Laser Fence High Security System

A PROJECT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
By
Nitesh Kumar (16MI426)
Anmol Sharma (16MI406)
Harshit Verma (16MI433)
Kushal Kumar (16MI429)

Under the guidance of

Dr. (Mrs.) Rajeevan Chandel

Professor, E&CE Department
NIT Hamirpur, H.P.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAMIRPUR
170005 (INDIA)
May, 2020

i
Copyright © NIT HAMIRPUR (HP),
INDIA, 2020

ii
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Project-II Report entitled
“Laser Fence High Security System” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering and
submitted to the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering of National
Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.) is an authentic record of my own work carried out
during a period from Jan 2020 to May 2020 under the supervision of Prof. Rajeevan Chandel,
E&CE Department, NIT Hamirpur (H.P.), India.

Nitesh Kumar (16MI426)

Anmol Sharma (16MI406)

Harshit Verma (16MI433)

Kushal Kumar (16MI429)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date:

Prof. Rajeevan Chandel

Professor
ECE Department, NIT Hamirpur H.P.
(Project Supervisor)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank the following people for their support and guidance, without whom, the
completion of this project would not have been possible.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude and heartfelt thanks to Prof. Rajeevan Chandel for their
unflinching support and guidance, valuable suggestions and expert advice. Her words of wisdom and
expertise in subject matter were of immense help throughout the duration of this project. We also take
the opportunity to thank worthy Director, NIT Hamirpur, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Head DoECE, and all
the faculty of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Hamirpur for helping
us by providing necessary knowledge base and resources.
Online access to our mentor cum Supervisor even during the tough Covid-19 period, helped us
immensely to work on this project and in writing the project report. We pray to God to let this difficult
phase pass away and once again paving the way for healthy & blissful life.

We would also like to thank our parents and friends for their constant support.

NITESH KUMAR (16MI426)

ANMOL SHARMA (16MI406)
HARSHIT VERMA (16MI433)
KUSHAL KUMAR (16MI429)

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 ABSTRACT

Laser fence is a technology used to detect objects that pass through the laser barrier between the laser
source and optical detector. During that, warning device will work and security camera will focus on
the unauthorized access point. Laser rays are coherent hence navigate through long paths without losing
its directivity. Visibility of the laser depends upon dopants used in its fabrication. We can adjust the
level of dopants accordingly to make laser invisible and hence suitable for security fencing. Using this
security system circuit, an invisible boundary can be made around a sensitive area. We have designed
a power feeding circuit for our fence to minimize power usage. Laser Fence is circuitry incorporating
transceiver pair of laser semiconductor and light dependent resistor (LDR). LDR sensor and laser
transmitter are both connected with the main driver circuit which includes microcontroller and power
circuit. We have adopted a line of sight concept between the laser transmitter and receiver. Beside
alarm, a message can be sent to the concerned authority. Gas sensor and temperature sensor are also
included in the circuit which will act as a fire detector and will provide safety from fire. Based on the
above technology and phenomena an efficient security system based on qualitative testing is
accomplished in the present work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE………………………………………………………....……...….........iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………….….....……..iv

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….......…..........v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………..………………………………….........….............vi

LIST OF FIGURES ………………………….…………………………………………vii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION………………………………………….....….…….........viii

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION…………………………...…………...……………...........1-2

Ⅱ. METHODOLOGY……………………………………….……..……............3-4

Ⅲ. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE………………...…….……..…….…….......5

Ⅳ. LITERATURE SURVEY………………………...……….…........…….........6

Ⅴ. PROJECT IDEOLOGY…………………………...……….…...………..…….7

Ⅵ. BLOCK DIAGRAM………………………………………………….….........8

Ⅶ. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & WORKING………………………………...…..9-10

Ⅷ. MAIN COMPONENTS REQUIRED…………………...……..............11-18

Ⅸ. DESIGNED CIRCUIT………………………………………………...........19

Ⅹ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………...............20-21

Ⅺ. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE…………………...………..........22

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….…........23

PUBLICATION...........................................................................................................24

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 -- Basic LASER Fencing Structure ..........................................................................1

