CONCEPT MAP TO

M A N A G E T H E RISK-BASED PROCESS CESAR PUMA

S A F E T Y O F
P R O C E S S E S S A F E T Y O v e r v i e w cesar.puma@ingenieros.com
 Ensuring consistent implementation
 Establish a consistent implementation  Involve competent staff
 Implementing the Program consistently across the Company  Determine the collection and reporting of  Identify when audits are needed
 Define an appropriate scope for the incident investigation element  Maintain a reliable practice of metrics for
 Prepare for auditing
 Involve competent staff reporting and incident investigation  Ensuring that the reach of metrics is adequate
Monitor incident investigation practices for efficiency  Determine the scope and schedule of audit

 Identify potential incidents for the  involve Competition  Assemble the equipment
 Monitor all sources of possible incidents  Maintaining effective metric practices
Ensure that all incidents are reported investigation  Assign responsibilities  Define roles and responsibilities
  Metrics of appropriate elements of
 Start investigations promptly  Use appropriate techniques to implementation
 Collecting advanced information  Setting standards for performance
 Collecting appropriate data during the investigation investigate incidents  Maintaining a reliable  Collect and update metrics
 Plan on-site activities  Validate the effectiveness of the program COMMITMENT TO SAFETY
 Conduct the audit Prepare for review
 Interface with the Emergency Management Element  Results of the investigation of practice  Summarize and communicate metrics in a Document the Audit

 Use appropriate techniques for data analysis document incidents  Acquisition of useful format

 Address audit findings and recommendations
 Determine the scope of review UNDERSTANDING HAZARD AND RISKS
 Investigate the causes at an appropriate depth  Use metrics to demonstrate RBPS elements  Schedule the review
 Follow through the results of the behavioral metrics  Monitor RBPS maturation over time for each facility  Collecting information
 Develop a written program  Demand technical rigour in the research process
investigations  Use metrics to make  Sharing best practices  Prepare a presentation
RISK MANAGEMENT
 Defining the scope of the program  Providing research staff with the right experience and tools
 Involve Competition  Develop effective recommendations  Trend data to identify repeated corrective action  Document the review
 Identify credible accident scenarios based on hazards  Prepare incident investigation reports incidents that warrant the decisions  Addressing the findings/recommendations of the LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE
 Assess credible accident scenarios  Provide clear links between causes and recommendations review
investigation
 Select Planning Scenarios  Resolve recommendations  Strive to continually improve Definitions
 Plan defensive response actions  Communicating Findings Internally  Drive from field inspectorations Important Facts
Plan offensive response actions  Communicating findings externally Solutions
 Define roles and responsibilities 
Develop written emergency response plans  Keep incident investigation records Solutions Warnings
 Setting standards for performance 
Record all reported incidents  Maintaining a reliable practice Plans and Programs
 Providing physical facilities and equipment  Facilities should monitor the performance
 Validate the effectiveness of the program
 Maintenance/Testing of Facilities and Equipment  Analyzing incident trends Determining the root causes of equipment of real-time management systems instead  Carrying out element work activities
 Follow the written procedures
 Determining when the unit operator's response is failures and personnel failures can lead to of waiting for infrequent incidents or  Use audits to improve RBPS efficiency  Maintaining a reliable practice
 Follow safe working practices solutions that reduce the frequency and/or
 Using skilled workers appropriate audits to identify management system  Conducting review activities
 Train members of the emergency response team consequences of entire categories of incidents. failures.
 Allocating adequate resources
 Plan communications  Maintaining a reliable  Monitor organizational performance
 Formalize communications between workers
 Formalize shift communications  Periodically review emergency response plans practice

