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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash

Bhagi

Gujarat National Law


University
Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India)

Course Outline

of

Constitutional Law-II (Constitutional Bodies)

For

BA/BCom/BSc/BBA/BSW, LLB

Semester: IV

Session: January- June 2015

Faculty:
Avinash Bhagi
Assistant Professor of Law
Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar
Mobile: 8128650805
Email: abhagi@gnlu.ac.in

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi

Sl. No. Contents Page No.

1.0 Objectives of the course 3

2.0 Proposed teaching schedule 3

3.0 Detailed course-outline 4-10

4.0 Prescribed/Recommended readings 10

5.0 Teaching methodology 14

6.0 Evaluation pattern 14

Tentative dates for test/submission of project/GD,


7.0 14
etc

8.0 Important instructions to students 14-15

9.0 Contact hours 15

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi

1.0 Objectives of the Course


 

India is a democracy and its Constitution embodies the main principles of the democratic
government- how it comes into being, what are its powers, functions, responsibilities and
obligations, and how power is limited and distributed Whatever might have been the original
power base of the Constitution, today, it seems to have acquired legitimacy as a highest norm of
public law. A good understanding of the Constitution and the law, which has developed
through constitutional amendments, judicial decisions, constitutional practice and conventions
is, therefore, absolutely necessary for a student of law. He must also know the genesis, nature and
special features and be aware of the social, political and economic influence on the
Constitution.

The purpose of teaching constitutional law is to highlight its never-ending growth. Constitutional
interpretation is bound to be influenced by one's social, economic or political predilections. A
student must, therefore, learn how various interpretations of the constitution are possible and why a
significant interpretation was adopted in a particular situation. Such a critical approach is necessary
requirement in the study of constitutional law.

2.0 Proposed Teaching Schedule

No. of Sessions
Module No. Modules
(Classes)
III.3.1 Introduction 4
III.3.2 The Central Executive-I (Introduction) 4
III.3.3 The Central Executive-II 10
III.3.4 State Executive 2
III.3.5 Central Legislature 13
III.3.6 The State Legislature 2
III.3.7 The Union Judiciary 12
III.3.8 The State Judiciary 2
III.3.9 Election Commission 04
III.3.10 Public Service Commission 02
III.3.11 Comptroller & Auditor General Of India 01
Total Number of Classes 56

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi

3.0 Detailed Course Outline

Constitutional Law-II

Module-III.1.11 Introduction Sessions: 4

1.1 The Theory of Separation of Powers


1.2 Forms of Government
o Presidential and Parliamentary

Cases
 Vineet Narain v. Union of India, AIR 1998 SC 889
 Inre, Delhi Laws Act, 1912, AIR 1951 SC 332
 Jayantilal Amritlal Shodhan v. F.N.Rana, AIR 1964 SC 648
 Madras Bar Association v. Union of India,Manu/SC/0875/2014

Module-III.1.2 Central Executive- I (Introduction) Session:


4

2.1 Meaning & Scope of Executive Power


2.2 Executive Power of the President of India (Article 53)
2.3 Extent of Executive Power of the Union (Article 74)

Cases
 Rai Sahib Ram Jawaya Kapur v. State of Punjab, AIR 1955 SC 549
 Jayantilal Amritlal Shodhan v. F.N.Rana, AIR 1964 SC 648
 Raghunath Rao Ganpat Rao v. Union of India, AIR 1993 SC 1267
 Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1974 SC 2192

Module III.1.3 Central Executive- II Session:


10

3.1 Election of the President (Article 54)


1
‘III’ stands for semester, ‘1’ stands for the order in which the course/paper appears in a semester and ‘1’ stands for the
module number.
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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi
3.1.1 Manner of Election of President (Article 55)
3.1.2 Disputes Concerning Presidential Election (Article 71)
3.1.3 When to hold Presidential Election
3.2 Impeachment of the President [Article 56(1)(B) r/w 61(1)]
3.3 Presidential Privileges (Article 361)
3.4 Functions and Powers
3.4.1 Judicial Functions
Pardoning Power (Article 72)
3.4.2 Legislative Functions
 Participation
 Rule Making
 Declaration of Emergency
 Ordinance Making Power
- Effect of an Ordinance
- Justiciability of Ordinance Making Power
3.5 Council of Ministers (Article 74)
3.5.1 Working of the Executive
3.5.1.1 President – A Titular Head
3.5.1.2 Prime Minister
3.5.1.3 Cabinet
3.5.1.4 Collective Responsibility
3.6 Attorney-General for India
Case Laws
Election of the President
 S.K.Singh v. V.V.Giri, AIR 1970 SC 2097
 Dr. N.B.Khare v Election Commission, AIR1957 SC 694
 In Re, Presidential Poll , AIR1974 SC 1682
 Purno Agitok Sangma v. Pranab Mukherjee, (2013) 2 SCC 239
Pardoning Power of the President
 V.Sriharan@Murugan v. Union of India & Ors, AIR 2014 SC 1368
 Navneet Kaur v. State, 2014(4) SCALE 459
 Shatrughan Chauhan & Anr. v. Union of India, (2014) 3 SCC 1
 Epuru Sudhakar v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 2006 SC 3385
 State of Punjab & Ors v. Joginder Singh & Ors, AIR 1990 SC 1396
 Kehar Singh v. Union of India, AIR 1989 SC 653
 Harbans Singh v. State of U.P. AIR 1982 SC 849
 Kuljeet singh v. Lt. Governor, AIR 1981 SC 2239
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 Maru Ram v. Union of India, AIR 1980SC 2137
 K.M.Nanavati v. State of Bombay, AIR 1961 SC112
Ordinance Making Power of the President
 Rameshwar Prasad (VI) v. Union of India, AIR 2006 SC 980
 Gurudev VKSSS Maryadit v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2001 SC 1980
 Maitreyee Mahanta v State of Assam, AIR 1999 Gau 32
 Krishan Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar (1998) 5 SCC 643
 Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & others v. State of Bihar, AIR 1987 SC 579
 T.Venkata Reddy v. State of A.P. AIR 1985 SC 724
 K.Nagraj v. State of A.P, AIR 1985 SC 551
 R.K.Garg v. Union of India, AIR 1981 SC 2138
 S.K.G. Sugar Ltd. v. State of Bihar, AIR 1974 SC 1533
 U.N.R.Rao v. Indira Gandhi, AIR 1971. AIR 1971 SC 1002
Working of the Executive
 A.Sanjeevi Naidu v. State of Madras, AIR 1970 SC 1102
 U.N.R.Rao v. Indira Gandhi, AIR 1971 SC 1002
 Samsher Singh v State of Punjab, AIR 1974 SC 2192
 Kuldip Nayar v. Union of India, AIR 2006 SC 3127
 K.M. Sharma v. Devi Lal, AIR 1990 SC 528
 Harsharan Verma v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 1969
 S.P.Anand v. H.D.deve Gowda, AIR 1997 SC 272
 S.R.Choudhari v. State of Punjab, AIR 2001 SC 2707
 B.R.Kapur v State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 2001 SC 3527

Module III.1.4 State Executive Session:2

4.1 Governor
4.1.1 Significance of Governor’s Office
4.1.2 Appointment of Governor
4.1.3 Governor’s Discretionary Powers
4.1.4 Pardoning Power of the Governor
4.1.5 Ordinance Making Power
4.1.5.1 Misuse of the Power to Make Ordinances
4.2 Council of Ministers
Case Laws
 Swaran Singh v. State of U.P, AIR 1988 SC 2026
 Satpal Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 2000 SC 1702

Module III.1.5 Central Legislature Session:


13
5.1 Constitution of Parliament (Article 79)

