Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands

ANAT 12C | General Histology 2nd Semester (A.Y.
’19-’20)
Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands UPCD Batch 2023
DANCEL-BALUYOT, Angela Maureen O. 2015-46040
OUTLINE I. ORAL CAVITY
A. Oral Mucosa
I. Oral Cavity
A. Oral Mucosa
1. HISTOLOGIC IMAGE WITH LABELS
1. Histologic image with labels
2. Location
3. Microscopic features
4. Function
5. Clinical correlation
B. Vermillion Border
2. Location
4. Function
C. Masticatory Mucosa
2. Location
4. Function
D. Specialized Mucosa
2. Location
4. Function
II. Major Salivary Glands
A. Parotid
2. Location
4. Function
B. Sublingual
2. Location Lamina
3. Microscopic features Propria
4. Function
C. Submandibular Figure 1. Nonkeratinization in primate buccal epithelium (Nanci, 2018, p. 604).
2. Location
4. Function
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batch2023 | DANCEL-BALUYOT (2015-46040)
ANAT 12C | Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands
Figure 2. Principal structural features of epithelial cells in successive layers.

(Left) Orthokeratinized oral epithelium, (Right) Nonkeratinized oral epithelium
(Nanci, 2018, p. 609).
Figure 3. Minor aphthous ulcer of the internal surface of the lower lip (Regezi
2. LOCATION Sciubba & Jordan, 2017, p. 40).
- cheeks, floor of the mouth, internal surface of the lips,
inferior surface of the tongue, alveolar mucosal surface, and soft
palate
3. MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
[Figure 1 & 2]
- in the superficial layer (stratum superficiale), the cells
contain nuclei that are often plump. this layer does not stain
intensely with eosin
- the cells in the intermediate layer (stratum intermedium)
have a greater volume than the cells in the granular layer of the
keratinized epithelium and contain glycogen
- in the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of
nonkeratinized epithelium, unlike in the keratinized epithelium,
the desmosomes or intercellular bridges (prickles) are less
conspicuous that’s why some prefer not to use the term “prickle Figure 4. Minor aphthous ulcer of the floor of the mouth (Regezi et al., 2017, p.
cell layer” 40).
- the basal layer (stratum basale) adjacent to the basal
lamina is a layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and are slightly - Squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is the
larger than that of the keratinized epithelium so common (second most common) that it accounts for 15% to
20% of the cases. carcinomas in this location occur
4. FUNCTION predominantly in older men, especially chronic smokers and
- thicker and has fewer and shorter papillae which allows it alcoholics. its usual apperance is painless, nonhealing, and
to adjust to the movements of the underlying muscle indurates ulcer. it may appear as a white or red patch. decreased
mobility of the tongue may be caused by the lesion that may
5. CLINICAL CORRELATION infiltrate the soft tissues of the floor of the mouth.
- Aphthous ulcers are the most common nontraumatic
ulceration that affect oral (lining) mucosa. its prevalence tends to
be higher in professional or white collared individuals, upper
socioeconomic groups, and nonsmokers. although its cause is
still unknown, there is a considerable evidence that these ulcers
are related to a focal immune dysfunction that is mediated by T
lymphocytes. the causative agent may be endogenous
(autoimmune) antigen or exogenous (hyperimmune) antigen or
could be caused by a nonspecific factor such as trauma in which
chemical mediators may be involved.
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Figure 7. Higher magnification of the area of vascularity in the vermilion

