum of
two hundred (200) licensed private security personnel under its employ.
2. No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force or private detective agency
unless it has a minimum of thirty 130) licensed private security personnel under its employ.
3. The maximum number of private security personnel that a PSA/CGF/PDA may employ shall be
one thousand (1000).
2.1.8. Status and Validity of License to Operate (Sec 8). The status of license certificate in Section
7 above shall be issued in conformity with the following:
1. Regular LTO -issued, after complying with licensing requirements, to private security agencies
having obtained and maintained in its employ at least two hundred 1200 security personnel, and
to company guard forces and private detective agencies having obtained and maintained in its
employ at least thirty (30 security personnel and private detectives respectively. Such license
may be renewed following conformity with renewal requirements prescribed in a Standard
Operating Procedure (SOP).
2. Temporary LTO -initial and conditional issuance to new private security agencies and to PSA’S
holding regular LTO not able to maintain the minimum number of security personnel or conform
tn standards, or them to be able to attain the 200 minimum number of security personnel comply
with licensing standards, prior to issuance/reissuance of regular LTO Such issuance shall not be
renewable nor be extendible.
3. Unless sooner cancelled or revoked and provisions hereof modified, all licenses to operate
shall have a validity of two (2) years. Temporary LTO’S upon expiration are automatically
cancelled.
4. The expiry date of Regular Licenses to Operate shall be on the last day of the month of the
second year corresponding to the last number before the year series number of the assigned
number/LTO number of the License ie hereto in bold umbers PSA 0000102 and PSA 00050 03
representing expiry on January 31, 2004 and October 31, 2005 respectively for this purpose the
appropriate transition period shall be provided after the effectivity of these Rules and
Regulations
LESSON 1.25. License to Exercise Security Profession (Rule V)
2.5.1. Who may apply for a License to Exercise Private Security Profession (Sec. 1)? Any Filipino
citizen may apply for License to Exercise Private Security Profession to engage in the occupation
calling or employment either as a Private Security Guard, Private Security Officer, Private
Detective and/or Private Security Consultant, after complying with both academic/scholastic and
skills/training requirements subject to other requirements prescribed herein-under provisions.
2.5.2. Basic requirements of private security personnel (Sec 2)
1. Filipino citizen,
2. Not be less than eighteen (18 years of age.
3. Must have taken a private security course/seminar and/or must have adequate training or
experience in security business or undertaking security/detective services,
4. Of good moral character and must not have been convicted of any crime or violation of these
rules and regulations carrying a penalty of prohibition to be licensed, and
5. Must be physically and mentally fit.
2.5.3. Qualifications a Private Security Guard (Sec 3) No person shall ba licensed as security
guard unless he possesses the following qualifications:
1. Filipino citizen;
2. High school graduate
3. Physically and mentally fit;

4 Not less than eighteen age (18) years of age or more than fifty (50) years (for new applicants
and SGs in new supervisory position); and
5. Has undergone a pre-licensing training.
2.5.4. Qualifications for Security Officer (Sec.4): No person shall be licensed as Security Officer
unless he has the following qualifications:
1 Filipino citizen:
2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree:
3. Physically and mentally fit; and
4. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent.
2.5.5. Qualifications of Security Consultants (Sec.5): No person as a Security Consultant unless
he possesses the following shall be licensed qualifications:
1. Filipino citizen
2. Physically and mentally fit:
3. Holder of a Masters degree in either Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA, Industrial
Security Administration, or Law;
4.Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the operation and management of security
business.
2.5.6. Qualifications of a private detective (Sec.6): No person shall be licensed as a private
detective unless possesses the following qualifications:
1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physical and mentally fit:
3. Holder of a baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of laws or Bachelor of Science in
Criminology:
4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by National Police or the National Bureau
of Investigation the Philippine or any police training school, or a detective training in any
authorized/recognized training center.
5. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent
2.5.7. Exemptions from Basie Pre-Licensing Training (Sec. 7):
1. Veterans and retired military/police personnel or those honorably discharged military/police
personnel possessing all the qualifications mentioned in the preceding Section shall be exempted
from pre-licensing training seminar and academic/scholastic attainment which is a requirement
for the initial issuance of License to exercise private security profession but shall not however be
exempted from taking the refresher training courses or its equivalent.
2. Likewise, graduates of ROTC advanced/CHEF (or its equivalent in the PNP) Training graduates
shall be exempted from the required Basic-licensing Training/Seminar.
2.5.8. Types of License (Sec.9).
1. Temporary License - initial and conditional issuance while awaiting issuance of regular license
identification cards or in the interim for purposes not covered by Rule V.