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5.2 Composition of Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha
5.3 Duration of Houses of Parliament (Article 83)
5.4 Parliamentary Membership-
 Qualifications and Disqualification
5.5 Constitutional Qualification & Disqualification
5.6 Statutory Qualification & Disqualification
5.7 Anti-Defection Law
5.8 Functions of Parliament
5.9 Termination of Parliament
5.9.1 Prorogation
5.9.2 Adjournment
5.9.3 Dissolution
5.10 Effect of Dissolution on Business Pending in the House
5.11 Parliamentary Privileges
5.12 Legislative Procedure
Case Laws
Manoj Narula v. Union of India, (2014) 9 SCC 77
Chief Election Commissioner v. Jan Chaukidar, (2013) 7 SCC 507
Lily Thomas v. Union of India, (2013) 7 SCC 653
People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India, (2013) 10 SCC 1
 People's Union for Civil Liberties vs Union of India, (2003 (4) SCC 399)
 Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India, AIR 2006 SC 980 (Bihar Assembly
Dissolution Case)
Disqualification-
 Election Commission of India v. Saka Venkata Subba rao, AIR 1953 SC 210
Office of Profit
 Dr. Deorao Lakshman Aande v. Keshav Lakshman Borkar, 1958 (Bom)
 Smt. Kanta Kathuria v. M. Manak Chand Surana, AIR 1970 SC 694
 Rabindra Kumar Nayak v. Collector, Mayurbhanj, (1999) 2 SCC 627
 Madhukar v. Jaswant, AIR 1976 SC 2283
 Ashok Kumar Bhattacharya v. Ajoy Biswas, AIR 1985 SC 211
 Biharilal Dobray v. Roshan Lal Dobray, AIR 1984 SC 385
 Ravanna Subanna v. Kaggeerappa, AIR 1954 SC 653
 Jaya Bachchan v. Union of India, AIR 2006 SC 2119
 Divya Prakash v. Kultar Chand Rana & Anr, (1975)1 SCC 264
 Abdul Shakur v. Rikhab Chand, AIR 1958 SC 52
 Gurugovinda Basu v. Sankari Prasad, AIR 1964 SC 254
 D.R. Gurushantappa v. Abdul Khuddus, AIR 1969 SC 744
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 Satrucharla Chandrasekhar Raju v. Vyricherla Pradeep Kumar Dev, AIR 1992
SC 1959
Anti- Defection Law
 Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachilhu, (1992) 1 SCC 309
 G. Viswanathan vs The Hon'Ble Speaker Tamilnadu, (1996) 2 SCC 353
 Shri Rajendra Singh Rana & Ors. V. Swami Prasad Murya & Ors, AIR 2007
SC 1305
 Shibu Soren v. Dayanand Sahay, AIR 2001 SC 2583
 D.Sudhakar & Ors. vs D.N.Jeevanraju & Ors. on 25 January, 2012
 Balchandra L. Jarkiholi & Ors v. B.S.Yeddyurappa & Ors, (2011) 7 SCC 1
 Speaker, Orissa Legislative Assembly v. Utkal Keshari Parida,(2013) 11 SCC
794
 Parliamentary Privilegs
 Pandit M. S. M. Sharma v. Shri Sri Krishna Sinha & Ors, AIR 1959 SC 395
(Search Light Case)
 In Re:Article 143, AIR 1965 SC 745 (Keshav Singh Case)
 P.V.Narasimha Rao ETC. v. State, AIR 1998 SC 2120, (JMM Bribery Case)
 Raja Ram Pal Vs. The Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha and Ors.
(2007)3SCC184

Module III.1.6 The State Legislature Session:


02

6.1 Creation and Abolition of Legislative Councils


6.2 Compositions of the Legislative Assembly & Legislative Council
6.3 Legislative Procedures
6.3.1 Ordinary Bills
6.3.2 Money Bills
6.3.3 Assent to Bills
6.3.4 General Rules of Procedure

Module III.1.7 The Union Judiciary Session:


12

7.1 Composition of Court


7.2 Appointment of the Chief Justice of India
7.3 Appoint of Other Judges
7.4 Removal of Judges
7.5 Jurisdiction & Powers
7.5.1 Court of Record
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7.5.2 Original Jurisdiction
7.5.2.1 Extraordinary Original Jurisdiction
7.5.2.2 Appellate Jurisdiction
7.5.3 Appeal by special Leave- Article 136
7.5.4 Advisory Jurisdiction
7.5.5 Power to Complete Justice- Article 142(1)
7.5.6 Power to Review
7.5.6.1 Curative Petitions
7.6 Doctrine of Stare Decisis
7.7 Independence of Supreme Court

Case Laws
 Ram Nirnajan Ray v. State of Bihar, 2014(4) SCALE 428
 Sudhir Vasudeva, Chairman & MD, ONGC v. M.George Ravisshakaran, 2014
 Union of India v. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth, AIR 1977 SC2328
 P.L.Lakhanpal v. A.N.Ray, AIR 1975 Del.66
 C.K.Daphtary v. O.P.Gupta, AIR 1971 SC 1132
 S. P. Gupta & Ors. V. Union of India & Ors, AIR 1982 SC149
 S.C.Advocate on Record Association v. Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 441 (Judges
Transfer Case-II)
 Re Presidential Reference, AIR 1999 SC 1
 Subhash Sharma v. Union of India, AIR 1991 SC 631
 Sub-Committee of Judicial Accountability v. Union of India, AIR 1992 SC 320
 Krishnaswamy v. Union of India, (1992) 4 SCC 605
 Sarojini Ramaswami v. Union of India, AIR 1992 SC 2219
 Justice P.D.Dinakaran v. Hon’ble Judges Inquiry Committee and others, July 5,
2011
 Naresh Shridhar Mirajkar v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1967 SC 1
 Delhi Judicial Service Association v. State of Gujarat, AIR 1991 SC 2005
 In re: Vinay Chandra Mishra, (1995) 2 SCC 584
 C.Ravindran Iyer v. Justice A.M.Bhattacharjee, (1995) 5 SCC 457
 Om Prakash Jaiswal v. D.K.Mittal, AIR 2000 SC 1136

Module III.1.8 The State Judiciary Session:


02
8.1 Appointment & Removal of High Court Judges
8.2 Jurisdiction & Powers
8.2.1 Court of Record
8.2.2 General Jurisdiction
8.2.3 Constitutional Questions
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8.2.4 Power of Superintendence
8.2.4.1 Salient Features of Article 227
8.2.4.2 Scope of Article 227
8.2.5 Power of Review
8.2.6 Appellate Jurisdiction
8.2.7 Writ Jurisdiction
8.2.7.1 Nature of the Writ Jurisdiction
8.2.7.2 Territorial Jurisdiction to Issue Writs
8.2.7.3 Inter-relationship of Article 32 and 226
8.2.7.4 Article 226 and 136
8.2.7.5 Inter-Relationship between Articles 226 and 227
8.3 Subordinate Courts

Module III.1.9 Election Commission Session: 04


9.1 Fundamental Principles of Elections
9.2 Nature of the Right to Vote or Contest an Election
9.3 Election Commission
9.3.1 Commission- A Multi Member Body
9.3.2 Power and Function of Election Commission
9.4 Legislative Power Regarding Elections
9.5 Election Disputes
Case Laws
Electoral Reforms
 People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India, (2013) 10 SCC 1
 People's Union for Civil Liberties v Union of India, (2003 (4) SCC 399)
 Jafar Imam Naqvi v. Election Commission of India, 2014(Hate speech during
election compaign)
 Public Interest Foundation v. Union of India, 2013 (15) SCALE 482
 Arikala Narasa Reddy v. Venkata Rama Reddy , 2014
Other Judgements
 A.C.Jose v. Sivan Pillai, AIR 1984 SC 921
 Common Cause- A Registered society v. UOI (1996) 2 SCC 752
 Union of India v. Association for Democratic Rights (2002) 5 SCC 294
 S.S.Dhanoa v. Union of India, AIR 1991 SC 1745
 T.N.Seshan v. Union of India, (1995) 4 SCC 611
 Election Commission of India v. Subramanian Swamy , AIR 1996 SC 1810
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Case 2002