SOLUCIONES
 Formalize communications between working groups  Conduct emergency evacuation and emergency response  Prepare for emergencies Solutions
 Adhere to safe operating limits and operating limitation drills
 Periodically test the Las consecuencias de cualquier Importance
 Perform table exercises incidente en particular pueden reducirse
conditions
 Crisis of Practice Communication adequacy of plans and the Importance Evaluate RBPS management systems to ensure they are
 Controlling access and occupation significativamente con una planificación  Sets performance and efficiency
Formalize equipment/ownership of assets and access protocols  Criticism exercises, exercises and real answers level of readiness y una respuesta de emergencia efectivas in place and work in a way that protects employees,
 indicators to monitor RBPS's almost time
 Monitor the status of the team  Conducting assessments and audits  The trend of incident and incident data to identify effectiveness and address: customers, communities, and physical assets from
 Maintaining a good cleanliness  Addressing findings and recommendations recurring incidents  What indicators to consider (proactive process safety risk. Solutions
 Maintain labeling  A formal process for investigating incidents including and reactive).How often to collect data.
 Maintain lighting personnel, conducting, documenting and tracking What to do to ensure effective RBPS.
 Maintain instruments and tools investigations of process security incidents Provides regular health checks on process safety  Establishing process safety as a core value
 Emphasize observation and attention to detail  Management of the resolution and documentation of Importance management systems to identify and correct current  Provide strong leadership
 Promoting a questioning/learning attitude IMPORTANCIA the recommendations generated by the investigations or emerging deficiencies before they can be  Establish and enforce high performance
An audit of the RBPS management system is the
 Empowering workers to recognize the dangers systematic review of RBPS management systems to disclosed by an audit or incident. standards
What is it?
 Train workers to self-report and peer-to-peer checks  Maintaining a reliable practice  Planning possible emergencies. verify effective and consistent suitability and  Documenting the focus and emphasis of
 Establishing standards of conduct  Control operations activities implementation. process safety culture
Maintaining responsibility  Provide resources to run the plan. WHAT DOES IT Management must ensure that they

  As operational activities   Maintaining a sense of vulnerability
Solutions

 Strive to continually improve
 Maintaining fitness for duty
 Conduct field inspections
 Correct deviations immediately
 Establish a consistent practice
 Develop Competent Staff
 Maintaining effective MOC practices
 Define the scope of the MOC system
 Manage all sources of change
 Provide adequate input information to
manage changes
 Apply appropriate technical rigour to
the MOC review process
Monitor the status of systems and equipment Practice and continuously improve the plan. have set the appropriate parameters to
become more complex,  INCLUDE?  Empowering people to successfully fulfill
 Develop required skills/behaviors there must also be an
Train or inform employees, contractors, neighbors, measure the performance of the Process process safety responsibilities
 Monitor organizational performance and local authorities about what to do, how they will Security elements. Importance
increase in the formality of be notified, and how to report an emergency. An essential aspect of improving process security  Deferring the experience
operations to ensure a safe performance is learning from incidents and taking What is it?  Ensuring open and effective
 Communicate effectively with stakeholders in the communications
and consistent event of an incident. appropriate steps to prevent them from recurring. It is routine evaluation by managing
performance of critical Management must ensure that incidents are Management should ensure that whether management systems are working  Set up an interrogation! Learning
 Ensuring consistent implementation tasks. consistently reported and investigated and that there is a routine review and as intended and producing the desired environment
 Determine types and triggers for preparation practice  A lower than adequate identified actions and learnings are implemented in a independent audit of compliance with results as efficiently as possible  Encouraging mutual trust
 Determine the scope of readiness reviews level of human WHAT DOES IT timely manner. PSM framework expectations.  Provide a timely response to process
 Involve competent staff performance will adversely INCLUDE? security issues and concerns
 Ensuring that preparation practices remain effective affect all aspects of  Provide continuous performance
 Providing the right people operations. The consequences of an incident can be significantly Deviation monitoring
 Involve Appropriate Resources and Staff reduced if the organization is adequately prepared to normalization
 Apply the right work process handle potential emergencies. Management must ensure What is it? (gradual erosion of
 Performing the work of elements diligently that, in the event of incidents, the organization is standards by higher
 Create item work products adequately prepared to take the necessary actions for the tolerance of
 Consider important issues that affect the start protection of the public; staff and contractors; the Periodic review of PSM framework nonconformity)
 Communicate the decisions and actions of the readiness review Importance environment; plant and equipment, and the reputation of compliance is vital to ensure that
 Take risk control measures The execution of the organization. process security performance
Updating process security knowledge and records continues to meet defined objectives.
What is it?

 operational and
 Make sure MOC reviewers have the  Maintain item work records management tasks in a
right experience and tools deliberate and structured  Lack of compliance with high safety
 Authorize changes The execution of project maintenance and work Investigations of catastrophic events standards.  Maintaining a reliable practice

Problems

Solution
manner.