Figure 2 -- Basic Schematic of the circuit ............................................................................. .3
Figure 3 -- Flow chart of Operational Procedure ................................................................... .5
Figure 4 -- Block diagram for proposed system .................................................................... .8
Figure 5 -- Circuit diagram for proposed system................................................................... .9
Figure 6 -- GSM Module ...................................................................................................... 11
Figure 7 -- Pin Diagram of Atmega 328P ............................................................................. 12
Figure 8 -- LDR (Receiver) .................................................................................................. 14
Figure 9 -- LCD display ....................................................................................................... 15
Figure 10 -- LASER Source ................................................................................................. 16
Figure 11 -- Gas Sensor.........................................................................................................17
Figure 12-- Buzzer ................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 13 --(a) PCB designed ............................................................................................... 19
Figure 13 --(b) Complete operation of the designed circuit .................................................... 19
Figure 14 -- Screenshot of the message received after intrusion and fire outbreak ................. 20

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ABBREVIATIONS MEANINGS

LOS Line of Sight

ADC Analog to Digital Conversion

AT Attention

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

AC Alternating Current

DC Direct Current

LDR Light Dependent Resistor

SMS Short Message Service

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

LED Light Emitting Diode

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

RF Radio Frequency

CO Carbon Monoxide

IP Internet protocol

MHZ Mega-hertz

PCB Printed Circuit Board

WSN Wireless Sensor Network

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 I. INTRODUCTION
Security Systems are the most advancing aspects of modern technology and are the priority of any
individual or firm. Technology is advancing every day. The criminals are also improving their
technology usage. Therefore, the security has to be efficient enough to outsmart such anti-social
elements and their deeds. So a fence needs to be created around the sensitive area so that the intruder
activity could be detected when the perimeter fence is obstructed. Also for the protection from fire, the
gas sensor has also been included in the circuit.

The Visibility of Laser can be controlled by its fabrication and its dopant level. Furthermore, laser rays
are coherent hence, capable of covering long distance without scattering effect [1]. Both of these
qualities make laser as a choice for high-security parameters. The system is programmed by using c#
as program language to detect a penetration. To provide safety from intruders such circuitry could be
used, further to protect the system from fire an extra circuitry may also be included e.g. smoke sensor
could be used to detect smoke, which after detection will activate the GSM which in turn will
automatically send signals, via messages, to the fire service station and security offices as well [2].
Also, this has special programmable algorithms to achieve holistic system optically, electronically and
programmatically.

Fig. 1. Basic LASER Fencing Structure

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We have designed line of sight (LOS) system for laser fence which helps to make this system
affordable for even moderate security parameters. In normal atmospheric conditions, laser beam
intercepts the LDR receiver irrespective of any scattering because laser’s order of a wavelength is
comparable to the diameter of collecting mirror present in the LDR hence, laser fence is working in
sync. When laser travels through the atmosphere in challenging conditions like hail storms, rain,
snowfall; it shows physical scattering due to micro-particles which result in diffused laser but due to
its coherent property even this diffused light can be utilized, because of the algorithm that we have
designed. We have set basic threshold values for luminous intensity of laser corresponding to each
weather condition, hence this system can be used in extreme conditions.
In the present project, usage of the basic principle of optical communication has been attempted for
implementing a high security fence.

2
 II. METHODOLOGY

The motivation behind the project is to provide maximal security in a restricted area which is basically
a high-security zone. If someone tries to pass over the border lines defined by the laser lights then the
system will perform certain tasks e.g. an alarm will be triggered, SMS will be sent to the authorized
person and appropriate messages will also be displayed on the LCD. The Light Dependent Resistor
(LDR) device is used as a laser light sensor.
The laser light constantly falls on the LDR. If somehow laser lights are interrupted, even for a moment,
the intensity of light on LDR will decrease. Due to this output of ADC will go low. The microcontroller
will sense the information at that moment. Now microcontroller will trigger an alarm and will send the
SMS using the GSM module which operates on AT commands and connected in series with the
microcontroller. It is of interest, with respect to the laser communication links, to examine the subject
of whether the data transmitted along a narrow line-of-sight to a receiver is proof against capture
attempt.