2. Regular License - generated Private Security Personnel License Card, duration or validity of
which shall be for two (2) years
2.5.9. Government Security Personnel (Sec. 10): No person shall be licensed as Government
Security Personnel unless he possesses the qualifications prescribed in Section 3, 4, 5 of this rule,
provided he submits an appointment order coming from the Civil Service Commission
2.5.10. Processing Sec. 11).
1. All applications for Licenses to Exercise Profession field shall be processed by SAGSD-CSG for
approval and subsequent issuance of the appropriate License to Exercise Profession, and/or for
disapproval. 2. When all requisites for the issuance of License to Exercise Profession have been
complied with, corresponding license certificate shall be issued upon payment by the applicant
of applicable fees.
2.5.11. New Applicant (Sec.12). Applicants from NCR may file their application for
license to exercise profession with the Personnel Licensing Section, SAGSD, provinces may file
their applications with the Firearms, Explosives, Security Agencies and Guards Section (FESAGS).
Regional Operation and Plans Civil Security Group, Camp Crame, Quezon City. Applicants from
the Division (ROPD) of the Police Regional Office concerned. The requirements are as follows:
1. Application Form for Social Security ID (E-6 Rev 11-2000):
2. Application for License of Private Security Guard;
3. General Knowledge Examination Result (PASSED):
4. Training Certificate (Pre-Licensing Training Certificates)
5. Training Closing Report:
6. Neuro-Psychiatric Test Clearance;
7. Drug Test Result/Clearance:
8. Physical Fitness Certificate;

9. PNP Intelligence Clearance (DT):

10. NBI Clearance; k. Court Clearance;
11. Police Clearance; m. High School Diploma or Transcript of Record and College Diploma; and
12. Birth Certificate
2.5.12. Renewal of License (Sec. 13). 1. Deadline for Filing and Late Filing.
1.The deadline for filing of applications for renewal of License to Exercise Profession shall be sixty
(60) days prior to the month of the expiry date. Applications filed/accepted thereafter
2. Failure to file for renewal. The Licenses to Exercise Profession of those who shall be penalized
for late filing fail to file renewal applications SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE CANCELLED upon expiry.
3. Renewal of license to exercise profession shall also be filed with SAGSD,CSG, Camp Crame,
Quezon City or through the Firearms, Explosives, Security Agencies and Guards Section (FESAGS),
Regional Operation and completion of the required training and requirements for renewal of
Plans Division (ROPD) of the Police Regional Once concerned after the license.
4. The requirements are as follows:
a. Application for Social Security ID (E-6 Rev 11-2000 Form);
b. Application for License of Private Security Guard (PNPSF:01 Revised 2000);
c. General Knowledge Examination Result (PASSED);
d. Proof of Training:
e. Neuro-Psychiatric Test Clearance;
f. Drug Test Result/Clearance;
g PNP Intelligence Clearance (DI) or NBI Clearance
h. All licensed security personnel must undergo in-service retraining at least once in every two
(2) years preferably two months before his/her birth month. The certificate of in-service training
shall be a prerequisite among others, for the renewal of license to exercise profession.
LESSON 1.27 Uniform, Equipment and Paraphernalia (Rule VIII)
2.7.1. Uniform (Part 1).
2.7.1.1 Uniform for Security Guard (Sec. 1).
A. Male Uniform
1. The uniform of private security guard/either from the private security agency/company
security force/government security unit shall consist of headgear, service shirt, service trousers
service belt and footwear as herein prescribed. The uniform shall be made of fast navy blue thick
fabric for the trouser for daily security officers wear and for service shirts of field or perimeter
guards white a choice of light blue and/or white service shirts for internal guards for a private
security agency: light gray for company security force and white for government security unit.
2. Headgear Pershing cap - Fast navy blue cap with gold strap, black visor, octagonal nylon net
top and prescribed SAGSD metal cap device. It shall be the headgear for daily wear by security
guards. It may be used by the security guard for ceremonial purposes with the black strap.
3. Service Bush- jacket Service jacket shall be worn only by the Directorial and Staff Officers of
agency, color of trousers and shirt shall conform with the color prescribed in Section 1 in the
above rule.
a. Private Security Agency. - Trousers and shirt short sleeves with shoulder straps, two each
breast and front pockets with cover flaps and fixed cloth belt fastened by brass metal buckle. b.
Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as in Para. b, Section 1, this rule.
C. Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed in para. b (1)
section 1 of this rule.
B. Female Uniform (Sec.2)
1. The uniform of the lady security guard shall be made of a thick fabric. women police service,
service skirts (palda) and blouse, service belt and It shall consist of a modified overseas cap two
(2) ply similar to the black leather shoes as herein described and/or illustrated.