Importance
activities, if not properly managed, can significantly have identified common weaknesses  No sense/sense of vulnerability.
 Ensure that change authorizers address
 Maintaining a reliable practice increase process risk levels. Management should ensure  Developing and implementing a
important issues  Culture is an organization's value in the process safety culture that are  They are poor communications. strong culture
 Update records  Identify potential change  Maintaining a reliable  Experience has shown that the that effective work controls, work permits and task risk
system. often factors in other serious  Delay or no response to process
frequency of incidents is assessment are put in place and met to control the risks 20 incidents.  Monitor and guide culture
 Communicate changes to staff situations practice
higher during process arising from work activities. 19  Culture is reflected in the way security issues and concerns.
 Take risk control measures  Assess potential impacts  Conduct appropriate people think and act.

What is it?
Ensuring the integrity of operations requires
 Keeping MOC records transitions, such as 18  Culture determines what is
Solutions

 Deciding whether to allow preparation reviews commissioning. a commitment of visible leadership and
acceptable and what is not.
change as needed  It is important that the process accountability at all levels of the
 Culture must evolve and must be
 Full follow-up activities  Making startup is verified as safe to get organization.
practiced and supported at all
decisions based on started.
The commissioning of new, modified or existing
17 Management must establish safety policy,
provide perspective, set safety performance levels.
preparation results installations and equipment is a high-risk operation. goals, and provide the structure and
Define roles and responsibilities  Follow decisions, Importance  Ensuring consistent implementation of the
What is it?

 Management should ensure that there is a resources to achieve them. standards system
 Validate the effectiveness of the program actions, and use of systematic process to verify that the plant and
Control documents Ensures that non-operational  Identify when compliance is needed
 Solutions preparation results processes are verified in a safe
equipment are in safe condition, and that the staff 16  Operate and maintain a secure  Involve competent staff
 Perform a job/task analysis is adequately prepared, before commissioning or
 Determining minimum requirements (or condition before starting returning to normal operation.
facility  Maintaining a reliable practice  Providing appropriate inputs to
 MOCs are not prioritized.  Systematically implement process
essentials) for job candidates again.
safety practices  Carry out compliance work standardization activities
 Determining what training is needed  The MOC process becomes a Recognized And Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices activities
 Carry out compliance enforcement
 Institutionalizing knowledge and

Application
 Group training in logical programs collection ground for project activities
Manage changes
experience  Move forward with decisions,  Determine compliance status periodically

Importance
 documentation. A system to identify, develop,  Minimize legal liability
 Develop or acquire training materials
 Important accumulation of
PreStartSafetyReview 15 acquire, evaluate, disseminate  Establishing bases for the audit actions, and use of compliance as needed and provide a status report to

What is it?
 Consider the time needed Compliance with legislation is a management
If a proposed System to ensure that all and provide access to program to determine the results Review the applicability of standards as
shares. fundamental requirement for 
Problems

 Consider Related Topics modification is applicable standards, codes, compliance of the management
 Ensuring training is available  The signature/approval process changes introduced are organizations. new information or changes emerge
made to a regulations and laws that affect system
Importance

 Initially qualified workers thoroughly examined Management must ensure that the  Update compliance documents and reports
is not understood. dangerous process prior to implementation process security. as needed
 Regular test workers without proper Introducing any form of change in an organization, if requirements of applicable law are
and are evaluated, Communicate compliance or send
What is it?

 Review all qualification requirements review, the risk of a not properly managed, can significantly increase identified, understood, and met. 
communicated and compliance assurance records to the
periodically process security coordinated prior to
process security risk levels. Management must ensure
that risks arising from any form of change are
14 1 appropriate external entity
incident could implementation. Applies Maintain item work records
 Initial training: before increase systematically identified, evaluated and managed. 
to equipment, products,

WHAT'S IT FOR?
operating the process significantly. operating conditions,  Ensure that the right
 Supplemental upgrade and personnel and 2 information is available  Catastrophic process safety incidents are
training: at least every 3 organizational changes. to people who need it. relatively rare, but losses can be devastating.  Set goals
years The control of operations depends  Continuously improve  Learning should be proactive, lessons should  Maintaining a reliable practice Appoint a champion
Without an adequate training 13 

Importance
 Change communication: on having competent persons in knowledge and Identify the final benefits
and performance assurance not be forgotten.  Execute activities that help 

Application
 Maintaining a reliable training, if necessary program, a facility cannot be
position. competence.  Only competent people can transform  Developing a learning plan
 Consistently apply maintain and improve process
Requirements

Importance

practice The means by which Management must ensure that information into knowledge. Promoting a learning organization
Solution


 Identify what training is
 Contractor training confident that work tasks would
workers demonstrate 3 existing and new staff have the what has been learned.  Knowledge management, not information safety competency  Maintaining a sense of vulnerability
What is it?