border (Nanci, 2018, p. 644).
Labels:
P – Papillary layer
LP – Lamina Propria
arrowheads – Capillary loops
2. LOCATION
- reddish portion between the moist inner surface of the lip
and the facial skin
Figure 5. Squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth (Regezi et al., [Figure 6 & 7]
2017, p. 59) - the lamina propria contains numerous narrow papillae with
capillary loops (arrowheads) close to the surface in papillary layer
B. Vermilion Border (P)
- the submucosa is firmly attached to the underlying
1. HISTOLOGIC IMAGE WITH LABELS muscle. some sebaceous glands are present in vermilion zone
and minor salivary glands and fat are present in intermediate
zone
4. FUNCTION
- transition zone from oral mucosa to skin
5. CLINICAL CORRELATION
- Erythema multiforme is a sudden onset; painful,
widespread, superficial (crusted) ulcers on the vermilion zone of
the lips. the patient may also have target or iris lesions of skin.
erythema multiforme is usually self-limited and common in young
adults and may be recurrent especially in spring and fall. its
cause is unknown but may be associated with hypersensitivity,
drug ingestion, or infection such as herpes labialis or Mycoplasma
pneumonia.
Figure 6. Sagittal section through the lip (Nanci, 2018, p. 643).
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C. Masticatory Mucosa
Figure 8. Erythema multiforme (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-11).
- Lupus erythematosus are usually painful erythematous