2. Headgear. - Fast navy blue (2 ply) cap without piping but with regulation cap device.
3. Service shirt
a. Private Security Agency. - Fast navy blue, light blue or white, thick fabric, short sleeves,
shoulder straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps and navy blue front buttons, tucked in.
b. Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private
security agency except that the shirting materials shall be fabric "Light Gray" in color. c.
Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as the private/company agency
except that the shirting materials shall be white fabric.
4. Service trousers. Fast navy blue thick fabric trousers, straight cut with slanted side pocket and
two back pockets without cover flaps. It may be worn during night duty/inclement weather.
5. Service skirt. (Optional) Navy blue A-line skirt with two front slide pockets. It may be worn
when posted indoors. 6. Service belt. Of leather material which shall be used as pistol belt
measuring four and one half (4-1/2 centimeters in width

7. Footwear.
a. Service shoes - Plain black shoes, low-cut rubber soles and heel (maximum of five cms.)
and black shoes laces.
b. Rubber rain boots black - Optional as the nature of post so requires.
2.7.1.2. Service Shirt for Security Officer (Sec. 1, Part 1)
1. Service uniform
a. Private Security Guard. Fast navy blue, straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps short
sleeves, shoulder and navy blue front buttons, tucked in.
b. Company Security Force. It shall be sewn in the same manner as gray and the fabric for shirt.
prescribed for private security agency except that the color is light
c. Government Security Unit. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private
security agency except that the color is white and the shirt shall be fabric "white."
2. Field Uniform. (Optional for cold weather areas only):
a. Private Security Agency. Fast navy blue, long sleeves with buttoned cuffs, shoulder straps, two
breast pockets with cover flaps, navy blue front buttons and shirt-jacket style with overlap waist
strap. Detachable hoods shall be adopted for cold weather area use.
b. Company Security Force. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private security
agency except that the color is light gray and the fabric materials for the shirt. c. Government
Security Unit. It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed for private security agency
except that the color is white and the shirting materials shall be fabric. (Note: A single strand
yellow lanyard may be used to secure sidearm to the shoulder).
3. Gala Uniform. - It shall be worn for ceremonial purposes only and at the expense of the
establishment conducting the ceremonies.
4. Pershing cap. - This shall be same specifications and distinctions as
provided for under Sec, la of this Rule.
5. Blouse. The material shall be of fabric with colors as prescribed for private/company/
government security officers. It shall be tailored as an open coat, long sleeves with a center flap
at the back of the unsewed part of which shall be the same level with the waistline. It shall have
shoulder straps as the service Bush Jacket. Security guard officers shall wear shoulder boards
with the authorized rank design.
6. Buttons. There shall be four (4) big brass buttons to close dress and four (4) small buttons for
the pockets. The buttons shall be plain brass.

7. Shirt. The shirt shall be white long sleeves,

8. Necktie. It shall conform to the color of the blouse five (5) centimeters wide.
9. Trousers. It shall be of the same design, style and materials as the service trousers.
Service Trouser. - Fast Navy blue color, straight cut, slanted pockets and two back pockets
without over flaps.
10. Service Belt. Of leather material which shall be used as pistol belt measuring four and a half
(4-1/2 centimeters in with.
11. Footwear. - (a.) Service shoes. - Black leather shoes with rubber heels and soles, plain top
low-cut and black shoelace to be worn with plain black socks. (b) Rubber rain boots. - Optional
as the nature of the post requires.
2.1.13. Staffing Pattern (Sec 2). Security agency owner/manager shall follow the required staffing
pattern as follows:
1. The agency manager is automatically the Security Director who shall be responsible for the
entire operation and administration/management of the security agency, He shall be the
authorized signatory to all Duty Detail Orders, and all other documents and communication
pertinent to the operation and management of a security agency. He may delegate certain
functions to a subordinate, provided the subordinate is qualified to discharge the given function
in accordance with law.
2. The Security Agency shall appoint a staff officer as Security Training Officer who shall be
responsible for the training of the Agency's security personnel in accordance with the
requirements of RA 5487 and the IRR The Training Officer shall be licensed as a Security Officer
and likewise accredited as such by the Training and Education Branch, SAGSD.
3. The Staff Director for Operation is the staff assistant of the security manager for the efficient
operation of the agency. This position includes the responsibility to canvas clientele and the
implementation of contract and agreement. He is also responsible for the conduct of
investigation and the conduct of training.
4. The Staff Director for Administration is the staff assistant of the agency manager for the
effective and efficient administration and management of the agency. He is responsible for the
professionalization of the personal, procurement /recruitment confirming of awards, mobility
and issuance of FAS.
5. The Detachment Commander is the field or area commander of the agency. The Detachment
shall consist of several posts
6. The Chief Inspector shall be responsible for inspecting the entire area covered by the
detachment.
7. Security Inspector is responsible for the area assigned by the Chief Inspector of the
Detachment Commander.