 Comprehension be consistently completed to required skills and are fit for work.  Evaluate and share results Appoint technology managers
needed acceptable minimum standards, that they understood The control of operations depends on having management, helps organizations understand 

 Providing effective training verification in accordance with accepted training and can apply competent persons in position. Management and manage risks and remain competitive.  Adjust plans  Document knowledge
 Training should be it in practical must account that existing and new staff have  Make sure the information is accessible
 Monitor worker performance procedures and practices
documented
situations. the required skills and are fit for work. 12  Provide structure
 Push knowledge to the right staff
4  Apply knowledge
 Update information
 It is an equitable mechanism Promoting person-to-person contact
 Maintaining a reliable

What is it?

 Contracted employees must have The philosophy that for workers to participate  Plan staff transitions
practice It covers the controls and Achieving high levels of process safety recognizes all directly in the protection of
the same level of process security  Request knowledge from external sources
Solution

 Carrying out element incident protection as employees

procedures necessary to ensure
that the contracted services
11 performance requires workforce-wide workers can add their own well-being.  Maintaining a  Assess the usefulness of existing efforts
 The information is only  Ensuring consistent implementation
What is it?

work activities of the company Third parties working on behalf of the organization can commitment. value to the reliable practice  Request operational unit needs
support the operations of the 5 available through the unique  Involve competent staff
 Monitor the  Contracted employees play a key affect your operations and reputation. Management Management must align, engage and organization with  Performing work  Adjust plans
Importance

facilities in a manner consistent empower the entire workforce, in respect to process experience of operating the  Providing the right people

Importance
effectiveness of the role in maintaining process safety with the expectations of must ensure that third parties operate consistently and activities Apply proper work processes and
in a plant, and must understand consistently with your organization's process security identifying and managing and the safety activities. process every day. 
contractor management process safety and
10  A mechanism for workers to  Monitor system create item work products

Application
their role and responsibilities occupational safety of the requirements. security risks of the process.
system access the necessary effectiveness  Ensuring that workforce participation
company.
6 information.
 Reinforcement of a good
 Actively promoting 
practices remain effective
Encouraging participation in the
the Workforce
 Ensuring consistent 9 culture of process safety.
Participation
Workforce Participation Program
implementation 8 7 Program
 Adopting new opportunities to
participate in the workforce
 Identify when contractor Establishing and maintaining stakeholder
Maintaining plant and equipment integrity is an trust is a key factor in maintaining an participation program
management is needed  Prevent the catastrophic essential requirement for process safety.  Publicize the success of the workforce
 Involve competent staff release of a hazardous organization's license to operate.
Management must ensure that the necessary Management must identify key stakeholder participation program
material or the sudden

What is it?
 Ensuring that practices remain Search for individuals or
inspection and maintenance requirements are groups and develop and maintain a good  Sharing information with industry peers will promote
What is it?

effective release of energy and identified and carried out to reduce the likelihood of a organizations who may be better process security for everyone.
working relationship with them,
Importance

 Properly select contractors  Ensure high availability or The systematic implementation of or believe they may be
activities, such as inspections and significant incident as a result of the failure of the plant understanding and addressing their issues  Proactively sharing information with community

Importance
(reliability) of critical
Solution

 Establish Expectations, Functions
and Responsibilities for the
Enrollment and Performance of
affected by the company's  Maintaining a reliable practice Ensuring consistent implementation
 Maintaining a reliable practice security or utility systems testing necessary to ensure the or equipment. and concerns. operations and involve
stakeholders and government will build trust and 
Involve competent staff
 Identify equipment and systems that prevent or mitigate the equipment will be appropriate for them in a dialogue about
engagement.  Identify communication and 
 By promoting openness and responsiveness, an  Maintaining effective practices

Application
the Security Program that are within the scope of asset effects of such events. its intended implementation process safety. outreach needs  Identify relevant stakeholders
 Ensure that contractor staff are throughout your life effective outreach program will increase the  Carry out
integrity confidence of all stakeholders in the company.  Defining the right scope
properly trained  Schedule and assign ITPM tasks" communication/scope  Identify appropriate communication pathways
 Fulfilling the company's MECHANICAL ASSET Accurate records and information are activities Developing appropriate communication tools
responsibilities to safety  Develop and maintain knowledge, Reliability essential for identifying, assessing, and

