vkj-,-,l- eq[; ijh{kk iis j 3

bdkbZ III

lp
w uk izkS|ksfxdh
s h rduhd ftlds }kjk lp
,l w ukvkas dks lx
a zg.k izc/a ku] izkl
s fs lx
a ] lp
a kj ;k vknku iznku
Rofjr xfr ls njw LFk lektkas eas fofHkUu rjg ds lk/kukas ,oa ll
a k/kukas ds ek/;e ls lQyrkiow Zd fd;k
tkrk gAS

lp
w uk izkS|kfs xdh dkuuw @vf/kfu;e] 2000 ¼IT Act 2000½
• ;g vf/kfu;e 17 vDVcw j 2000 ls izHkkoh gqvkA
• Hkkjr eas bZ&dkWelZ ,oa bZ&iz'kklu dks lqn`< cuku]s bZ&ek/;ekas ¼fMftVy gLrk{kj] bZ&
gLrk{kj vkfn½ bZ&fjdkMZ dks ekU;rk iznku dju]s byDs Vªkfs ud lp a k j d k m i ;k x
s djus okys
miHkkDs rkvkas ij oS/kkfud fu;= a .k j[kus ,oa mUgas lkbcj ljq {kk miyC/k djokus ,oa lkbZcj
vijk/kkas dks jkd
s us ds mn~n's ; ls IT Act 2000 yk;k x;kA

rduhdh ,oa lkbcj nqfu;k eas rt s h ls gks jgs cnykokas ,oa cnyrs ifjn`'; ds e/; u;h
lqj{kk pqukSfr;kas ls fuiVus grs q vkbZVh ,DV 2000 eas o"kZ 2008 eas O;kid ll a k/s ku djrs gq, lp
w uk
izkS|kfs xdh ¼l'a kk/s ku½ vf/kfu;e] 2008 ikfjr fd;k x;kA

mn~n's ;
• bZ&ek/;e ls fjdkMZ fd, x, MVs k dks dkuuw h ekU;rk iznku djukA
• ljdkjh foHkkxkas eas bZ&ek/;e ls lp w uk izkIr djus dks ekU;rk nus kA
• fMftVy ;k bZ&gLrk{kjkas dks ekU;rkA
• lkbcj o dEI;Vw j vijk/k jkd s u kA
• c Sd a ks ,oa foRrh; lLa Fkkvkas ds chp byDs VªkWfud Qkes ZsV eas yus &nus dks ekU;rk nus kA
• bZ&dkelZ o bZ&iz'kklu dks lqn<` cukukA
• bZ&lp a kj dk iz;kx
s djus okys miHkkDs rkvkas ij oS/kkfud fu;= a .k j[kus ,oa mUgas lkbcj lqj{kk
miyC/k djkus grs qA

izeq[k izko/kku
• IP ,Mªl s ds ek/;e ls ,Dll
s ,oa forfjr dh xbZ lkexzh grs q mlds ekfyd ¼IP ,Mªl
s ½ d ks
ftEens kj cuk;k x;kA
• izHkkoh MVs k lqj{kk iz.kkfy;kas dks ykxw fd;k x;kA
• /kkjk 43 , tkMs rs gq, izHkkoh lqj{kk mik;kas dks ykxw djus ,oa mYy?a ku grs q dkWjikjs 's ku
¼fuxek½as dks ftEens kj cuk;k x;kA
• efgykvkas dh 'kkfCnd vHkznrk ds fy, n.M dk izko/kku fd;k x;kA
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 • RBI Act eas cnyko dj ljq f{kr :i eas bZ&Qkes ZVs eas yus &nus dks c<kok nus s lca fa /kr izko/kkuA
• dE;fw ud's ku fMokbl tl
S s 'kCnkofy;kas dks iqu% ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;kA
• bZ&gLrk{kj ,oa vU; bZ&vuqc/a kkas dks ekU;rk iznku dh xbZA
• lk{; ds vUrxZRk bZ&nLrkot s kas dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA

fMftVy gLrk{kj IT Act 2000

• e&gLrk{kj% fdlh byDs Vªkfs ud iz.kkyh ls fdlh nLrkot
s d ks lR;kfir djus ds fy, tks
ek/;e iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA
• bZ&i)fr }kjk fdlh bZ&vfHky[s k dks izekf.kr djukA
• bleas gLrk{kjdrkZ bZ&vfHky[s k ij vius vfa dr gLrk{kj yxkdj mls izekf.kr djrk gSA