Module II1.1.10 Public Services Session: 02


10.1 Union Public Service Commission
10.2 State Public Service Commission
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10.3 Joint Public Service Commission

Module III.1.11 Comptroller and Auditor General Session:


01

4.0 Prescribed/Recommended Readings

Prescribed Readings

1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (6th edn Reprint ,Lexis Nexis


Butterworths Wadhwa 2011)
2. Mahendra Pal Singh, V.N.Shukla’s: Constitution of India (12th edn,
Eastern Book Company 2013)
3. Sujata V. Manohar, T.K.Tope’s :Constitutional Law of India (3rd
edn, Eastern Book Company 2010)
4. D.D.Basu, Commentary on the Constitution of India (8th edn, Lexis
Nexis Butterworths Wadhwa, 2008)
5. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in three volumes 4th edn
reprinted, Universal Law Publishing Co. 2006)
6. Dr. J.N.Pandey, The Constitutional Law of India (Central Law
Agency, 50th edn 2013)
7. Rama Devi V.S & Mendiratta S.K, How India Votes Election Laws,
Practice and Procedure (Butterworths, India 2000)

Recommended Readings

 S.C.Kashyap, Anti-defection Law and Parliamentary Privileges (3rd edn


Universal 2011)
 Jack Malcolm, Erskine May Parliamentary Practice (24 edn , Lexis Nexis
2011)
 Oliver Dawn & Fusaro Carlo, How Constitutions Change: A Comparative
Study (Oxford & Portland 2011)
 Gururaja Chari K., Supreme Court Selected Cases (4th edn, Wadha &
Company 2011)
 M.V.Pylee, Constitutional Amendments in India ( 3rd edn ,Universal 2010)
 M.N.Kaul &S.L.Shakdher, Practice & Procedure of Parliament (6th edn
,Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. 2009)

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi
 Madhav Godbole , The Judiciary and Governance in India ( Rupa & Co.,
2009)
 C.D.Jha(Dr.), Judicial Review of Legislative Acts (2nd edn, Lexis Nexis-
Butterworths-Wadhwa 2009)
 A.V.Dicey, An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution ,10th
edn,5th Indian reprint, Universal 2008)
 O.Chinnappa Reddy, The Court & the Constitution of India summits and
shallows (Oxford 2008)
 Durga Das Basu (Dr.), Comparative Federalism (2nd edn reprint,Wadhwa
2008)
 B.R.Agarwal, Our Judiciary (3rd revised edn, 2nd reprint 2008, National
Book Trust 2008)
 D.C.Wadhwa ,Endangered Constitutionalism: Documents of a Supreme
Court Case, (Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economis 2008)
 Arun Shourie , The Parliamentary System (ASA Publications 2007)
 B.Shiva Rao, The Framing of Indian Constitution (Universal, 1967, reprint
2006)
 Manoher G.Rao Prof, Constitutional Development through Judicial Process
(1st edn, ASIA Law House 2006)
 P.B.Rathod(Dr.), Indian Constitution, Government and Political System,
(ABD Publication, 2004)
 Satya Prakash Dash (Dr.), Constitutional and Political Dynamics of India
(1st edn, Sarup & Sons 2004)
 V.S.Rama Devi V.S & S.K.Mendiratta, How India Votes Election Laws,
Practice and Procedure (Butterworths 2000)
 Rober A. Burt , The Constitution in Conflict (Harvard University Press,
1992)
 Kailash Rai , History of Courts Legislature & Legal Profession in India (1st
edn, Allahabad Law Agency 1995 )
 Subhash Kashyap, Framing of Indian Constitution, Universal, Delhi
 Glanville Austin, Working of Democratic Constitution (Oxford 2003)