INTEGRITY INTEGRITY  Moving forward with  Sharing appropriate information

What is it?
performance skills, procedures and tools Process safety performance is improved by managing risk to process safety. The knowledge element  Maintain external relationships
 Audit contractor selection  Ensuring continuous fitness for using robust standards and safe working Management must ensure that the covers those work commitments and actions  Follow-up commitments with stakeholders and
process purpose" The probability of A system to ensure that A system to secure Safe working practices typically control hot practices. Management must ensure that information required for the operation is activities associated with receive feedback
 Understanding risk depends on
What is it?

 Addressing equipment failures and an element being equipment used to equipment is work, stored energy (locking/labeling), required standards and safe working identified, available, and up-to-date. the compilation,  Sharing stakeholder concerns with management
suitable for your opening of vessels or process lines, entering practices, to support project, maintenance accurate and complete process
used as expected cataloguing and making  Document Disclosure Meetings

Solution
deficiencies process, store or and operation activities, are identified, A fundamental requirement of any safety information and
(designed) when manage HHCs is intended confined space, and similar operations. As available of a specific set of  Maintaining a reliable
 Analyze data necessary. application well as other very dangerous routine developed and applied consistently. process safety system is risk data relating to processes
understanding the importance of
designed, built, installed that information (process safety practice

Importance
throughout your life operations. identification and assessment. that are normally recorded
and maintained to  Knowledge of the process

MATERIAL
knowledge).

HAZARDS
Management must ensure that a in printed or electronic Flammability
minimize the risk of comprehensive risk assessment process  Process knowledge also supports Reactivity Ensuring consistent implementation
releases of such format. catalog in a way that 
Importance adequately identifies, assesses and other elements of RBPS, such as Toxicity  Defining the scope
chemicals The operation of the facilities within the procedures, training, asset facilitates recovery
established parameters and in accordance manages risks arising from the Corrosivity  Protect and update  Comprehensively document the dangers of
organization's operations. integrity, change management, chemical reactivity and incompatibility
with the legislation is an essential aspect of and incident investigation. process knowledge  Assign responsibilities to competent staff
 Maintaining a reliable practice process safety. Management should ensure  Using process knowledge  Make information available and provide
 Maintaining a reliable practice  Non-routine work
 Identifying what operating procedures
that the manuals and operating procedures What is it?
Solution

structure
 Effectively control non-routine work increases risk and
are needed
necessary to support operations are  Protecting knowledge from unintentional loss
can lead to identified, available, accurate, up-to-date,
Solution

activities  Store calculations, design data, and similar

conditions that  Developing procedures understood and used. HIRA is a risk-based methodology that information in central files
KEY QUESTIONS

make a catastrophic  Use procedures to improve human encompasses all activities involved in hazard  Document information in a user manual
event more likely. performance identification and risk assessment for What can go wrong?  Controlling or limiting access to outdated
 Make sure the procedures are How is it? employees, the public and the environment How bad is it?. documents
LINE BREAK maintained on the premises, throughout their life cycle, to What are the odds of it  Research and development: What if,  Ensuring accuracy
HOT WORK  Start start control risk within the organization's Tolerable happening?  Protect against involuntary change
PERMISSION level. checklists, consequence analysis (for
OPERATIONAL PHASES

 Temporary operations laboratory operation)  Protect against physical (or electronic) removal
• Describe the process, hazards, or bad faith.
 Normal shutdown tools, protective equipment and  Conceptual design: Analysis of the
 Develop a written program description/policy.   Support efforts to properly manage change
 Determine the scope of the asset information element fire prevention exposure of workers Emergency stop controls consequences (for team design),  Maintaining a reliable practice  Ensuring awareness
and protection and protection against  Normal operation • Provide troubleshooting  Pilot plant: What if, checklists, HAZOP,  Identify hazards and assess risks
 BASE design and ITPM standards tasks  Emergency operations CRITICAL RISKS risk matrices, LOPA  Make sure the process knowledge remains
 Updating practices based on new knowledge requirements. spills/release. instructions, emergency  Assess risks and make risk-based decisions useful