8. Post-in-Charge is responsible for the entire detailed security office within a certain
establishment.
9. Shift in-Charge is responsible for the security officers who are scheduled in a certain shift for
a particular period.
10. Security Guard is the one actually posted as watchman and or guard.
2.1.14. License Requirement (Sec.3). No person shall be designated nor be allowed to fill up the
positions enumerated and described in the preceding sections unless he is licensed security
personnel as follows:
1. must at least be a licensed Private Security Officer to occupy Security Management Staff
position as Security Director, Security Executive Director, or Security Staff Director:
2. must at least be a licensed Private Security Training Officer to occupy Security Management
Staff position as Security Staff Director for Training; and
3. must at least be a licensed Private Security Guard with Supervisory Training to occupy any
positions in the Line Leadership Staff.
LESSON 1.32 General Provisions (Part 1, Rule XI)
2.1.15. Policy and Terms used on this Part
1. Policy (Sec. 1). The following provisions encompass all persons, natural or juridical, who
conduct and/or provide private security training and/or
training services.
2. Private Security Training (Sec.2). It shall refer to training and academic programs and courses
duly approved or prescribed by the Philippine National Police and adopted by the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority. It includes the prelicensing requirements of
individual security guards and other security personnel approved by RA 5487, the periodic and
non-periodic inservice skill refreshers for such security personnel, and other specialized,
individual or group, private security personnel skills development.
3. Private Security Training Services (Sec.3). These shall refer to the conduct of Private Security
Training, provision of the physical facilities and installation necessary in the conduct thereof, and
the provision of the appropriate management, administrative, and instructor/training staffs
therefore, the actual performance and/or exercise of which requires the appropriate permit
and/or authority as herein provided.
4. Private Security Training Institutions (Sec.4). These shall refer to all persons, natural and/or
juridical, who that provide and/or conduct private security training, and/or services,
2.1.16. Categories of Private Security Training (Sec.5). The following are the general categories
of Private Security Training:
1. Pre-Licensing Training Programs. As a matter of licensing prerequisite, Pre-Licensing Training
Programs include all training and/or academic programs and courses whose objective is to
indoctrinate the individual with the basic skills and educational backgrounds necessary in the
effective exercise and performance of his/her elected/ would be security/detective profession.
It includes but is not limited to the Basic Security Guard Course, the Security Officers Training
Course, Private Security Agency Operators Training/Seminar, Private Security Training Trainors'
Course,
2. Refresher Training Programs. This shall refer to periodic and non periodic training programs
and courses designed with the objective of reinvigorating and/or developing basic skills and
knowledge gained previously or gained while in the exercise of his/her profession as a matter of
experience, to enhance current in-service and future individual and/or collective exercise of
profession. This includes mandated periodic in service training to be initiated by employer
security agencies which is further a prerequisite for the renewal of individual professional
security licenses. It includes but is not limited to the periodic Re- Training Course, Basic Security
Supervisory Course, and Security Supervisor Development Course.
3. Specialized Training Programs. This shall refer to training program and courses other than
those described in the preceding categories designed at developing previously- gained skills and
knowledge, designed at augmenting or expanding current skills and knowledge, and/or designed
at developing current skills and knowledge to suit identified future applications. It includes but is
not limited to such courses as the Intelligence/Investigator Training Course. Basic Crisis
Management Course, Personal/VIP Security Training Course, Armoured Car Crew Training
Course, Bomb Disposal Training Course, Bank Security Training Course, and Basic Aviation
Security Specialist Course.
2.1.17. Categories of Private Security Training Institutions (Sec 6).
A. Private Security Training Systems. Government or duly registered private training
establishments, associations, firms, partnerships, corporations and the like, which provide the
physical facilities and installations, and the appropriate management, administrative, and
instruction/training staff necessary and for the purpose of conducting Private Security Training:
1. Private Security Training Centers - Private Security Training Systems whose primary
purpose is to provide private security training and training services, may be qualified to offer and
conduct Private Security Training Programs in all categories provided that, it has secured Regular
Accreditation from the SAGSD upon compliance and conformity with the latter's application and
approval requirements, and prior TESDA registration/accreditation.
2. Other Juridical Entities. Private Security Training Systems whose primary purpose is not to
provide private security training and training services, may be qualified, on interim basis, to offer
and conduct Private Security Training for a specific course/class and duration under Refresher
and Specialized programs only, provided that, it has secured prior Interim Accreditation from the
SAGSD upon compliance and conformity the latter's application and approval requirements. Such
Interim Accreditation is also issued to those with Regular Accreditation but which cannot comply
with the renewal requirements.