Fig. 2. Basic Schematic of the circuit

3
The final project will consist of two parts:
1. Laser Security System
2. Fire detector system

Fig. 2 is showing basic connections in the system. In this Fig. proper connections of laser security
alarm with ATMEGA is shown. The Laser security alarm will notify that someone has trespassed
secured area and analog counter will give the count that how many persons have trespassed that
particular area.
This project will give us effective protected area to us. Once this protected area will be breached, the
alarm will be sound.
We made the LASER security in low budget. Laser security systems are a high technology that used
to be a part of home security only available to the wealthy. But it includes switch dependent sensor
and a basic alarm unit.
The circuitry consisting smoke sensor will detect the smoke, if present, and will give real time signals
to the authorized person and fire service station. Hence the system gets protection from fire as well.

4
 III. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE
The flow chart given in Fig.3 provides the detailed functioning of the circuit. If LASER is obstructed
at that time buzzer will ring, message would be shown on liquid crystal display (LCD) and GSM would
be activated. This would provide real time data to the authorized person in form of either message or
ring. After the reset button everything would come to original state.
To provide safety against fire, smoke sensor would sense the smoke and provide signal to authorized
person as well as fire service station.

Fig. 3. Flow chart of Operational Procedure

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 IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

A brief literature survey on various laser fencing techniques is presented here. We examined number of
research papers regarding security systems and methods. Different research papers were showing different
methodologies and approaches, so analysis of these papers was done carefully and finally the best possible
outcome results were introduced in our system.
In term of security matter, the residents could be alarmed by providing the security system to the homes
and factories to protect them from the theft and intruders [3].
The study carried about the service bus communication architecture tells how to improve
communication by using Raspberry-Pi system controllers. Controllers are interfaced with windows
mobile users that make system more compatible and faster. The automation security system has
successfully been developed which has laser lights alarm along with web pages and mobile apps [4].
Despite only transmitting alarm signals, other information such as voice and picture can be
transmitted by the system with the transceiver module. The framework is totally wireless, which
makes the system simple to introduce and utilize. Along with this the framework has low cost, low
power consumption [5].
The low power consumption implementation for wireless sensor network node using MSP430 &
nRF24L01 is also crucial factor. This way it also helps to reduce the cost of system that can be further
used for many applications. In this modification of wireless sensor network(WSN) helps to get adaptive
power and easy installation of devices with less bulky system [6].
Other research work represents the implementation and design of an interactive home automation
system with GSM, internet accessibility and speech features. GSM increases the coverage area of
communication. RF communication system helps in easy installation [7].
Several large area automation protections available have been examined and there are not many
parameters absent in that system identified. Some used a remote and mobile-based system with latest
android tools [8].
Numerous transformer substations have introduced border alert frameworks, which mostly incorporate
AC high-voltage grid, electronic pulse fence, infrared electronic fence, etc. In the initial two
frameworks there are few disadvantages, for example, high consumption of energy, maintenance is
difficult and easy to cause lethal injury. Conversely, the infrared fence is more reliable and safe, but it
still has the shortcoming like low alarming accuracy [9].
In other system [10], plain design for laser fencing is used. In our system we have used line of sight
(LOS) design. Plain design laser fence is easy to detect and diffuse as compared to LOS design. This
project deals with advance technology of laser with automobile engineering. The technology is
combined with control system, sensors, computer display. The system is quite fast and efficient.
6
 V. PROJECT IDEOLOGY

The idea behind the Laser fence is to develop a technology used to detect objects that pass through the
laser barrier between the laser source and optical detector. During that, the warning device will work
and the security camera will focus on the unauthorized access point. Laser rays are coherent hence
navigate through long paths without losing its directivity. The visibility of the laser depends upon
dopants used in its fabrication. We can adjust the level of dopants accordingly to make laser invisible
and hence suitable for security fencing. Using this security system circuit, an invisible boundary can
be made around a sensitive area. We have designed a power feeding circuit for our fence to minimize
power usage. Laser Fence is circuitry incorporating transceiver pair of laser semiconductor and light-
dependent resistor (LDR). LDR sensor and laser transmitter are both connected with the main driver
circuit which includes microcontroller and power circuit. We have adopted a line of sight concept
between the laser transmitter and receiver. Beside alarm, a message can be sent to the concerned
authority. Gas sensors and temperature sensors are also included in the circuit which will act as a fire
detector and will provide safety from fire. Based on the above technology and phenomena an efficient
security system based on qualitative testing is accomplished in the present work.