vlefer fØIVks iz.kkyh ¼Asymmetric Cryptography system½

Asymmetric cryptography System eas nks vyx&vyx keys dk ç;kx s data dks
encrypt r Fk k decrypt djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bleas ,d public key gkr
s h gS tks lkot
Z fud
gkrs h gS vkSj nl w jh secret key gkrs h gS tks flQZ fjlhoj ¼receiver½ dks irk gkrs h gSA bls public
key cryptography Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

byDs Vªkfs ud gLrk{kj ,oa fMftVy gLrk{kj esa vra j

BASIS FOR
DIGITAL SIGNATURE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE
COMPARISON
fMftVy gLrk{kj dks byDs Vª‚fud byDs Vª‚fud gLrk{kj fdlh Hkh çrhd]
^^fQx
a jfçVa ^^ ds :i eas n[s kk tk ldrk Nfo] lna 's k ;k nLrkots ls tqMh+
Basic
gS] tks ml O;fä dh igpku dks çfØ;k gks ldrh gS tks gLrk{kjdrkZ
lqfuf'pr djrk gS ftlus okLro eas bl dh igpku dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj
ij gLrk{kj fd,A bl ij lgefr nrs k gSA

çek.ki=&vk/kkfjr fMftVy vkbZMh b Z ey

s ] Qkus fiu vkfn ds ek/;e ls
Authentication
mechanism
gLrk{kjdrkZvkas dh igpku dh iqf"V
djrk gAS
Used for
nLrkot
s lqjf{kr djukA nLrkot s dk lR;kiuA

bl dk izekf.kdj.k los kinz krk vFkok dkbs Z fof'k"V lR;kiu çfØ;k ughAa
Validation vf/kd`r fudk;@O;fDr }kjk fd;k tkrk
gS A

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lkbcj vijk/k ,oa blls lca fa /kr dkuuw
• dEI;Vw j] bVa juVs ,oa lp
w uk izkS|kfs xdh ls lca fa /kr os vijk/k ftues dEiVw j] bVa juVs ds
ek/;e ls lp a kj lk/kukas ,oa HkM
a kfjr lqpukvkas rd vuf/kd`r igp aq cukdj muls NM s N kM o
xyr bLres ky dj uqdlku igp aq k;k tkrk gAS
• bleas gSfdxa ] ikus kZsxzkQh] lkbcj ÝkWM] vkbZihvkj pkjs h] fQf'kxa ] MVs k pkjs h vkfn xSj&dkuuw h
dk;Z 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSA

izpfyr lkbcj vijk/k

• lkW¶Vo; s h & fcuk LokfeRo ;k vuqefr ;k dkuuw h vf/kdkjkas ds fdlh vlyh lk¶s Vo;
s j i k ;j l s j
¼dkWihjkbV ls ljfa {kr½ dh izfrfyfi cukuk ;k l'a kkfs /kr djuk mi;kx
s eas yus k ,oa mUgas forfjr
djuk@cp
s u kA
a & uVs odZ ls tqM+s dEI;Vw j eas vukf/kd`r ?kl
• g S fd x q iBS djds lp
w ukvkas dks {kfrxzLr
djuk@feVkuk@ n:
q i;kx
s djus dh izfØ;k gSfdx
a dgykrh gSA ;g o/S k ;t
w lZ dks dEI;Vw j
ll
a k/kukas dks bLres ky djus ls jkd
s r k gS A
vijk/k lkfcr gkus s ij 3 o"kZ dh ltk ;k 5 yk[k :i;s rd tqekZuk ¼IT ¼l'a kk/s ku½ dkuuw 2008
dh /kkjk 48 ¼A½ o /kkjk 66 ½
• MVs k pkjs h& fdlh O;fDr] lx
a Bu] lLa Fkku vkfn ds rduhdh flLVe ls futh ;k xkis uh; MVs k
dks mudh btktr ds fcuk bLres ky djuk ¼IT ¼l'a kk/s ku½ dkuuw 2008 dh /kkjk 43 ¼B½ o /kkjk
66 3 lky rd dh ltk ½
• igpku dh pkjs h ¼Identity Theft½& tc O;fDr dkbs Z vU; O;fDr dk vkHkkl nrs s gq, nl
w js O;fDr
dh igpku ls lca /a kh MVs k] xqIr lp
w ukvk]as Øfs MV dkMZ uEcj] iklikVs Z uEcj] vk/kkj uEcj]
fMftVy vkbZMh dkMZ] bZ&dkWelZ Vªkt
a Ds 'ku ikWlokMZ] bZ&gLrk{kj vkfn dk bLres ky djrs gq,
'kkWfix
a ] /ku fudklh vkfn vijk/k djrk gS rks ;g vkbZMfas VVh Fk¶s V eas vkrk gSA
vkbZVh ¼l'a kk/s ku½ ,DV 2008 dh /kkjk 43 o 66 3 o"kZ rd dh ltkA