3. Watchman/Security and/or Detective Agencies defined under RA 5487 as amended,
which shall not be required prior accreditation to operate, by virtue of their License to Operate
as Private Security Agency. Company Security Force or Government Security Force, may be
authorized to conduct only in-house refresher or specialized training for its own security
personnel, upon compliance and conformity with application and approval requirements of
SAGSD.
4. Police Offices/Units assigned/designated to conduct Private Security Training, which shall
not be required TESDA registration but shall require prior official authority of SAGSD, may
conduct training in all categories but subject to requirements of Rule XI of these rules and
regulations or as may be prescribed by SAGSD. 5. Police Supervisory Office (presently the SAGSD)
as having the primary responsibility of the conduct, supervision, and control of al private security
training and training services. B. Training Instructor. Any person who renders personal and/or
professional trainor, instructor, and/or teacher services relative to private security training by
virtue of his profession, expertise, knowledge, and/or experience in a particular field of
knowledge. Training Instructor includes but is not limited to currently or retired licensed or
accredited private security training instructors, professional educators, and/or field/practicing
experts.
CHAPTER 10 - Emergencies and Hazards
CHAPTER CONTENTS: LESSON 3.12. Emergencies
3.1.1. Security Emergencies. Considering the nature of security job which in sometimes brings
the risk of lives and unwanted hazards, security personnel should be aware and have banic
proficiency in first aid so to consummate his objective in having live, Training on first aid should
be done in a minimum of at least 7 days in order to gain the basic knowledge. However, this
lecture provides the summary topic and selected and applicable situations to wherein knowledge
on first aid can be applied
3.1.2. What is emergency? Emergency in defined as a sudden, urent, usually unexpected
occurrence or occasion requiring Immediate action, a state, especially of nee for help or ated by
some unexpected event. e.g. weather emergency, a financial emergency, and etc. The most
common kind of emergency in what we call a disaster which in referred to an a calamitous event,
especially one occurring suddenly and cauning great loss of life, damage, or hardship, as a flood,
airplane crash, of business failure.
3.1.3. Types. The various types of emergencies are natural, man-made, technical
medical, and some others that falls under the definition of emergency
1. Natural Disasters are those that are caused by nature or the act of God. It includes typhoon,
earthquake, tsunami, tornado and some other likes
2. Man-made Disasters are those that are caused by human beings such as fire, terrorism civil
disturbance, robbery, industrial or environmental accidents and some other likes
3. Technical Emergencies are those resulting from mechanical, electrical or electronics failure of
devices or machines that are considered as essential in the operation of a particular industry and
might further impact its productivity or its normal operation. It includes computer systems
failure, power failure, elevator malfunction, electronic door lock or card key failure, aircon failure
and such other similar types
4. Medical Emergencies are thone that situations that requires immediate medical attention or
intervention. It includes but not limited to heart attack, asthma attack, allergy, hypertension,
complications of existing disease, sudden illnesses, epileptic seizure, and other virus exposures.
5. Other emergencies such as death or suicide, accident, food poisoning. chocking, drowning,
locked in, water leak, and gas leak.
LESSON 3.13. Emergency Preparedness Plan
3.2.1. Rationale. The Private Security Agency Law under section 11 directs that the Chief of PNP
may deputize the security guards/ watchman to assist the PNP in performance of their duties in
times of emergencies or in times of disaster or calamities. The mayor of the affected area may
muster the services of the security guards through their agencies. The duly licensed security
personnel will be deputized to maintain peace and order and prevent law violation and the
preservation of life and property thereby requiring him/her to have knowledge and skills in first
aid application and emergency response.
3.2.2. Emergency Preparedness. It includes all activities, such as plans, procedures, contact lists
and exercises, undertaken in anticipation of a likely emergency. The goal of these preparedness
activities is to make sure that the business establishment is ready and able to respond quickly
and effectively in the event of an emergency.
3.2.1. Phases of Execution of an Emergency Preparedness Plan
1. Prevention - tries to arrange events in such a way that a particular emergency can never occur.
emergency supplies for
2. Preparation - provides prepositioned, protected use by emergency services in a large-scale
emergency.

3. Response - mobilizes emergency services, such as community response teams and sheltering
groups such as Red Cross, firemen, police and
4. Recovery - rebuilds damaged infrastructures and restores people to normal work.
LESSON 3.14. Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risk
3.3.1. Rationale. This lesson outlines the various factors to consider in the formulation of plans
and preparation of a security analysis. The reason of an effective and efficient security system
also depends on the knowledge of a security manager of the following: (a) threat-an activity that
could lead to a loss; (b) hazard -a condition that could lead to a loss; (e) risk - a potential loss or
damage to an asset, and; (d) vulnerability - a weakness that can be gained through access to an
asset.