RELATED WORK [3]

Infrared Security System– Heat Signatures of the body are used to detect intrusion in the fenced area.
This System is of high maintenance and precision as compared to laser security system.

7
 VI. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 4 is showing the basic block diagram of the whole system. 230V AC input is step down using the
step down transformer into 12V AC. The bridge rectifier converts the 12V AC into pulsating 12V DC.
Then using the capacitors ripples are removed. Now the filtered DC is given to the 7805 regulator to
obtain +5V regulated output. This regulated voltage is given, as supply, to all the components including
ATMEGA 328, GSM, Buzzer, laser generator and LCD module.
If any intrusion happens through the laser fence formed by transceiver pair, the buzzer would start
buzzing and an immediate intrusion message would be sent to the owner.

Fig. 4. Block diagram for proposed system

8
 VII. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & WORKING

A voltage divider circuit is used to implement the present design. When the light coming from the
laser transmitter comes in the contact of LDR receiver, its resistance decreases by its property and
hence voltage across it also reduces.

Fig. 5. Circuit diagram for proposed system

From Fig. 5 a resistance connected in series with the LDR. So voltage across the resistance increases.
When the connection between the LASER and LDR is broken i.e. when the LASER is not in the
contact with LDR, the resistance gets suddenly increased and hence the voltage across it also

9
increases. Hence the voltage across the series resistance decreases. One end of this series resistance of
each LDR circuit is connected to the ATMEGA 328P ADC pins and another end is connected to the
ground terminal. This enables the microcontroller pins and hence the program is executed which
activates the other interfaced circuitry connected with the controller chip.

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 VIII. MAIN COMPONENTS REQUIRED

A. GSM900 MODULE

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications and is the global standard for mobile
communications.

GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global system for mobile communication
(GSM). It is widely used mobile communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital
cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHz,
900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.

Fig. 6. GSM Module

The GSM-900 has a down link frequency range of 935-960 MHz and an up link frequency of range of
895-915 MHz. This frequency band is partitioned into 124 pairs of simplex channels with separation
of 200KHz.A particular range of simplex channels is given to a particular network provider.

The type of interface used in GSM is digital air interface. The analogue voice signals are converted to
digital signals before transmission up to 8 MS subscribers can be handled by the GSM RF carrier at a
time. The rate of transmission is 270 Kbps.

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 B. ATMEGA 328P

PIN DESCRIPTION
VCC: Digital supply voltage.
GND: Ground.
a) Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull- up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port
B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source Capability. As
inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator
amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse
settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated
RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7.6 is used as TOSC2.1 input for the Asynchronous
Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.

Fig. 7. Pin Diagram of Atmega 328P

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 b) Port C (PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The PC5.0
output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As
inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are
activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
running.

c) PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics
of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is un- programmed, PC6
is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate
a Reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not guarantee to generate a reset.

d) Port D (PD7:0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port
D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As
inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are
activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
running.

e) AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should be externally
connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC
through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6.4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.
f) AREF
AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

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 C. Light Dependent Resister (LDR)

The light dependent resistor is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing
light intensity. It is also called as “Photo Resistor” or “Photo conductor”. The light dependant resistor
uses high resistance semiconductor material (Cadmium Sulphide). When light falls on such a
semiconductor the bound electrons [i.e. Valence electrons] get the light energy from the incident
photos.

Fig. 8. LDR (Receiver)

Due to this additional energy, these electrons become free and jump in to the conduction band. The
electron –hole pairs are generated. Due to these charge carriers, the conductivity of the device
increases, decreasing its resistivity.