• ey
s Lifw Qx
a o ÝkWM
• fdlh nl w js O;fDr ds bZ&ey
s , Mª l
s dk bLres ky djrs gq, xyr edln ls nl
w jkas dks bZ&ey
s
Hkt
s uk ;k bZ&ey s gMs j dh tkylkthA
• gSfdxa ] fQf'kxa ] LiSe o ok;jl LikbZo;s j QSykus ds fy, bl rjg ds ÝkWM dk bLres ky
fd;k tkrk gAS
• bldk mnn~ 's ; bZ&ey s ikus okys dks /kk[s kk nd
s j mldh xkis uh; tkudkjh ¼cSd
a [kkrk l[a ;k]
Øfs MV dkMZ u]a bZ&dkWelZ lkbV dk ikloMZ½ gkfly djuk gkrs k gSA
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 • fQf'kx
a
• ,ls s bZ&ey
s tks fdlh vf/kd`r cdaS @dEiuh ds rjQ ls Hkt s s izrhr gkrs s gSA
• vf/kd`r dia uh ds Nn~e :i eas QthZ ey s Hkt
s dj ykx as ks ls muds cd aS [kkrk@ as Øfs MV dkMZ
vkfn dh tkudkjh fudyokuk lkbcj vijkf/k;kas eas T;knk ykd s fiz; gS D;kfas d dEI;Vw j dh
lqj{kk iz.kkyh dks rkM
s us dh ctk; oS/k fn[kus okyh fQf'kx a bZ&ey s ds lkFk Malicious link
Hkts dj ml ij fDyd djokuk T;knk vklku gSA

• bZ&eys LiSe
• tda eSy dgrs gS tks b&
Z ey
s ds ek/;e ls Hkt
s s x, vupkg@
s vokfa Nr ykd
s lna 's k gSA budk
nq:i;kx s foKkiukas grs q fd;k tkrk gSA iz;kx
s drkZ dks ij's kku djrs gS rFkk le; o /ku dh
ccknZ h djrs gSA

• dEI;Vw j ok;jl
• ,l
s s ekyo;s j ¼udkjkRed½ izkx
s zke tks dEI;Vw j eas ?kqldj viuh lØ
a ked izo`fr ds dkj.k
v U; i z k x
s zkekas ;k uVs odZ eas tqMs+ vU; dEI;Vw jkas eas QSy tkrs gS rFkk mudh QkbZyk]as Mªkbo]
lxa zfgr lp w uk ¼MVs k½] ,is vkfn dks [kjkc] fMyhV ;k ifjofrZr dj ud q l ku i gp
aq krs gSA
mnkgkj.k & yocx] okeZ ok;jl] Vªkt s u ok;jl

• ykWftd ce
• ,ls k izkx
s zke tks fdlh [kkl fnu@rkjh[k dks lfØ; gkrs k gS rFkk dEI;Vw j iz.kkyh dks
uqdlku igp
aq krk gSA

• lkbZcj vkrd a okn

• vk r d
a oknh lx
a Bukas }kjk dEI;Vw j lkbcj Lil
s ] ,oa bVa juVs ds tfj, vkrd
a h fopkj/kkjk dks
QSykuk] fdlh n's k dh dEI;Vw j vk/kkfjr cfaS dx
a iz.kkyh] fo|qr vkifw rZ iz.kkyh] fpfdRlk] jy
s ]
foeku vkfn ifjogu iz.kkfy;kas dks Bi djukA
• lkbcj tkll w h
• bUgas ,Mo;s j Hkh dgrs gSA ;g dEI;Vw j eas dHkh vuqefr rks dHkh fcuk vuqefr ds LFkkfir
gkd
s j O;fDrxr lp
w uk dks ,d= dj nl
w jkas dks nsrs gSA ;s dEI;Vw j dks /khek dj nrs s gSA

• Vªktu
• uku&'kYs Q jis fydfs Vxa ekyo;s j tkfs d fdlh Hkh bfPNr dk;Z dks ijw k djrs gq, irz hr gkrs k
g S i j ;s m i ;k x
s drkZ ds dEI;Vw j flLVe ij vuf/kd`r mi;kx
s dk ekSdk inz ku djrk gAS
• ,Va hok;jl
• ;g lk¶s Vo;s j dks ok;jl] LikbZo;s j] Vªkt
s u vkfn ls cpkrs gSA