and ulcerative lesions on buccal mucosa, gingiva, and vermilion.
it generally affects skin and mucous membrane only and
radiating white keratotic areas may surround lesions. it is usually
caused by immune defect wherein patient develops
autoantibodies, especially antinuclear antibodies.
Figure 9. Lupus erythematosus (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-11).
Figure 10. Orthokeratinization in human gingiva (Nanci, 2018, p. 604).
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typically shrink away from each other and remains in contact only
at points known as desmosomes (intercellular bridges)
- the basal cell layer (stratum basale) that is adjacent to the
basal lamina is a layer of cuboidal or columnar cells
4. FUNCTION
- to make the palate and gingiva resistant to abrasion,
tough, and inflexible
- Secondary (Recurrent) Herpes Simplex Infection is the
reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1. it is usually
triggered by sunlight, stress, and immunosuppression. its
reactivation is common and the frequency decreases with aging.
it usually affects perioral skin, lips, gingiva, and palate.
Lamina
Propria
Figure 11. Parakeratinization in human gingiva (Nanci, 2018, p. 604).
2. LOCATION
- hard palate and gums/gingiva
[Figure 10 and 11]
- the keratinized layer (stratum corneum) is composed of
squamous cells which may be either parakeratinized or
orthokeratinized. this layer stain bright pink with eosin.
- in parakeratinized epithelium (Figure 11), the nuclei are
retained but shrunken (pyknotic) Figure 12. Secondary herpes simplex infection of the palate (Regezi et al.,
- in orthokeratinized epithelium (Figure 10), the nuclei are 2017, p. 4).
lost
- Gingival cyst are usually small, white to yellow nodule. it
- the granular layer (stratum granulosum) is composed of
large flattened cells with small granules called keratohyalin appears to me multiple and common in infants, while it is solitary
granules. these granules stain intensely with acid dyes like and rare in adults. it is usually caused by proliferation and cystic
hematoxylin. also, these granules are usually fewer in change of dental lamina rests.
orthokeratinized areas, so they are sometimes difficult to
recognize
- the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) are rows of large
elliptical or spherical cells. they only look spiny or prickle-like
(hence the name) because in histologic preparation, the cells
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Labels:
arrows – deep penetration of the connective tissue into the
epithelium
Figure 13. Gingival cyst (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-20).
D. Specialized Mucosa
Figure 16. Filiform and fungiform papillae. H&E, low power (Young et al., 2014,
p. 246).
Labels:
FG – Fungiform papilla
FL – Filiform papilla
Figure 14. Filiform papillae, x45 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 530).
Figure 17. Tongue, anterior two-thirds. H&E, low power (Young et al., 2014, p.
246).
Labels:
FL – Filiform papilla
CV – Circumvallate papilla
LP – Lamina propria
SG – Serous gland
MG – Mucous gland
M – Skeletal muscle
Figure 15. Fungiform papilla, x45 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 530).
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Figure 18. Circumvallate papilla, x25 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 530).
Figure 20. Circumvallate papilla. H&E, medium power (Young et al., 2014, p.
247)
Labels:
B – Taste buds
C – Cleft
Figure 19. Circumvallate papillae. H&E, low power (Young et al., 2014, p. 247).
Labels:
CV – Circumvallate papilla
C – Cleft
VE – von Ebner glands
Figure 21. Foliate papilla, x45 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 530).
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[Figure 16]
- the filiform papillae (FL) consist of a dense supporting
tissue core and are composed of stratified squamous keratinized
epithelium. they also appear to be whitish.
- the fungiform papilla (FG), on the other hand, consists of a
highly vascularized connective tissue core and has a thin
keratinized epithelium. they also appear to be small red spots on
the tongue when seen by the naked eye.
[Figure 17]
- the filiform papillae (FL) are the most numerous type of
papillae and appear as short “bristles” macroscopically
- the circumvallate papilla (CV) contains most of the taste
buds
- the interlacing skeletal muscles (M) can also be seen in the
body of the tongue which permits it to have extensive
movements
- the dense, collagenous lamina propria (LP) makes the
mucous membrane covering bound firmly to the underlying
muscle
- the accessory serous glands (SG) and mucous glands (MG)
can be found scattered throughout the muscle