There are three primary functions of security: first is preventive effort to address threats and
deter risk; second is reactive effort to address emergency situation when risk occurs to prevent
further loss or damage of resources, and; last is investigative effort to gather information
regarding an occurred situation and provide for evidences that proves whether there is or no
breach of security existed to be dealt accordingly.
3.3.2. What is Security Hazard?. Security hazard is an act or condition, which results in a situation
like a breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense
information, company secret or damage to personal, property or facilities.
3.3.3. Kinds of Security Hazards
1. Human Hazard - is the act or condition affecting the safe operation of the facility caused by
human action, accidental or intentional, like sabotage, espionage, pilferage, theft, etc.
2 Natural Hazard - is the act or situation caused by natural phenomenon like floods, typhoons,
earthquakes, etc.
LESSON 3.15. Security (Risk) Analysis
3.4.1. What is Risk Analysis? Risk Analysis is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of
risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and
control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of
opportunities.
3.4.2. Extent and Degree of Risks To Security is dependent on:
1. Relative Criticality of Operation - is the importance of firm with reference to the natural
economy and security (See attached learning material for separate discussion).
2. Relative Vulnerability - is the susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage, loss or
disruption of operation due to various hazards (See attached learning material for separate
discussion).

3.5.1. What is Security Inspection?

Security Inspection is a counter-intelligence service performed to determine compliance w/
established security policies and procedures. Another important activity, which is necessary to
insure the integrity of the overall security programs. This complements security survey in its
attempt to prevent loses of company properties.
3.5.2. Types of Security Inspection
1. Continuous Inspection - To keep pace with the constant changes in the organization, changes
in our security terms of attitudes, life-style and moral values, and the rapid advancement of
technological modifications are all around us, the inspection must be an on-going and never
ending
activity
2. Announced Inspection - Formal inspection is one which attached. It is usually preceded by an
announcement, and the unit under some fanfare is inspection "prepare" for events, including
some extra housekeeping activities that would not otherwise happen at that point in time.
3. Unannounced Inspection - The conduct of inspection is random and there Is no exact schedule
of the conduct of inspection in an undetermined part of the subject of inspection. They are
seriously and quietly executed in a spirit of understanding and cooperation
4. Penetration Inspection - An inspection conducted discreetly. The subject of inspection has no
knowledge that they are under inspection because the inspector assumes different roles in
camouflaging his activities.
CHAPTER 12 - Security Investigation
CHAPTER CONTENTS:
LESSON 3.8. What is Security Investigation?
3.9.1. Security Investigation Defined. It is a planned and organized determination of facts
concerning specific loss or damage of assets due to threats, hazards or unsecured conditions. It
is a logical process of collection and analysis of facts about persons, things and places related to
an incident which occurs within a protected area.
3.9.2. What are the Cardinal rules of Investigation?
1. WHO-a question used to inquire on the identity of the victims or offended party, name of
suspect, accomplices, accessories and witnesses of a crime, a breach of security, or a disastrous
event.
2. WHAT - to find out what happened or what took place before, during and immediately after
the commission of the incident.

3. WHERE - to localize the place of the incident the city or town, the district or barangay, the
street or road, the number of the house or building where questions are necessary in specifically
pinpointing the particular location of the incident.
4. WHEN - to determine and fix the time, day, month and year when the incident was committed.
When question should be specified and as accurate as possible. 5. WHY - to ascertain the motives,
causes, antecedents, previous, incident, related facts, background occurrences that might help
explain the commission of the incident.
6. HOW - designed to help the investigator determine how the incident occurred or was
committed, the means/tools employed, and how the incident was discovered. How questions are
very significant in preparing the modus operandi file report in case an offense has been
committed.
3.9.3. Golden Rule in Investigation. The golden rule in investigation is "Do noy touch, alter, move,
or transfer any object at the scene of incident unless it is properly smarked, measured, sketched
and or photographed. The purpose of this rule is to avoid the destruction mutilation and
contamination of the physical evidences found at the scene of incident.
Tools in Security Investigation
1. Information. It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of an incident.
2. Interview. is the obtaining of information or person that has knowledge on an offense,
disastrous event, or an incident tantamount to breach of security from a certain suspect
3. Investigation Report. It involves the security personnel in the skill of making a report based
from the information he/she gathered during the conduct of investigation following the standard
of report writing.
LESSON 3.9. Interview and Questioning Techniques
3.10.1. Interview and Interrogation defined. It is the person believed to possess information,
which are relevant investigation of an unlawful act or on criminal activities. In an interview, the
simple questioning of a to the interviewee usually cooperates with the person conducting the
interview. Cognitive interview is a form or technique in the conduct of interview upon willing and
cooperate witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to narrate their accounts without
intervention, interruption and interference from the interviewer. After the subject has finished
his narration, the investigator now subjects him to the style of direct examination and cross
examination, to clarify the unexplained portions to arrive at a vivid and complete picture of the
testimony. In the case of subjects of low level intelligence, the use of leading questions greatly
helps the investigator to obtain the full and desired.