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 • LikbZo;
s j
• ekyo;s j dk ,d id
z kj gS tks dEI;Vw j ij xIq r rjhds ls bLa Vky fd;k tkrk gS vkjS
m i ;k x
s drkZ dh fcuk tkudkjh@lgefr ds mldh O;fDrxr lp w uk,a ,d= dj vU; bdkbZ
dks Hkt s rk gS dbZ ckj tkudkjh eas jgrs gq, Hkh dqdht ds ek/;e ls xqIRk lp
w uk,a Hkt
s r k gS A

• lkbcj cqfyxa
• cqfyxa dk ,d izdkj tks fMthVy midj.kkas ¼ly
s Qkus ] dEI;Vw j] VScyVs vkfn½ ij ,l,e,l]
VDs LV] ,Il] lk's ky ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls gkrs h gS ftles fa dlh ds ckjs eas udkjkRed] >Bw h]
v'kkHs kuh;] v'yhy] 'kfeZank@viekfur djus okyh lkexzh Hkt s h@'k;
s j dh tkrh gAS

• ikus kZsxzkQh
• uXurk ,oa ;kSu d`R;kas ij vk/kkfjr lkexzh ¼QkVs k] fofM;k]s VDs lV] vkWfM;k½s dks n[s kuk]
lquuk] i<u+ k voS/k ugha yfs du bldks izdkf'kr o izlkfjr djuk] byDs Vªkfs ud ek/;e ls
nl
w jks rd igqapkuk] nl
w jkas ds ikus Z fofM;ks rS;kj djuk voS/k gAS

• pkbYM ikus kZsxzkQh

• pkbYM ikus kZxs zkQh n[s kuk Hkh voS/k gSA
• cPpkas dks lDs lqvy ,DV eas ;k uXu fn[kkrs gq, bZ&QkeZsV eas ;k vU; rjhdkas ls v'yhy
lkexzh rS;kj djuk] ,d= djuk] lpZ djuk] n[s kuk] MkmuykM s djuk] foKkiu djuk] nl w jkas
dks Hkt
s uk xSj& dkuuw h gAS
• ltk& vkbZVh ,Dr ¼l'a kkfs /kr½ 2008 dh /kkjk 67 ds rgr igyh ckj 5 o"kZ ,oa nl
w jh ckj 7
o"kZ dh ltkA
• vkbZihvkj mYy?a ku
• fdrkck]as y[s k] fofM;k]as fp=] vkfM;k]s ykxs k]s fØ,fVo eVhfj;y vkfn :ikas eas ocs ij ekStnw
nl
w jkas dh lkexzh dks mudh fcuk vuqefr ds @pqjkdj @vukf/kd`r :i ls
bLres ky@izdkf'kr djukA
• ltk & ikjEifjd dkuuw ¼dkWihjkbV ¼l'a kk/s ku 2002 o 2004½ dkuuw 1957½ ds rgr ltk
• izpfyr lkbcj vijk/k
• lk¶s Vo;s j ik;jl
s h] gSfdx
a ] lp
w ukvk@
as MkVk dh pkjs h] lp
w uk dh udy] loa ns u'khy lkexzh
dk izpkj] igpku dh pkjs h] byDs Vªkfs ud /ku dk yus &nus lkbcj vkrd
a okn] /kk[s kk/kMh]
v'yhy lna 's k@lkexzh dk izpkj vkfn

• ek fdZx
a
• dEI;Vw j o bVa juVs ds ek/;e ls fdlh O;fDr dh okLrfrd Nfo ls NMs NkM+
• lykeh vVSd
• xqipqi rjhds ls vkfFkZd vijk/k dks vt
a ke nus k ftleas [kkrk/kkjdkas ds [kkrs ls bruh de
jkf'k dks vukf/kd`r :i ls dkVk tkrk gS fd og utj vna kt jgAs
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 • lkbcj ;q)@fMftVy okjQ; s j
• fdlh n's k] lxa Bu ;k O;fDr fo'k"s k }kjk vU; n's k ds dEI;Vw j uVs odZ] dEI;Vw j vk/kkfjr
cSfa dx iz.kkyh] fo|qr vkifw rZ iz.kkyh] fpfdRlk] jy
s ] foeku vkfn iz.kkfy;kas dks u"V djuk ;k
Bi djukA