[Figure 18]
- circumvallate papillae are covered with slightly keratinized
Figure 22.Taste bud, x1,100 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 531). stratified squamous epithelium. presence of taste buds on its
sides rather than on its free surface distinguishes it from the
2. LOCATION fungiform papillae
- dorsal surface of the tongue
[Figure 19]
- filiform papillae: entire anterior dorsal surface of the
- the circumvallate papilla (CV) are the least common type
tongue.
(humans have only around 8 to 12 of this papilla) but the largest
- fungiform papillae: projects above the filiform papillae.
type of papilla
more numerous near the tip of the tongue.
- it is encircled by a deep cleft (C) or trench
- circumvallate papillae: anterior to the sulcus terminalis
- von Ebner glands (VE) are aggregations of serous glands
- foliate papillae: posterior lateral edge of the tongue
which facilitates taste reception by secreting a watery fluid that
- taste buds: circumvallate, foliate, and fungiform papillae;
dissolves food particles to flush it from the circumvallate papilla
glossopalatine arch, soft palate, posterior surface of epiglottis,
for it to respond rapidly to stimuli
posterior wall of the pharynx down to the level of the cricoid
cartilage [Figure 20]
- taste buds (B), which helps in taste sensation, are found
within the stratified squamous epithelium which lines the
[Figure 14]
papillary wall of the circumvallate papilla
- filiform papillae are the smallest papillae and appear to be
conical with elongated projections of connective tissue and tips [Figure 21]
pointing backward. They only serve a mechanical role; thus, they - foliate papillae appear in parallel low ridges separated by
do not have taste buds. They appear to be rows that diverge from deep clefts (arrows) as well and are covered with nonkeratinized
left to right and are parallel to the arms of sulcus terminalis stratified squamous epithelium. they also have taste buds that
are located laterally, facing the walls of neighboring papillae. they
[Figure 15]
also have von Ebner’s glands that empty into the clefts. these
- fungiform papillae are projections that look like
papillae can be easily seen in younger people but are difficult to
mushrooms hence, its name. they have taste buds which are
see in older people.
located dorsally (of the papillae) in the stratified squamous
epithelium [Figure 22]
- taste buds are oval-shaped and pale-stained that are
found in the three papillae mentioned before.
- taste bud has a taste pore which is an opening located in
its apex.
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- it has sensory/neuroepithelial cells which are elongated 1 and Hemifacial Hypertrophy (aside from enlarged, they also
and most numerous cells in the taste bud. they extend from the resemble soft polypoid excrescences).
basal lamina of the epithelium to the taste pore and it has
microvilli in its endings (apically). they are connected by tight
junctions to the neighboring supporting cells. they also form a
synapse with the afferent sensory neurons of facial (CN VII),
glossopharyngeal (CN IX), or vagus (CN X) nerves at their base.
about 10 days is their turnover time.
- the supporting cells, just like sensory cells, are also
elongated and extends from the basal lamina of the epithelium to
the taste pore, has microvilli in its endings (apically), have tight
junctions, and has about 10 days of turnover time. the only
differences are they are less numerous than sensory cells and
that they do not synapse with the nerve cells
- the stem cells for the two aforementioned cells is called
basal cells. they are small cells that are located in the basal
portion of the taste bud, near the basal lamina.
4. FUNCTION
- generation of chemical sensation of taste
- Hairy tongue refers to the condition of the overgrowth of
the filiform papillae. the possible etiology are using of broad-
spectrum antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids; using
oxygenating mouth rinses that contains hydrogen peroxide,
sodium perborate, and carbamide peroxide; being a heavy
smoker; have undergone radiotherapy in the head and neck
region for malignant disease; and have undergone hematopoietic Figure 24. Neurofibromatosis, oral lesions (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 177).
stem cell transplantation. In a microscopic examination, the
II. MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
surface is contaminated by clusters of microorganisms and
fungi, elongated filiform papillae, and mildly inflamed lamina
A. Parotid
propria.
Figure 23. Hairy tongue (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 89).
- Fungiform papillae can be enlarged and reddened