3.10.2. What are the qualities of a good interviewer?
1. Rapport - it is the relation between the interviewer and the interviewee, which is conductive
to a fruitful result. It is winning the confidence of a person being interviewed in order that he will
tell all the information in his possession.
2. The interviewer must be in a respectable civilian attire because most often and the majority
of people, the police uniforms is barrier in qualities such as skills of communication techniques
or the force of his language are the mainstays of the strength of his character. He must be
establishing good rapport. To many, the uniform is intimidating.
3. Forceful Personality - the appearance of the interviewer and other understanding sympathetic
and without showing official arrogance, vulgarity of expressions and air superiority.
4. Knowledgeable of Human Behavior - this will help the interviewer to determine the
personality and intelligence of his subject; he must go down and up to the level of understanding
of his particular subject.
5. Conversational Tone of Voice - his tone of voice must be conversational not confrontational
as in interrogation
6. Acting Qualities - he must possess the qualities of an actor, salesman and psychologist and
Inow to use the power of persuasion.
7. Humility- he must be courteous, sympathetic and humble, ready to ask apologies for the
inconvenience of the interview.
3.10.3. What are the stages of handling the interview?
1. Preparation - the investigator should review the facts and information from other sources in
order that he would be ready for the questioning. A background data of the subject should be
available so that he could accept himself to the kind of approach to be employed.
2. Approach - the investigator must carefully select his kind of approach which maybe a single
kind, a combination of two techniques.
3. Warming Up - this is done by preliminary or exploratory questions to clean the atmosphere,
promote a conductive ground for cordiality, respect and trust for each other.
4.Cognitive Interview - the subject now is asked to narrate his account without interruption,
intervention or interference. It is only after the completion of the uninterrupted narration that
the investigator begins his direct and cross- examinations.
3.10.4. What are the rules in questioning a person involved in an alleged unlawful act?
1. One Question at a Time - multiple, complex and legalistic questions should be avoided. One
question at a time is desired.

2. Avoid Implied Answers - the nod of the hcad or any body language as a response to the
questions should be avoided. The answers must be oral, clear, explicit and responsive to the
questions.
3. Simplicity of Questions - a short simple question at a time required. If the answer needs a
qualification, then, it should be allowed. Avoid legalistic questions such as: who is the murderer,
or who are in conspiracy with the subject.
4. Saving Faces - embarrassing questions on the subject on matters of exaggeration or honest
about time, distance and description can be avoided if the investigator will cooperate with the
subject to save his face. The investigator should not fault or ridicule the subject on these matters.
5. Yes and No Answers - do not ask questions which could be answered by yes or no only. It will
curtail the complete flow of information and will lead to inaccuracy
3.10.5. What are the types of witnesses according to their attitudes?
1. Know Nothing Type - these are reluctant types of witnesses. They are found among the
uneducated and of low level of intelligence. The technique to be applied is go down to their level
of intelligence and by interrogation.
2. Disinterested Type-this is the uncooperative and indifferent subject. To deal with them is to
find out their field of interest so that they will talk. Their indifference should be demolished to
arouse their interest or be flattered.
3. The Drunken Type - the style of questioning by the investigator should be adapted to the
psychology of the subject. When the drunken subject has sobered, another interview will be
conducted, confronting him about his disclosures while in the state of drunkenness. The written
statement must be taken during his sobriety.
4. Talkative Type - these are witnesses who are prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant or new
matters to their narration. The skillful investigator could prune the necessary matters from the
relevant one.
5. Honest witnesses these are the truthful and cooperative witnesses where the investigator
could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them.
6. Deceitful Witness - these are the liar type of witness. Let them lie and order them to repeat
several times their narration. They will be enmeshed in contradictions. If possible, the lies must
be tape recorded for the confrontation about their contradiction. Pressure them for possible
canes of perjury or obstruction of justice and they will tell the truth.
7. Timid Witnesses - they are the shy witnesses. The approach muss friendly and reassuring
confidentiality of their information. They should be hidden from the devouring press by
interviews or photo sessions.
8. Refusal To Talk Witnesses - these are the most difficult subjects to deal with. Find out the
reasons of their personality. The cause maybe trauma shock, fear, hatred, and others. Remove
start talking.
LESSON 3.10. Basic Investigative Report Writing
3.11.1. Definition of a Report. A report is defined as a story of actions performed by men. In an
investigative report, it is a chronological or step by step account of an incident that took place at
a given time. Traditionally, a report meant a "investigation report" or the narrative you have to
write after completing an investigation. But, actually, reports take many different forms. A report
is defined as any documentation recorded on a departmental form, or other approved medium
(computer disks). and maintained as a permanent record.