Methodologies

Start-up after gear change or shutdown, and special situations  Detailed engineering: What if,
 Establish a means to disseminate information and facilitate  Ensuring consistent implementation  Establish management controls emergency change • Describe the tasks needed to
ALARP checklists, HAZOP, TLC, ETA, risk  Follow through the results of the evaluation

Solution
continuous improvement of practices at the unit level  Defining the scope  Format and content of the control procedure "as low as
 Specify when safe working  Control documents safely start, operate, and shut matrices, LOPA, QRA
 Integrating the asset integrity element with other goals reasonably  Construction and commissioning: What
 Identify the equipment! Systems for Inclusion in the Asset Integrity procedures are applied in the  Perform task analysis down processes, including Possible"
Element installation lifecycle  Determine what procedures are needed and their
SAFETY AND HEALTH OPERATING LIMITS emergency shutdown Fires if, checklists, HAZOP (procedures)
 Develop an ITPM plan  Involve Competent Personnel CONFINED appropriate level of detail CONSIDERATIONS • Formatted instructions Explosions  Process modifications: HAZOP (on
Update the ITPM plan when equipment conditions change  Develop safe working procedures,  Address all modes of operation Toxic releases modification – equipment and

permits, checklists and other
SPACE Environmental procedures)
 Develop procedures for inspection, testing, repair and other critical  Use an appropriate format Document the Risk Management System Understood
maintenance activities written standards ENTRANCE POWER/ELECTRICAL  Ensure that the procedures describe the expected  Consequences of NO OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES pollution  Dismantling: What if, checklists, HAZOP 
 Dedicate yourself to HIRA's activities in the Project or Process Lifecycle
LOCK-LTT (procedures).
 Train employees and contractors  Train employees and contractors system response, how to determine whether a step  The dangers of  deviation
Control measures
 Clearly define the analytical scope of HIREs and ensure adequate coverage
 Make sure the inspectors have the right certifications  Controlling access to particularly or task was successful, and chemicals  Determining the physical scope of the risk system
 Providing the right tools dangerous areas adequate  Possible consequences associated with errors or  Steps to correct TYPES OF FIRES  Involve competent staff
 Conduct initial inspections and testing as part of plant  Enforce the use of safe working atmospheres and omissions" deviations  An installation cannot be certain that the  Making consistent risk judgments
procedures, permits and other rules unexpected Address Safe's operating limits and the consequences intended procedures and methods are used by
commissioning collapse protection presence or   Make sure risk practices remain effective
 Conduct tests and inspections systems of deviation of safe operating limits each operator.  Collect and use appropriate data to identify hazards and assess risks
release of energy. Steering limit conditions for operation FUNCTIONAL SAFETY  Or even that an individual operator will
 Execute calibration, adjustment, preventive maintenance and repair   Explosion of clouds of steam Select Appropriate HIRA Methods
Explosions


activities  Provide clear and concise instructions CONSIDERATIONS consistently execute a particular task as  BLEVE  Ensuring that HIRA participants have the right experience
 Plan, control and execute maintenance activities  Supplement procedures with checklists intended. Pool Fire  Dust explosion  Perform HIRA activities at the appropriate level of technical rigor in line with the life cycle stage
 Ensuring the quality of repair parts and maintenance materials  Make effective use of images and diagrams Flash Fire  Physical explosion of overpressure and the process information available
 Make sure that reviews, repairs, and testing don't undermine safety  Develop written procedures to control temporary or  Instrumented
Jet Fire  Steam phase or condensed phase  Prepare a comprehensive HIRA report
 Quickly address the conditions that can lead to failure non-routine operations Safety Systems
Fireball decompositions  Apply risk tolerance criteria
 Review test and lnspection reports  Group tasks into a logical manual and their
Dust Fire  Select appropriate risk control measures
 Examine the results to identify broader issues  Exchange-related procedures Functions  Communicate important results to management
 Investigate chronic failures using a structured methodology  Validate procedures and ensure that actual practice  Document residual risk
 Plan maintenance and repair activities conforms to the necessary practice  Resolve recommendations and track the completion of actions
 Collect and analyze data  Use the Procedures when Training  Communicating results internally
 Adjust frequencies and inspection methods  All organization managers responsible for  Communicating results externally
 Carry out additional inspections or tests as needed consistently following procedures  Maintain risk assessment records
 Plan replacements or other corrective actions  Make sure procedures are available
 Archive data  Manage changes
 Use the Procedures;
 Correct errors and omissions at an opportune time
 Periodically review all operational procedures