(strawberry tongue) and the tongue may become covered with a Figure 25. Parotid gland. H&E, low power. (Young et al., 2014, p. 249)
white coat during a patient experiences scarlet fever. scarlet
fever is an acute exanthematous condition which is caused by Labels:
either the A, B, or C streptococcal strains. the fungiform papillae L – Lobules
can also be enlarged when a patient has Neurofibromatosis type- S – Septa
E – Excretory ducts
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Figure 28. Parotid gland. Human, H&E, x160 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 565).
Labels:
A – Acinus
AC – Adipose cell
CT – Connective tissue septum
ED – Excretory duct
ID – Intercalated duct
StD – Striated duct
Figure 26. Parotid gland: serous acinus and intercalated duct. H&E, medium
power. (Young et al., 2014, p. 249)
Labels:
SC – Serous cells
Figure 29. Parotid gland. Human, Glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixed, H&E,

x640 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 565).
Labels:
A – Acinus
AL – Acinar lumen
PC – Plasma cells
Figure 27. Striated ducts. H&E, high power (Young et al., 2014, p. 249). S – Striations of duct
StD – Striated duct
Labels:
C – Capillary 2. LOCATION
D – Striated duct - the parotid gland is located subcutaneously, below and in
front of the ear in the space between the ramus of the mandible
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and the styloid process of the temporal bone (Ross & Pawlina, - the plasma cells (PC) within the connective tissue
2015, p. 545). surrounding the duct produce the immunoglobulins which are
- the parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) travels from the gland to taken up and re-secreted by the acinar cells (secretory IgA)
enter the oral cavity opposite the maxillary second molar.
4. FUNCTION
3. MICROSCOPIC FEATURES - the largest major salivary glands are parotid glands and
[Figure 25] these glands are completely serous
- parotid glands are divided into lobules (L) which contains - the parotid gland secretes a watery serous saliva, which
secretory units makes the saliva less viscous
- a connective tissue septa (S) can also be seen between the
lobules which convey blood vessels, nerves, and excretory ducts 5. CLINICAL CORRELATION
(represented by E). It also divides the secretory portions of the - Mumps is an acute viral sialadenitis in the parotid gland.
glands into lobes and lobules because the facial nerve (CN VII) passes through this gland, it can
damage the aforementioned nerve. this infection is caused by a
[Figure 26] paramyxovirus. in 70% of the cases, there is bilateral parotid
- serous cells (SC), which are pyramidal in shape, contain involvement.
zymogen granules (located in the apical cytoplasm) in which they - Mucus Retention Cyst (Obstructive Sialadenitis) usually
store their secretion. serous cells secrete proteins and a fluid results from the obstruction of salivary flow caused by a sialolith.
that is isotonic with plasma a sialolith (Figure 30) is a calculus or a stone that is the
precipitation of calcium carbonate salts and/or calcium
- the intercalated duct (ID), which leads from the acinus, is phosphate salts around a central nidus of cellular debris,
lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. Parotid glands have well- inspissated mucin and/or bacteria. about 20% of these cases
developed intercalated ducts. these ducts have carbonic occur in the parotid glands. radiographically, most parotid stones
anhydrase activity which makes it secrete HCO3- into the acinar (90%) are radiolucent.
product and absorb Cl- from the acinar product. it also drains into
the larger striated ducts
[Figure 27]
- striated ducts (D), in contrast with an intercalated duct, is
lined with simple columnar epithelium which helps in extending
the area of the membrane available for the exchange of water
and ions. it helps in modifying the isotonic basic saliva to
produce a hypotonic saliva. these ducts modify the serous
secretion by reabsorbing Na+ from the primary secretion and by
secreting K+ and HCO3- to produce hypotonic saliva which
contains less Na+ and Cl- and have more K+ and HCO3- than
plasma. these ducts’ epithelium also secretes lysozyme and
immunoglobulin A (IgA). moreover, parotid glands have well- Figure 30. Sialolith removed (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 187).
developed striated ducts.
- the supporting tissue between the secretory acini - Bacterial Sialadenitis is the bacterial infection of the
contains a network of capillaries (C) salivary glands and are generally due to microbial overgrowth in
[Figure 28] association with the salivary flow reduction. Parotid gland
- adipose cells (AC) are also present in the parotid gland and sialadenitis is more common due to the lower degree of
its presence is one of the distinguishing features of the said bactericidal quality of the saliva and its lower viscosity. the most
gland. common organisms that are isolated from parotitis are penicillin-
- the excretory duct’s (ED) epithelium consists of two layers resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans,
of nuclei which can be inferred as a pseudostratified or a true Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus
stratified epithelium. this duct is larger than the intercalated and influenzae. meanwhile, anaerobic organism such as
the striated ducts. this duct also empties into the oral cavity. Porphyromonans gingivalis may be cultured from acute cases.
[Figure 29] - other causes of parotid gland enlargement is:
- the acinar lumen (AL) is seen infrequently because the > Sjögren’s syndrome (Figure 31)
acini are irregular elongate structures and not simple spheres. > Adenomas and carcinomas
- the striations (S) are produced by the infoldings of the > Lymphoma
basal plasma membrane > Bacterial infections
> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease
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> Tuberculosis B. Sublingual

> Sarcoidosis (uveoparotid fever or Heerfordt’s
syndrome) (Figure 32) 1. HISTOLOGIC IMAGE WITH LABELS
> Metabolic conditions
> Malnutrition, including anorexia and bulimia
> Diabetes mellitus
> Chronic alcoholism
Figure 33. Sublingual gland. H&E, low power (Young et al., 2014, p. 250).
Labels:
A – Adipocytes
E – Excretory duct
S – Fibrous tissue septum
Figure 31. (Top) Sjögren's syndrome patient with bilateral parotid swelling
(Regezi et al., 2017, p. 195). (Bottom) Sjögren’s syndrome, minor salivary gland
expression. Note lymphocytic focus adjacent to intact acini.
Figure 34. Sublingual gland. Human, H&E, x160 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 567).
Labels:
InD – Intralobular duct
Figure 32. Sarcoidosis showing multiple granulomas (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 193)
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MA – Mucous acinus Labels:

M – Mucous cell nucleus
My – Myoepithelial cell
2. LOCATION
- the sublingual gland is located in the floor of the mouth
anterior to the submandibular gland (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p.
545).
- the sublingual ducts empty into the submandibular duct
and also empty onto the floor of the mouth
[Figure 33]
- the excretory duct (E) in the fibrous tissue septum (S) is
lined with a stratified cuboidal epithelium
- adipocytes (A) are also present but there’s only few and its
number increases as age increases
Figure 35. Sublingual gland. Human, H&E, x400 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 567). [Figure 34]
- mucous acini (MA) are present and they are elongated or
Labels:
tubular structures with branching outpockets
- the intralobular duct (InD) is identified by its large lumen
InD – Intralobular duct and it is lined by columnar epithelium
MA – Mucous acinus
MC – Mucous cells [Figure 35]
SD – Serous demilune - the mucous cells (MC) which secretes mucin that are
Arrowhead – Mucous acinus joining intercalated duct stored and synthesized as mucinogen granules are present with a
Black arrows – Plasma cells cap-like addition to its end which is the serous demilunes (SD)
- the plasma cells (arrows) are associated in the production
of the salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- the intercalated duct (ID) is lined with flattened or low
columnar epithelium and may join one or more intercalated ducts
to form an intralobular duct. sublingual glands’ intercalated ducts
and striated ducts are less developed than the Parotid glands’,
thus, they are shorter, difficult to identify, and sometimes
absent.
[Figure 36]
- the myoepithelial cells (My) are flattened cells with long
processes that extend around the secretory acinus
4. FUNCTION
- sublingual glands are the smallest paired major glands and
are mixed glands that predominantly have mucous-secreting
cells. purely serous acini are rarely present.
My - the sublingual glands, just like the submandibular glands,
secretes a saliva with greater viscosity than the saliva secreted
by the parotid glands
- Mucus Retention Cyst (Obstructive Sialadenitis), just like in
Parotid gland, can also occur in the Sublingual gland (but it is only
1 – 15% of the cases). Plunging ranula (Figure 37) is a swelling in
the neck that happens when the mucin in the floor of the mouth
lesions dissect through the mylohyoid muscle which separates
Figure 36. Mucous acinus and myoepithelial cells (top) H&E, medium power the sublingual from the submandibular space.
(bottom) Immunohistochemistry for actin, medium power (Young et al., 2014,
p. 248)
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Labels:
D – Striated duct
M – Mucous acini
SD – Serous demilune
Figure 37. Plunging ranula (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 188).
- Benign neoplasms in the sublingual glands may also

appear. it is thought that because of the undifferentiated
ultrastructural appearance of the intercalated duct, they are
capable of giving rise to neoplasms.
- Ludwig’s angina occurs when there is a bilateral cellulitis
of the submandibular and sublingual spaces.
C. Submandibular
Figure 39. Submandibular gland (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 562).
Labels:
A – Arteries
DCT – Dense connective tissue core
ED – Excretory ducts
L – Lobe
MA – Mucous acini
SA – Serous acini
V - Veins
Figure 40. Submandibular gland. Human, H&E, x175 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p.
Figure 38. Submandibular gland. H&E, high power (Young et al., 2014, p. 250). 563).
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Labels: [Figure 40]

A – Arteries - the serous acini (SA) is spherical in shape while the
ED – Excretory ducts mucous acini (MA) is tubular or elongated in shape and are
MA – Mucous acini sometimes seen to be branched
SA – Serous acini - the striated duct (SD) is where the intercalated duct (which
SD – Striated Duct is less extensive than in the parotid gland) empties and the
excretory duct (ED) is where the former empties
V – Veins
[Figure 41]
- the nucleus of the mucous acini (MA) is flattened at the
base compared to the nucleus of the serous acini (SA)
- the lumen (Lu) of the mucous acini is also more visible as it
is relatively wider than the lumen of serous acini
4. FUNCTION
- submandibular glands are large, paired, and mixed glands
- they are predominantly serous. among the serous acini
that can be seen, mucous acini with serous demilunes can also
be found
- produces a saliva with greater viscosity and higher
bactericidal quality
- Mucus Retention Cyst (Obstructive Sialadenitis) is also
evident in this gland and 80% of the cases are seen here.
Figure 41. Submandibular gland. Human, H&E, x725 (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p.
563).
Labels:
Lu – Lumen
MA – Mucous acini
MxA – Mixed acini
SA – Serous acini
SD – Striated duct
2. LOCATION
- the submandibular gland is located under the floor of the
mouth, in the submandibular triangle of the neck, near the
mandible (Ross & Pawlina, 2015, p. 562 & 564).
- the submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct) runs forward and
medially from each of the two glands to a papilla located on the Figure 42. Sialolithiasis of the submandibular duct (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 187).
floor of the mouth just lateral to the frenulum of the tongue (Ross
& Pawlina, 2015, p. 562). - Mucus Extravasation Phenomenon happens when the
excretory duct of the salivary gland has experienced a traumatic
3. MICROSCOPIC FEATURES severance which results to the mucus escaping into the
[Figure 38] surrounding connective tissue. an inflammation due to the
- the mixed secretory units in submandibular gland are
reaction of neutrophils followed by the accumulation of
consisted of mucous acini (M) and serous demilunes (SD)
macrophages also happens. a wall is formed by the granulation
- a striated duct (D) can also be seen here
tissue around the mucin pool, and the associated salivary gland
[Figure 39] will then undergo an inflammatory change. scarring also occurs
- a lobe (L) is seen which is comprised of dark-stained in and around the gland.
serous acini (SA) and light-stained mucous acini (MA)
- a dense connective tissue core (DCT) can also be observed
which contains arteries (A), veins (V0, and excretory ducts (ED)
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REFERENCES:
Nanci, A. (2018). Ten cate’s oral histology: development, structure,