• ek fdZx
a
• dEI;Vw j ,oa bVa juVs ds ek/;e ls fdlh O;fDr dh okLrfod Nfo ls NMs &NkM+ djukA

• lkbcj LVkfQxa
• bVa juVs ij ihNk djuk] rxa djuk] ekufld 'kk"s k.k dh ioz `fRRk] O;fDr dh futrk dk
vfrØe.k] izR;d
s xfrfof/k ij utj j[kuk] voS/k :i ls lp
w ukvkas dk mi;kx
s djrs gq,
O;fDr dk ekufld mRihMu+ djukA

lkbcj vijk/kkas dh fo'k"s krk,a

• jDrghu ;nq ~/k
• {k=s vR;f/kd foLr`r vud s ckj lEi.w kZ fo'o
• fu;=a .k ,oa fuxjkuh j[kuk vR;Ur eqf'dy
• vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkefjd thou dk gj {k=s blds nk;js eas vkrk gSA

Hkkjr eas lkbcj vijk/k ls tqMs dkuuw

• Hkkjrh; n.M lfa grk 1860
• Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e 1872
• lp w uk izkS|kfs xdh vf/kfu;e 2000
• iVs Us V o dkWihjkbV l'a kk/s ku vf/kfu;e 2002 o 2004
• lkbcj ljq {kk uhfr 2013

lkbcj dkuuw ¼Cyber Law½ 2000

• lpw uk izkS|kfs xdh dks fofu;fer djus okyk dkuuw
• bZ&dkelZ] bZ&yus nus ] fMftVy gLrk{kj dks ekU;rkA
• lkbcj dkuuw ds mYy?a ku ij nM a dk izko/kku
• lkbcj dkuuw mYy?a ku dh tkp a mi v/kh{kd Lrj ;k blls Hkh mPp Lrj ds vf/kdkjh }kjk
• bZ&lpa kj miHkkDs rkvkas ij oS/kkfud fu;=a .k] mudks lkbcj lqj{kkA
• lkbcj vijk/kkas dks jkd s u kA

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 •

lkbcj vijk/kkas dks jkd

s us ds ljdkjh iz;kl
• vkbZVh ,DV 2000 vkbVZ h ¼l'a kkfs /kr ½,DV 2008
• bfa M;u dEI;Vw j bejtl as h jLs ikl
a Vhe ¼CERT-IN½
• lkbcj ljq {kk uhfr 2013
• jk"Vªh; lp
w uk foKku dnas z ¼NIC½
• jk"Vªh; lp
w uk ljq {kk vk'oklu dk;ZØe ¼NISAP½
• Hkkjr& vefs jdk lkbcj lqj{kk QeZ dh LFkkiuk 2001
• jk"Vªh; lkbcj leUo; dUs nz ¼NCCC½ bl cgq mnn~ 's ;h; ,tl
as h dh LFkkiuk grs q ljdkj
iz;Ru'khy gSA

vU ; iz;kl
• lkbcj Fkkukas ,oa lkbcj dkVs Zl
~ dh LFkiuk
• lkbcj vihyVs fVªC;uw y dh LFkkukA
• ck;kes fs Vªd igpku rduhdkas dk iz;kx
s
• lkbcj [krjkas ds fo"k; eas vn~;ru jgukA
• lqjf{kr <x a ls vkWuykbu [kjhnnkjh djukA
• dEI;Vw j flLVe ,oa okW;jyl s uVs odZ dks vPNs lqj{kk lk¶s Vo;
s j }kjk ljq f{kr j[kukA
• vius vkuykbZu vdkmVa l ~ eas etcrw ikloMZ dk iz;kx s vkjs le;&le; ij mUgas cnyrs
jgukA
• lkbcj ljq {kk dks yd s j tkx:drk c<kukA
xzkm.M thjks f'k[kj lEey
s u
• lkbcj ljq {kk fo'k"s kK ,oa 'kk/s kdrkZvkas ds fy, ,f'k;k dk lcls cMk lg;kx
s h ep
a
• vR;k/kqfud rduhdkas dk izn'kuZ ,oa mHkjrh lkbZcj pqukSfr;kas ls fuiVus ds lq>ko
• Hkkjr eas vk;kfs tr fd;k tkrk gAS

