THE PASSIVE

PRESENT
SIMPLE: S + IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE + O
S + V1 + O The postman delivers the letters.
The letters are delivered by the postman.
S + TOBE + VING + O CONTINUOUS: S + IS/ARE BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
They’re interviewing him at the moment.
He’s being interviewed at the moment
PAST
SIMPLE: S + WAS/WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
S + V2 + O They sent the packets by train.
The packets were sent by train.
S + WAS/WERE + VING + O CONTINUOUS: S + WAS/WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
My mother was cleaning my suit.
My suit was being cleaned by my mother.
PRESENT PERFECT

S + HAS/HAVE + V3 + O SIMPLE: S + HAS/HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O

They have sold all the tickets.
All the tickets have been sold.
S + HAS/HAVE BEEN + V ING CONTINUOUS : S + HAS/HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
+O Joe has been kicking that ball for the past 5 years
That ball has been being kicked by Joe for the past five years

PAST PERFECT

S + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE: S + HAD BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O

+O They had removed the papers.
The papers had been removed.

S + HAD BEEN + PAST CONTINUOUS : S + HAD BEEN + BEING+PAST PARTICIPLE+ O

PARTICIPLE+ O Mike had been writing a letter
A letter had been being written by Mike
FUTURE
SIMPLE: S + WILL BE + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
S + WILL +V 1+ O My brother will meet me at the station.
I will be met at the station by my brother.
S + IS/ARE GOING TO+ V1+ O GOING TO: S + IS/ARE GOING TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE+ O
I’m going to write a book.
A book is going to be written.
MODAL VERBS
S + CAN / COULD / MUST / S + CAN / COULD / MUST / MAY / MIGHT ( MODAL ) + PAST
MAY / MIGHT + V1+O PARTICIPLE+ O
He must write a book.
MODAL PERFECT A book must be written.

S + MODAL + HAVE + PAST S + MODAL + HAVE + BEEN + PARTICIPLE + O

PARTICIPLE + O He will have eaten the food
The food will have been eaten.