List of Acts/ Constitutional Amendments

1. The High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Salary & Conditions of Services)
Amendment Act, 2002
2. The High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Salary & Conditions of Services)
Amendment Act, 2008
3. The Representation of the People Act, 1950
4. The Representation of the People Act, 1951
5. The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2009
6. The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959
7. The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification)Amendment Act, 2006
8. Contempt of Courts Act, 1952
9. Contempt of Courts Act, 1971
10. Durgah Khwaja Saheb Act, 1961
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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
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11. Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968
12. Citizenship Act, 1955
13. Delimitation Commission Act, 1952
14. Delimitation Commission Act, 2002
15. Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975
16. The Legislative Councils Act, 1957
17. Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952
18. President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969
19. The Supreme Court (Decrees and Orders) Enforcement Orders, 1954
20. The Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970
21. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 as amended on 1977, 1986 and 2009.
22. The Supreme Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Act, 1958
23. The Supreme Court Judges (Condition of Services) Amendment Act, 2002
24. Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952
25. Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament Act, 1954
26. The Gram Nyayalaya Act, 2008
27. The Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Amendment Act, 2008

28. The Presidents (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Amendment Act, 2008
29. The Salary, Allowances And Pension Of Members Of Parliament(Amendment) Act,
2010
30. The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2010
31. Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Amendment Act, 2013
32. Representation of the People (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2013

List of Bills Pending in Parliament (Removed)


1. The Judicial standards and Accountability Bill, 2010
2. The Constitution (120th Amendment) Bill, 2013
3. The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2013

Law Commission of India Reports

Report No. Subject


58 Structure and Jurisdiction of the Higher Judiciary
72 Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
77 Delay and arrears in trial courts

80 Method of appointments of judges


92 Damages in Applications for Judicial Review
95 Constitutional Division with supreme court-a proposal for

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
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104 The judicial officers protection act 1850
116 Formation of an all India Judicial service
117 Training of judicial officers
118 Method of appointment to subordinate courts

121 A new forum for judicial appointments


125 The Supreme court-a fresh look
128 Cost of legislation
131 Role of legal profession in administration of justice
136 Conflicts in High Court’s Decisions on Central Laws
170 170th Report On Reform Of The Electoral Laws
195 195th Report on The Judges (Inquiry) Bill,  2005
214 214th Report on Proposal for reconsideration of Judges Case I, II and III - S P
Gupta Vs, UOI
215 215th Report on L. Chandra Kumar be revisited by Larger Bench of Supreme
Court
221 221st Report on Need for Speedy Justice – Some Suggestions
223 223rd Report on Need for Ameliorating the lot of the Have-nots – Supreme
Court’s Judgments
229 229th Report on Need for division of the Supreme Court into a Constitution Bench
at Delhi and Cassation Benches in four regions at Delhi, Chennai/Hyderabad,
Kolkata and Mumbai
230 230th Report on Reforms in the Judiciary - Some Suggestions

5.0 Teaching Methodology

 
 Lecture Method
 Case Analysis
 Class-room participation

6.0 Evaluation Pattern

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Semester: IV Course: Constitutional Law-II Faculty: Avinash
Bhagi
Evaluation: Marks

Mid- Semester Test….………………………………………………………..30


Continuous Evaluation -------------------------------------------------------------------20
End-Semester Examination…………………………………………………..50

Total 100

7.0 Tentative Dates for Continuous Evaluation Tests/ Submission of Project/


GD, etc

Class Test Maximum Marks Date


Class Test-1 20 18 February 2014
(Wednesday)

8.0 Important Instructions to Students

 The given course-outline is tentative. The faculty-member may modify it while


preparing the reference material and engaging the classes.
 The teaching methodology of the subject will not necessarily be bound by the
parameters shown here.
 Both faculty-member and students may mould it according to needs as and when they
arise for better and progressive understanding of the subject in a flexible way.
 Active and positive class participation is mandatory. Maintaining the dignity and
decorum of the class is equally mandatory. Once the class is begun the students are not
allowed to enter the class room.
 The students are required to come to the class with necessary home work, which will be
beneficial for positive participation in lectures.
 It is mandatory for the students to bring bare act of the Constitution of India in the class
room.

9.0 Contact Hours

Days: Monday, Wednesday & Friday


Timings: 3.30-4.30 Hours

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