3.11.2. Values of Reports.
1. Reports are filed because they are needed for the efficient operation of an industrial activities.
Reports are permanent records of all the important facts of a case
2. Reports are written to serve as raw materials from which records systems are made.
3. Reports are written to reveal as part of the component of the record system, the direct
relationships between the efficiency of the department and the quality of its ports and reporting
procedures.
4. Reports are written to guide administrators for policy formulation and decision making
5. Reports are written to guide law enforcers, prosecutors and courts in the trial of criminal cases
investigated by a security personnel.
3.11.3. Qualities of Good Reports. All police reports must contain certain qualities which can
be categorized as follows;
1. Accuracy - accuracy is one of the essential qualities of report writing. Literally, accuracy means
in exact conformity to the fact: errorless. Being accurate is being exacting. This can be attained
by guarding against careless thinking, expressions and calculations.
2. Brevity - it is conciseness of expression. It is also a means of checking the det moment of your
own ideas and the accuracy of your expression Being brief is a courtesy to the reader. Brevity or
conciseness also means saying much in fewer words as possible. Conciseness relates to the
elimination of unnecessary words and does not mean short. Suggestions to help you write
concise reports include using active voice, avoiding wordiness, eliminating unnecessary
prepositional phrases, and using ordinary and commonly understood words. Most sentences in
police reports are 12 to 15 words.
3. Clarity - Clarity means plain or evident to the mind of the reader. Good English in relative. It
can be right for one reader, wrong for another. A writer must always work for clarity in Police
Report Writing. He is Duty bound to service his readers by letting them understand easily what
he is trying to get across. Remember that the readers have no time to look into meanings of
difficult words, but it is just a waste of time and effort on the part of the readers.
4.Complete- Completeness in report in writing means that all the facts discovered during the
conduct of investigation must be reported. Do not omit some facts just to attain brevity. This will
mislead the reader particularly if decision-making is involved.
5.Factual- Everything an investigator writes in his report must be based on facts - facts discovered
during the course of his investigation. The simplest words constructed in short, declarative
sentence - styling, in the third person, is all that is need.
6. Specific - The report must be particular, definite, detailed. Use specific words Specific words
that help you in conveying your ideas most clearly to the reader. You make a direct mental
connection with the readers of your report. The reader can picture in his mind what you have in
your mind.
3.11.4. Security Reports
A. Two General Types of Reports:
1. Basic or Informal Report - This report deals with the ordinary, miscellaneous, usual, day to day
memorandum, letter, or form accomplished by any member of a security force in accordance
with prescribed regulation
2. Investigative or Formal Report - This report covers a full dress treatment in the presentation
of the case. It is an exact and exhaustive narration of facts, without any addition or subtraction,
which were discovered during the course of the investigation.
B. Investigation Report (IR)- similar to the Subject-to-Letter, except that the text is guided with
the following headings:
1. Authority -contain a brief statement of when, where of when, and by whom the investigation
was made and citing the authority for making it. If the investigation was made on the basis of
oral orders, this fact should be stated, naming the individual issuing the order and the date
thereof. If it was made pursuant to the document, stating the date and the original directing
authority, whether local or chief of higher headquarters, is necessary.
2.Matters investigated. These are written complaints, alleging that some persons have
committed some unlawful act or unjust treatments. If the allegations are too long to cite, a
synopsis is in order. Appropriate reference may be made to the copy of the papers in the
appendix on which the investigation was based.
3. Facts of the Case- represents the real truth respecting the matters of investigated; clear and
complete descriptions should be applied here. Presentation of facts should be coherent,
unbiased and fully supported by evidence. Brevity is not permissible; quotations of the statement
should be included.
4. Discussion- should indicate the presumption and inference from all the circumstances in the
case to give the directing authority the clearest possible picture, presents the basis for
conclusions
5. Conclusions- represents a concise summary of the results of the investigation directly
consequent from and supported by facts; Stated in the order naturally suggested by the
statement of the allegations or facts. Should not be a repetition of the facts; should contain no
apology, or qualification, such as: "It appears", "It believed" or "It seems probable"
6. Recommendations Contain the practical suggestions as to appropriate action to be taken to
make suitable disposition of all phases of the case should be consistent with and appropriate to
the conclusions. Constitutes the investigating officer's judgement as he has established, as to the
action the directing authority should take. Should stipulate the proper action in the case of a
wrong committed or the remedy for an unsatisfactory situation or condition found to exist; If
facts and conclusions disclose that no wrong was committed nor was there a condition requiring
correction, the recommendation may be that the case be closed.