Photo-resistors can be placed in streetlights to control when the light is on. Ambient light falling on
the photo-resistor causes the streetlight to turn off. Thus energy is saved by ensuring the light is only
on during hours of darkness.

Photo-resistors or LDRs are also used in laser-based security systems to detect the change in the light
intensity when a person/object passes through the laser beam.

14
 D. LCD Display

This device is used to display 16 characters per line on the screen and it has 2 such lines. It shows the
results on the screen getting from microcontroller unit. It uses liquid crystal to produce a required
image.

Fig. 9. LCD display

Above is the connection diagram of LCD in 4-bit mode, where we only need 6 pins to interface an LCD. D4-
D7 is the data pins connection and Enable and Register select are for LCD control pins. We are not using
Read/Write (RW) Pin of the LCD, as we are only writing on the LCD so we have made it grounded permanently.
If we want to use it, then we may connect it on your controller but that will only increase another pin and does
not make any big difference. Potentiometer RV1 is used to control the LCD contrast. The unwanted data pins of
LCD i.e. D0-D3 are connected to ground.

15
 E. LASESR Source
A laser is a device in which by stimulated emission light will emit at a particular wavelength and after
that light will be amplified to give a narrow beam of radiations. It has a spatial coherence. A laser
differs from other sources of light in that it emits light which is coherent. Spatial coherence allows a
laser to be focused to a tight spot. Laser Pointer acts as the main source of light in this project. We have
used a small laser pointer with an output power of less than 1mW. The laser pointer emits red light and
the wavelength of the laser output is between 630 nm to 680 nm.

Fig. 10. LASER Source

The most common type of laser uses feedback from an optical cavity—a pair of mirrors on either end
of the gain medium. Light bounces back and forth between the mirrors, passing through the gain
medium and being amplified each time. Typically one of the two mirrors, the output coupler, is
partially transparent. Some of the light escapes through this mirror. Depending on the design of the
cavity (whether the mirrors are flat or curved), the light coming out of the laser may spread out or form
a narrow beam. In analogy to electronic oscillators, this device is sometimes called a laser oscillator.

Most practical lasers contain additional elements that affect properties of the emitted light, such as the
polarization, wavelength, and shape of the beam.

16
 F. Carbon monoxide Sensor

This Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas sensor detects the concentrations of CO in the air and outputs its
reading as an analog voltage. The sensor can measure concentrations of 10 to 10,000 ppm.The sensor
can operate at temperatures from -10 to 50°C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V.

A gas sensor is simply a device which detects the presence or concentration of gases in the atmosphere.
Based on the concentration of the gas the sensor produces a corresponding potential difference by
changing the resistance of the material inside the sensor, which can be measured as output voltage.
Based on this voltage value the type and concentration of the gas can be estimated.

Fig. 11. Gas Sensor

Gas Sensor Working

The ability of a Gas sensor to detect gases depends on the chemi-resister to conduct current. The
most commonly used chemi-resistor is Tin Dioxide (SnO2) which is an n-type semiconductor that has
free electrons (also called as donor). Normally the atmosphere will contain more oxygen than
combustible gases. The oxygen particles attract the free electrons present in SnO2 which pushes them
to the surface of the SnO2. As there are no free electrons available output current will be zero.

When the sensor is placed in the toxic or combustible gases environment, this reducing gas reacts
with the adsorbed oxygen particles and breaks the chemical bond between oxygen and free electrons
thus releasing the free electrons. As the free electrons are back to its initial position they can now
conduct current ,this conduction will be proportional to amount of free electrons available in SnO2 , if
the gas is highly toxic more free electrons will be available.

17
 G. Buzzer

A buzzer is a small yet efficient component to add sound features to our project/system. It is very
small and compact 2-pin structure hence can be easily used on breadboard, Perf Board and even on
PCBs which makes this a widely used component in most electronic applications.

There are two types are buzzers that are commonly available. The one shown here is a simple buzzer
which when powered will make a Continuous Beeeeeeppp. sound, the other type is called
a readymade buzzer which will look bulkier than this and will produce a Beep. Beep. Beep. Sound
due to the internal oscillating circuit present inside it. But, the one shown here is most widely used
because it can be customized with help of other circuits to fit easily in our application.