and function (Ninth ed., p. 604—643). Missouri: Elsevier,
Inc.
Regezi, J.A., Sciubba, J.J., & Jordan, R.C.K. (2017). Oral pathology:
Clinical pathologic correlations (Seventh ed., pp. O-11—
203). Missouri: Elsevier, Inc.
Ross, M.H. & Pawlina, W. (2015). Histology: A text and atlas; with
correlated cell and molecular biology (Seventh ed., pp.
526—567). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
Figure 43. Mucus extravasation phenomenon (left) showing free mucin in the
submucosa and a mucus retention cyst (right) showing mucin retained on the Young, B., Woodford, P., O’Down, G., & Wheater, P.R. (2014).
salivary excretory duct because of blockage by a sialolith. Wheater’s functional histology: A text and colour atlas
(Sixth ed., p. 239—250). Edinburgh: Churchill
- Mixed Tumor (Pleomorphic Adenoma) occurs in Livingstone.
submandibular glands and it accounts for 8% of the cases, while
the parotid gland and the intraoral minor salivary glands account
for 85% and 7%, respectively. the dual proliferation and
comingling of cells with myoepithelial or ductal features in a
stroma of myxoid, mucoid, and less commonly, chondroid quality,
is the histogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma or mixed tumor.
Figure 44. Mixed tumor with myxoid component (right) and fibrous/epithelial
component (left) (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 203).
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Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands

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Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands

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ANAT 12C | General Histology 2nd Semester (A.Y.

OUTLINE I. ORAL CAVITY

Figure 2. Principal structural features of epithelial cells in successive layers.

Figure 7. Higher magnification of the area of vascularity in the vermilion

Figure 6. Sagittal section through the lip (Nanci, 2018, p. 643).

1. HISTOLOGIC IMAGE WITH LABELS

Figure 8. Erythema multiforme (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-11).

- Lupus erythematosus are usually painful erythematous

Figure 9. Lupus erythematosus (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-11).

Figure 10. Orthokeratinization in human gingiva (Nanci, 2018, p. 604).

Figure 11. Parakeratinization in human gingiva (Nanci, 2018, p. 604).

Figure 13. Gingival cyst (Regezi et al., 2017, p. O-20).

Figure 23. Hairy tongue (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 89).

- Fungiform papillae can be enlarged and reddened

Figure 29. Parotid gland. Human, Glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixed, H&E,

> Tuberculosis B. Sublingual

MA – Mucous acinus Labels:

Figure 37. Plunging ranula (Regezi et al., 2017, p. 188).

- Benign neoplasms in the sublingual glands may also

Labels: [Figure 40]

Nanci, A. (2018). Ten cate’s oral histology: development, structure,

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