CERT - IN
• n's k eas lkbcj [krjkas ls fuiVus grs q jk"Vªh; ukM s y ,tl as h ds :i eas xfBr
• lp a kj ,oa lpw uk izkS|kfs xdh e=
a ky; ds v/khu
• lkbcj ?kVukvkas ds MVs k dk lx a zg.k] fo'y"s k.k rFkk jkd
s Fkke grs q fn'kk funZs'k tkjh djukA
• fdlh vkikr lkbcj fLFkfr dks lHa kkyus ds fy, vyZV tkjh djuk o vkikr mik; ykxw
djukA
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 lkbcj lqj{kk uhfr 2013
• bZ&yus nus ,oa lkbcj txr dh ljq {kk grs q ljq f{kr ekgkSy rS;kj djukA
• lHkh Lrjkas ij lkbcZ j lqj{kk ds eqn~nks ls fuiVkus grs q O;kid] lg;kxs kRed ,oa lkefw gd
dk;Zokgh dh :ij[s kk rS;kj djukA
• CERT -IN dk xBu

• lkbcj txr dks lqjf{kr ,oa yphyk cukukA

• foRrh; yus nus ] cfaS dxa i.z kkyh] egRoi.w kZ vkda Ms o futh tkudkjh dks blds rgr yk;k x;k
gS A
• lkbcj lqj{kk ls tqMs i's kos jkas dh deh njw djuk & 5 o"kZ esa 5 yk[k lkbcj lqj{kk i's kos j
rS;kj djukA
• lkbcj ljq {kk lca /a kh cqfu;knh <kp a s eas o`f) djukA

IT ACT dh /kkjk 66 A
• lp
a kj los kvkas ds ek/;e ls vkijkf/kd@vkifRrtud lkexzh Hkt
s uk izfrcfa /kr ¼ijUrq mPpre
U;k;ky; us J; s k fl?a ky cuke Hkkjr ljdkj QSlys eas bls fujLr dj fn;k½ rFkk bls
vuqPNns 19 ¼1½¼a½ okd~ ,oa vfHkO;fDr dh Lor= a r k d s fo : ) e k u k A
• bZ&yus nus ,oa lkbcj txr dh ljq {kk grs q ljq f{kr ekgky s rS;kj djukA

Hkkjr eas lkbcj vijk/k ds rts h ls c<us ds dkj.k

• j kd
s Fkke grs q vko';d vk/kkjHkrw lja pukvkas ¼fo'k"s k dkuuw ] ,ohMl
as ] dkuuw ] lkbcj iqfyl]
lkbcj dkVs Z vkfn½ dh dehA
• fMftVy lcrw kas dks lqjf{kr j[kuk cMh puq krS hA
• Hkkjrh; iqfyl }kjk uohu izo`fr ds vijk/kkas dh tkp
a ijEijkxr rjhdkas ls fd;k tkukA
• iqfyl ds ikl i;kZIr LVkQ ,oa vk/kqfud rduhd ;qDr ;= a kas dh dehA
• lkbcj vijk/kkas dks idMus ds n{k iqfyldfeZ;kas dh dehA
• lkbcj ljq {kk dks yds j lekt eas tkx:drk dh dehA
• ;g ,d vUrjk"Vªh; izo`fr dk vijk/k yfs du Hkkjr us vHkh rd lkbcj Økbe dUo'as ku o
MLAT ij Hkh gLrk{kj ugha fd, gSA

bZ& iz'kklu
• byDs Vªkfs ud iz.kkyh ¼bVa juVs ] dEI;Vw j]ekcs bZy vkfn½ ds ek/;e ls iz'kklfud lp
w ukvk]as
vfHky[s kk]as los kvk]as ljdkjh dk;kZs@;kt
s ukvkas ls lca fa /kr tkudkjh ukxfjdkas ds }kj rd
i gp
aq kuk ,oa iz'kklu eas turk dh Hkkxhnkjh c<kukA
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 •

bZ& iz'kklu dks c<kok nus s grs q IT vf/kfu;e eas fd, x, izko/kku
• bZ&vfHky[s kk]as bZ&gLrk{kjkas dks oS/k ekU;rkA
• ljdkjh dkedkt eas bZ&vfHky[s kk]as bZ&fpgudkas ds iz;kxs dks c<kokA
• bZ& iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls ukxfjdkas dks los k,a iznku djukA
• bZ&Qkes ZVs eas nLrkots kas dk l/a kkj.k ,oa mudk y[s kk ijh{k.kA
• bZ&xtSV eas fu;ek]as fofu;ekas vkfn dk izdk'ku

9 RAS : Pre Mains Interview Foundation For More Info. Contact @ 9166969844/9166819844