This buzzer can be used by simply powering it using a DC power supply ranging from 4V to 9V. A
simple 9V battery can also be used, but it is recommended to use a regulated +5V or +6V DC supply.
The buzzer is normally associated with a switching circuit to turn ON or turn OFF the buzzer at
required time and require interval.

Fig. 12. Buzzer

Software Used

 Arduino Compiler
 ExpressPCB software is used here to form the layout of the circuit. For the first
time designing circuit boards has been made simple for the beginner and efficient
for the professional.

18
 IX. DESIGNED CIRCUIT

Fig. 13 (a). PCB designed

Fig. 13 (b). Complete operation of the designed circuit

19
 X. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The field of alarms and sensors is a very developed one. New and improved types of alarms and sensors
are always coming into the market and the choice between the different types seems quite difficult. All
security system present in the market almost have same type of working but a security system which is
cost effective and tackle wide range of security concern is the need of the hour. So we tried to address
this need with our project.

In our project the layout of the circuit is made on EXPRESS PCB software. After making layout the
next task was to embed various components on the designed pcb. After having the prepared hardware,
the code is designed according to the circuitry and results will be analyzed. The detection system
consists of two parts. The first is transmitter and second is receiver. If anyone tries to cross the invisible
beam, the controlled circuit will sense the discontinuity by the LDR and turn on the warning circuit.
This warning circuit will activates GSM, buzzer, LCD to perform respective functions. As soon as we
receive any message on the phone, it would be clear to us that intrusion has happened & hence necessary
measures can be taken.

Fig. 13(a) is showing the designed PCB. For this, first the layout was made by keeping all the design
rules in the mind and then the pcb design was made. PCB layout was made in EXPRESS pcb
software. Fig. 13(b) gives the designed circuit in operational mode. After operating the circuit the
result can be obtained and protection from intrusion and fire can be ensured.

Fig. 14. Screenshot of the message received after intrusion and fire outbreak

20
Fig. 14 is showing how the message will be received when any intrusion will take place. It is also
showing the message when any fire broke out take place. The second circuitry is the fire detection
circuitry which will give us the indication regarding any fire outbreak. In our system, we used various
IOT methods to incorporate fire security measures which were missed in most of security systems. This
circuitry consists of temperature and smoke sensor. As soon as the sensor senses the smoke it would
activate fire circuitry which consists of sensors, GSM and ATMEGA chip. This would send messages
to the authorized person as well as fire service station. Hence these two circuitries are interfaced
together with the ATMEGA chip which makes our whole project.

21
 XI. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

The most critical element to the laser security system is the ability to be absolutely invisible, until any
sort of powder, smoke or dust enters into the room. Laser has high coherence and very low scattering
property which makes it able to be used in various applications.

In this project LASER fence system security is proposed, which will not only include the protection
from intrusion but from fire as well. The analysis shows that it has high security, advantages of low
power consumption and low chances of errors. The system could be used for large scale perimeter. The
proposed high security system design shall provide huge social and economic benefits. Use of GSM
technology makes the system more suitable & advanced as the real time data, containing intrusion
status and fire status, is transmitted to authorized person. Red LASER used in the project makes it more
safe and reliable and prevents from lethal shocks, but the system may have low alarm accuracy.

By using infrared laser diode source instead of LASER pointer will improve the optical specification
for the system. Wireless IP cameras will deliver live video and audio through the internet to a web
browser which will enable the system user to watch the protected area directly. Hence introduction of
such circuitry can also help us to have better surveillance, but reducing the cost of the system would
be the challenge. In-spite of using single sensor, multi-sensors such as proximity sensor and any
security sensor can be introduced to enhance the effectiveness of the system. Also by using programs
and new optical designs the system efficiency could be enhanced.

22
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 PUBLICATION

1. Nitesh Kumar, Anmol Sharma, Harshit Verma, Kushal Kumar and Rajeevan Chandel, “Laser fence-
a high security system,” Under preparation.

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